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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Active Natural Immunity Active Artificial Immunity |
Getting chicken pox (direct exposure to environment) Flu shot (vaccination) |
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Immune System Hypersensitivities Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 |
1 - Allergic Reactions 2- Myasthenia Gravis. Cytotoxic reactions to "self" 3 - Lupus (SLE) Immune complexes that are not gotten rid of - activates inflammatory response 4- Contact Dermatitis. Latex Allergy. Cell Mediated Immunity |
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Myasthenia Gravis |
Grave Muscular weakness Impaired reception of ACH Antibody-Antigen complex of IgG and anti-ACH antigen |
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Lupus |
Butterfly rash Onset between 20-40 Mainly in women Auto-Antibodies circulate and destroy multiple systems in the body - different for each patient |
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Incidence Definition |
The number of reported NEW CASES for a particular disease in a given amount of time
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Primary Varicella Secondary Varicella |
Chicken Pox Shingles |
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least complication at surgery |
inflammation |
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Respiratory Acidosis Definition |
pH < 7.35 PaCO2 > 45 mmHg (CO2 retention!) (Acidic and high CO2) Commonly caused by COPD, thoracic trauma, and drug overdose |
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metabolic alkalosis |
pH > 7.45 HCO3- > 27 mEq/L (Basic and high bicarbonate) Caused by severe vomiting, excessive antacid usage, diuretics, hypokalemia |
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Hgb (hemoglobin) |
Amount of iron in blood Norms: Males 14-18 g/dL Females 12-16 g/dL |
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Doppler Study |
Used to find DVT |
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Ischemia Definition |
lack of oxygen Hypoxia - partial loss anoxia - complete loss |
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Neoplasm Definition |
cancer/tumor |
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Hypertrophy Definition |
An increase in the size of the cell and organ |
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How long does the Inflammation Stage last? |
1 week |
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4 Cardinal Signs of Inflammation |
Heat Redness/Erythema (rubor) Swelling/Edema Pain |
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What are Neutrophils? |
WBC that performs initial chemotaxis and phagocytosis |
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Hageman factor does what? |
The stimulus to stop bleeding - clot formation |
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Fibroblasts are responsible for what? |
Fibroplasia/Collagen Production |
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Malingerer Definition |
A patient that continues to complain of pain even after stimulus has been removed - "lingers" in symptomatic form or may have fabricated the symptoms in the first place to avoid military duty, work, get financial compensation, evade criminal prosecution, or obtain drugs. |
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Myofibroblasts are responsible for what? |
Would Contracture - pulls the edges of the wound together and helps wounds heal - picture frame theory |
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Complete Fracture Incomplete Fracture Open Fracture Closed Fracture |
Bone is severed into 2 or more separate pieces
The bone is cracked, but still intact overall Bone protrudes through skin Skin remains intact, fracture contained within body |
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Fracture Healing Times: Children Adolescents Adults |
4-6 weeks 6-8 weeks 10-18 weeks |
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Complication of fractures |
Muscle spasm may cause malunion Infection Ischemia Compartment Syndrome Fat Emboli Nerve Damage Non-Union Subject to OA or stunted growth |
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Limbic system |
Mind/body connection Emotional center of body Regulates autonomic nervous system |
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Thyroid gland |
Located below larynx, anterior to trachea Requires iodine to produce hormones to regulate metabolism Targets all major body systems Disorders of the thyroid are more common in females |
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Hyperthyroidism |
Expothalmos - thyroid secrets too much thyroid hormone - increases body's overall metabolism "bug-eyed" appearance |
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Most common form of Hyperthyroidism? |
Grave's Disease
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Addison's Disease |
Insufficient adrenal glands - doesn't release enough cortisol - idiopathic and autoimmune Bronzing of skin Hypoglycemia Weakness JFK had it |
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Clinical presentation of Diabetes |
Frequent Urination Thirst; dry mouth Insatiable Weight Loss Blurred Vision Weakness Fatigue Dizziness |
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Research hypothesis |
the thought that the research will yield a difference between the study groups
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retrospective study |
Looks at previous patients that have been discharged over a period of time
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Xenograft Definition |
a tissue graft or organ transplant from a donor of a different species from the recipient.
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Precipitating Factors |
Specific event(s) that trigger the disease onset (shoveling snow = heart attack) |
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Co-Morbidities Definition |
When more than one disease/pathology is existing in the body at the same time.
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Closed Gate Theory |
A-Beta fibers are non-nociceptive and travel faster than A-Delta and C Fibers - therefore stimulus of A-Beta can block transmission of A-Delta and C Fibers, closing the "gate" to the brain - one reason why massage and trigger point release works - also used for TENS
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Seeker vs. Avoiding Control and Information |
Seeker - Wants to know knowledge Avoider - Doesn't want to know |
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Predisposing Factors Definition |
Conditions within the individual's health status that promote disease
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Etiology Definition |
What conditions CAUSED the disease
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Where does pain present for patella femoral pain? |
Patient's usually present with compliant of anterior knee pain that is aggravated by activities that increase patellofemoral compressive forces such as: ascending/descending stairs, sitting with knees bent, kneeling, and squatting.
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Tennis Elbow |
Most common overuse injury of the elbow Carpi Radialis Brevis Tender point pain at ECRB tendon insertion of LATERAL elbow - pain with resisted wrist extension |
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Adhesive Capsulitis Treatment |
NOT RICE!!! Strengthen what's weak, stretch what's tight Anti-inflammatory meds Move in pain-free ranges as much as possible |
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Most common meniscus tear? |
Medial
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Leggs Calve Perthes |
Idiopathic childhood version of femoral head avascular necrosis Most common in boys ages 4-8 Typically unilateral May need surgery or spica cast |
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Iliopsoas Tendonitis |
Tender point pain at proximal anterior hip - pain with resisted flexion/palpation |
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Heberons Nodes location |
DIP |
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Subluxation |
Joint/capsule ligaments |
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Gout |
Buildup or uric acid in the blood stream Predominantly in men, ages 30-50 Longterm mediation, decreased activity, joint protection, avoiding alcohol, and regulating diet are treatments |
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Hill Sachs Lesion |
Impaction Fracture |
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De Quervain's Syndrome |
Stenosing Tenosynovitis of the first dorsal compartment of the wrist Pain with thumb motions along radial styloid and into lateral forearm Finkelstein's Sign |
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Peripheral overstretching |
Brachial Plexus |
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Median Nerve |
carpal tunnel |
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Right side torticollis |
rt lateral flex, rotate left |
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unilateral spacicity of SCM |
Torticollis
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What ther-ex would you not use for OA |
high intensity exercise |
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How long to wait before repairing muscles? |
48 - 72 hours |
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Arthroplasty - Posterior approach |
Cuts through tissue - no flexion beyond 90 degrees, no adduction beyond neutral, and no IR - most common approach |
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fasciotomy |
compartment syndrome |
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college soccer/clicking |
labrum tear |
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Hip dysplasia treatment (braces/harness) |
pavlic harness - infants Spica Cast/Brace - 6 months to 1 year old |
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Colles Fracture |
Fracture of the distal radius with anterior displacement FOOSH injury |
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TOS - Thoracic Outlet Syndrome |
Hypertrophied neck musculature (anterior scalenes and upper trapezius) - Kyphotic posture "Stingers" Not caused by FOOSH |
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Plicca |
synovial folds in knee |
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Gait of someone with an ACL injury |
Tip toeing/Bent knee |
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Trendelenburg |
Dropping of the pelvis on the UNAFFECTED side of the body at the moment of heel strike on the AFFECTED side - Glute Meds are weak |
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Spondylosisthesis |
slippage of vertebrae |
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Radiculopathy |
peripheralization |
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Wedge shaped fracture of spine treatment |
Kyphoplasty |
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Upslip |
SI joint - unilateral elevation of the innominate bones |
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Torsion |
Rotation of the sacrum - anterior tilt, posterior tilt or left/right rotation |
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Chronic stage Treatment |
functional exercise |
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Acute ROM |
ROM decreased because of inflammation |
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Piriformis Syndrom |
Myofascial pain syndrome hip rotation, mid buttock tender point pain |
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Plantar fasciatis |
pain in heel |
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Runner pain |
IT band syndrome |
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3 bones affected by trimalleolar |
tibia, fibula, talus |
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ORIF |
Tibial plateau fracture |
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Osgood Schlatter Syndrome |
patellar tendon irritation causing disruption of immature bone at the tibial tuberosity
Common in boys 10-15 years of age Can be seen in girls 8-13 years of age Abnormally large tibial tuberosities |
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What would you use for stress fracture of lower leg |
Walking boot |
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DDD Definition |
Progressive disorder of fibrous layers and the nucleus pulpous - nucleus becomes less fluid and less shock-absorbing - causes stenosis and pinching of peripheral nerves |
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Bankhart Lesion |
A tear to the anterior labrum of the shoulder, via the inferior glenohumeral ligament
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Bicipital Tendonitis |
Bicipital tendon pain in proximal anterior humerus
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Acute Subacute Chronic |
Beginning stages of disease/illness - sudden onset Acute stage does not resolve in short period of time Permanent impairment or disability (acute exacerbations are flare ups of a chronic condition) |
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Sequelae Definition |
Unwanted RESIDUAL EFFECTS after disease onset |
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Prevalence Definition |
The TOTAL number of existing cases for a particular disease in a given amount of time |
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Acid/Base ABG levels |
Ph of 7.35-7.45 |
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Sodium |
> 147 mEq/L |
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Potassium |
> 5.5 mEq/L |
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Chloride |
104-110 mEq/L |
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Phosphate |
2.4-4.8 mg/dL |
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Bicarbonate (HCO3-) |
22-28 mEq |
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PaO2 |
80-100 mmHg |
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PaCO2 |
35-45 mmHg |
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Can you have a meniscus tear with a pure MCL injury? |
No |
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Medial meniscus tears and LCL injuries are commonly seen in what athletic group? |
Wrestlers |
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Passive Natural Immunity Passive Artificial Immunity |
Antibodies passed from mother to child Anitbodies given via injection (rabies shot) |
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Simple, Non displaced Fracture Comminuted Fracture Segmental Fracture Butterfly Fracture |
Single break site that does not displace the bone ends Multiple fractured areas - bone fragments Breaks into 2 or more lines - one or more segments of the original bone Wedge shaped fragment of bone - incomplete fracture |