Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Select the correct patch application sites: (Select ALL that apply.) Answer AMethylphenidate--alternating hips, each morning. BVivelle--to breasts, rotate areas with each twice-weekly patch application. CScopolamine-upper torso, several hours before event that causes motion sickness. DFentanyl--upper arm. EFentanyl--chest or back. |
AMethylphenidate--alternating hips, each morning.
DFentanyl--upper arm. EFentanyl--chest or back. |
|
|
Choose the pharmacokinetics term used to describe oral formulations breaking up in the gut in order for absorption to take place: Answer ADissolution BAbsorption CDistribution DMetabolism EExcretion
|
ADissolution |
|
|
Choose the correct statements that describe the elimination half life (t½): (Select ALL that apply.) Answer AThe time it takes for the plasma concentration of the drug to decrease by 50%. BIf a drug is eliminated via zero order kinetics, the half life is always the same. CThe elimination half-life refers to the time it takes for the drug to be absorbed through the gut lining. DAfter 4 to 5 half-lives, the elimination is considered to be nearly complete. EThe half life can be calculated if you know the terminal elimination rate constant, k.
|
AThe time it takes for the plasma concentration of the drug to decrease by 50%.
DAfter 4 to 5 half-lives, the elimination is considered to be nearly complete. EThe half life can be calculated if you know the terminal elimination rate constant, k. |
|
|
A dose of 750 mg of acetaminophen is administered to a patient. A blood sample is drawn one hour after dose administration. The concentration of acetaminophen is measured as 8 mcg/mL (which is 8 mg/L). Acetaminophen has a volume of distribution of 51 L. Determine the total amount of drug remaining in the body 1 hour after dose administration. Do not enter the units, only the number. Round to the nearest whole number. |
408 |
|
|
Following an oral dose of 400 mg of cefpodoxime (Vantin), the terminal elimination rate constant was determined to be 0.38 hr-1, and the AUC was determined to be 25.18 mg x hr/L. Calculate the apparent volume of distribution of cefpodoxime. Do not enter the units, only the number. Round to the nearest whole number. |
42 |
|
|
A patient has been using phenytoin 100 mg three times daily. The phenytoin level was taken and found to be 9.8 mcg/mL. The physician increased the dose to 100 mg with breakfast and lunch, and 200 mg with dinner. The patient started to slur her words, felt fatigued and returned to the physician's office. The level was retaken and found to be 18.7 mcg/mL. The most likely explanation for the non-linear increase in phenytoin level is: Answer APhenytoin exhibits increased metabolism with higher doses. BPhenytoin exhibits Michaelis-Menten kinetics. CPhenytoin has reduced protein binding at higher doses. DPatient non-compliance. EThe patient did not take with food. |
BPhenytoin exhibits Michaelis-Menten kinetics |
|
|
A chemist wishes to increase the rate of gut dissolution of a new tablet formulation. Which of the following would be the most useful option to consider for most medications? Answer ADecreasing the surface area of the tablet. BIncreasing the surface area of the tablet. CAdding an emulsifying agent. DInstructing the patient to take thirty minutes after the morning dose of a proton pump inhibitor. EInstructing the patient to take thirty minutes after the morning dose of an antacid. |
BIncreasing the surface area of the tablet. |
|
|
A drug that exhibits first-order kinetics will display the following properties: Answer AA linear relationship between dose and serum level BA nonlinear relationship between dose and serum level CA Michaelis-Menten relationship DAs the concentration increases the AUC decreases in a corresponding manner EFourth order kinetics |
AA linear relationship between dose and serum level |
|
|
What is the primary purpose for the release of Ambien CR and Paxil CR? Answer AGreater efficacy BReduced side effects CThe availability of zolpidem generic and paroxetine generic DThey are cheaper than immediate release products EImproved bioavailability
|
CThe availability of zolpidem generic and paroxetine generic |
|
|
The Noyes-Whitney equation includes this important factor in determining the rate at which a compound will dissolve in the gut: Answer AThe compound's surface area. BThe compound's chemical ingredients. CThe flavoring agent used in the preparation. DThe coloring used in the preparation. ENone of the above. |
AThe compound's surface area. |
|
|
It is acceptable to flush the following patches in the toilet (if it is not convenient to cut up and mix with a noxious substance): (Select ALL that apply.) Answer ADaytrana BDuragesic CButrans DLidoderm EEmsam |
ADaytrana BDuragesic CButrans |
|
|
A patient is using oxybutynin 5 mg TID. She often forgets to take her evening dose. She complains of incontinence and dry mouth. Choose the correct statement: Answer AA long-acting formulation would worsen adherence. BA long-acting formulation would reduce dry mouth. CA long-acting formulation would decrease efficacy for incontinence, but slightly. DA long-acting formulation would lead to toxicity. EShe should take the immediate release formulation once daily. |
BA long-acting formulation would reduce dry mouth. |
|
|
A middle-aged man has paranoid schizophrenia. He has been in intensive therapy and states he is willing to use his antipsychotic. However, he is likely to forget to take a daily dose and may change his mind and decide not to use it. Which medications come in a long-acting injection that may be useful to improve adherence? (Select ALL that apply.) Answer APaliperidone BHaloperidol CParoxetine DRisperidone Eziprasidone |
APaliperidone BHaloperidol
DRisperidone |
|
|
A patient has overdosed on phenytoin and is experiencing symptoms of phenytoin toxicity. The physician asks how much drug the patient has consumed because he wishes to calculate how long it will take the patient to clear the drug. The pharmacist offers the following correct advice: (Select ALL that apply.) Answer APhenytoin exhibits Michaelis-Menten elimination. BOnce the metabolizing enzymes are saturated, phenytoin elimination follows zero-order elimination. The elimination will not correlate in a linear fashion with the amount of drug consumed. CWith significant overdose the patient will display extreme irritability, anxiety and difficulty sleeping and concentrating. DWith significant overdose the patient will exhibit CNS depressant effects. EPhenytoin initially follows first-order elimination. |
APhenytoin exhibits Michaelis-Menten elimination. BOnce the metabolizing enzymes are saturated, phenytoin elimination follows zero-order elimination. The elimination will not correlate in a linear fashion with the amount of drug consumed.
DWith significant overdose the patient will exhibit CNS depressant effects. EPhenytoin initially follows first-order elimination. |
|
|
Following a 400 mg dose of cefpodoxime (Vantin), the terminal elimination rate constant was determined to be 0.38 hr-1. Calculate the half-life of cefpodoxime. Round to the nearest whole number. Do not enter the units, only the number. |
2 |
|
|
Data was obtained after oral and intravenous administration of drug X in volunteers of average weight 50 kg. Following an intravenous dose of 1.2 mg/kg, administered as a bolus injection, the AUC was 4.50 mg x hr/mL. Following a 4.0 mg/kg oral dose, administered as a solution, the AUC was 8.2 mg x hr/mL. Calculate the absolute bioavailability of drug X. Round to the nearest whole number. Do not enter the percent sign. |
55 |
|
|
A 35-year old woman has migraines with dizziness and nausea that come on quickly and cause debilitating pain. Choose the formulations that may provide benefit: (Select ALL that apply.) Answer AImitrex STAT dose BZolmitriptan tablets, immediate-release CSumatriptan tablets, immediate-release DImitrex nasal spray EMaxalt MLT |
AImitrex STAT dose
DImitrex nasal spray EMaxalt MLT |
|
|
What is the primary pathway of drug degradation in the gut? Answer AOxidation BPhase II conjugation reactions CHydrolysis DProteolysis EP-glycoprotein efflux drug transportation |
CHydrolysis |
|
|
Choose the pharmacokinetics term used to describe the process by which the body breaks down drugs into compounds that can be more readily eliminated: Answer ADissolution BAbsorption CDistribution DMetabolism EExcretion
|
DMetabolism |
|
|
Doxycycline has a clearance of 4.5 L/hr and a volume of distribution of 65 L. Calculate the half-life of doxycycline. Round to the nearest whole number. Do not enter the units, only the number. |
10 |
|
|
Choose the pharmacokinetics term used to describe the process by which the body rids itself of drugs or metabolites either through the kidneys or back into the gut: Answer ADissolution BAbsorption CDistribution DMetabolism EExcretion
|
EExcretion |
|
|
The medical resident asks the pharmacy student to explain to the medical students why most drugs are weak acids or weak bases. Which of the following points are correct and could be included in the explanation? Answer AIf the drug dissolves in the gut fluid it will not get absorbed. BIf the compound is charged it cannot interact with the cell receptors. CWeak acids are highly charged compounds in physiological pH. DWeak bases are highly charged compounds in physiological pH. ECharged compounds dissolve more easily in water than uncharged compounds.
|
ECharged compounds dissolve more easily in water than uncharged compounds. |
|
|
Data was obtained after oral and intravenous administration of drug X in volunteers of average weight 50 kg. Following an intravenous dose of 1.2 mg/kg, administered as a bolus injection, the AUC was 4.5 mg x hr/mL. Following a 4 mg/kg oral dose, administered as a capsule, the AUC was 7.36 mg x hr/mL. Calculate the absolute bioavailability of drug X. Round to the nearest whole number. Do not enter the percent sign. |
49 |
|
|
Choose available formulations for mesalamine: (Select ALL that apply.) Answer ASuppository BTransdermal patch CEnema DTablet ENasal spray |
ASuppository
CEnema DTablet |
|
|
Choose the pharmacokinetics term used to describe how the drug moves from the site of administration and into the circulation: Answer AExcretion BDissolution CAbsorption DDistribution EMetabolism |
CAbsorption |
|
|
Choose the pharmacokinetics term used to describe the dispersion, or passage of the drug throughout the body: Answer ADissolution BAbsorption CDistribution DMetabolism EExcretion
|
CDistribution |
|
|
AUC values of drug X following IV administration of 50 mg and oral administration of 100 mg were found to be 70 mg x hr/mL and 90 mg x hr/mL respectively. Calculate the absolute bioavailability of drug X. Round to the nearest whole number. Do not enter the percent sign. |
64 |
|
|
Which formula is used to describe the rate of drug dissolution (or the rate at which the drug dissolves)? Answer AMichaelis-Menten BNoyes-Whitney CHenderson-Hasselbach DRemington's Coefficient EStimmel's
|
BNoyes-Whitney |
|
|
An elderly female is a resident in a skilled nursing facility. She has dysphagia and is choking on her medicines. She is using donepezil 10 mg QHS for dementia. Choose available formulations which may help decrease her difficulty in swallowing the dementia medication: (Select ALL that apply.) Answer AExelon patch BAricept ODT CNamenda XR DAricept XR EExelon injection |
AExelon patch BAricept ODT |
|
|
Large changes in drug distribution can be caused by small changes in: Answer ARelease of parathyroid hormone BRelease of growth hormone CProtein binding DProtein consumption EProtein absorption |
CProtein binding |
|
|
Methylphenidate comes in an OROS formulation called Concerta. This formulation provides the following benefit/s to children with ADHD: (Select ALL that apply.) Answer AThe ability to be dosed three times daily BImmediate release (for morning benefit) CExtended-release (for day-long benefit) DAvoidance of noon-time dosing at school EDecreases adherence |
BImmediate release (for morning benefit) CExtended-release (for day-long benefit) DAvoidance of noon-time dosing at school |
|
|
Before a drug can be absorbed through the GI tract the following must have taken place to the compound: Answer AThe drug must be conjugated to a free base. BIf the drug is an acid it must be encapsulated in a micelle. CThe drug must be dissoved in the gut solution. DThe drug must be conjugated to a free acid. ENone of the above. |
CThe drug must be dissoved in the gut solution. |
|
|
Which of the following patches can be cut into pieces by the patient? Answer AExelon BLidoderm CEmsam DDaytrana ENicoDerm CQ |
BLidoderm |
|
|
A drug that exhibits Michaelis-Menten kinetics will display the following properties: (Select ALL that apply.) Answer AA linear relationship between dose and serum level until the metabolizing enzymes are saturated BImproved distribution CA nonlinear relationship between dose and serum level DSaturable kinetics EPoor bioavailability |
AA linear relationship between dose and serum level until the metabolizing enzymes are saturated
CA nonlinear relationship between dose and serum level DSaturable kinetics |
|
|
Following a 400 mg dose of voriconazole the area under the curve is measured at 38.0 mcg x hr/mL. Calculate the apparent clearance. Round to the nearest liter. Do not enter the units, only the number.
|
11 |
|
|
Following a 225 mcg (0.225 mg) intravenous dose of fentanyl, plasma levels of fentanyl were measured. The extrapolated concentration at time = 0 was 0.286 mcg/L. Calculate the volume of distribution for fentanyl. Do not enter the units, only the number. Round to the nearest whole number.
|
787 |
