Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Epithelia
|
covers surfaces with lines and cavities without a matrix.
|
|
Endothelia
|
an epithelial lining of vessels
|
|
Connective
|
lots of matrix. Collagen, bone, serum. Includes blood.
|
|
Muscle
|
tissue type that includes smooth, striated, and cardiac
|
|
Nervous
|
tissues that includes neurons and supportive glial cells
|
|
What are the 3 reproductive models?
|
Lay eggs, hold eggs to give a live birth, lost egg shell
|
|
Oviparous
|
lay eggs. The embryo is on its own
|
|
Ovoviviparous
|
hold eggs in. The mother provides protection and O2 (only) to the embryo
|
|
Euviviparous
|
maternal tissues supply all nourishment
|
|
How does yolk affect cleavage?
|
The cells will have to cleave around the yolk. The more yolk, the more fat, the slower the development
|
|
Is there yolk in mammals?
|
No
|
|
Even distribution of yolk
|
isolecithal
|
|
Concentrated yolk
|
telolecithal
|
|
Complete cleavage
|
zygote has the complete division or cleavage
|
|
Incomplete cleavage
|
in some mesolecithal and telolecithal eggs, the yolk slows division so cleavage is primarily restricted to animal pole
|
|
What is a blastula?
|
A hollow ball that is formed after several mitotic divisions of the zygote
|
|
Blastodisc
|
a flattened disc that is formed after several mitotic divisions of the zygote
|
|
Distinctive fate
|
future germ layers that will def happen. Some places have this fate placed on them.
|
|
Gastrulation
|
when the ball of cells invaginates on itself to form the gut
|
|
What happens during gastrulation?
|
Presumptive layers appear and future triploblastic organization begins to form. Epiboly, involution, invagination, blastopore formation, cephalization and bilateral symmetry appears, notochord forms the chordamesoderm. Nerual plate begins to be visible
|
|
Epiboly
|
massive cell division and migration over the surface of the developing embryo
|
|
Involution
|
cells arriving at the blastopore by epiboly roll around and in over the lip of the blastopore an inward migration of cells form inner layers (Crawl in)
|
|
Invagination
|
an infolding or insinking of a layer of cells, a passive movement of cells within the moving layer (like pressing your finger against a tennisball to form an indentation)
|
|
Blastopore
|
future anus in a deutorostome and a new cavity that will form the primitive gut
|
|
Neurulation
|
when the dorsol hollow nerve tube completes, a head forms, and the basic plan is formed—the triploblastic organization is fully formed
|
|
4 important processes in neurulation?
|
Mesodermal layering, extraembryonic membranes, development of the ectodermal placodes, differentiation and migration of the neural crest cells
|
|
Mesodermal layering
|
Chordamesoderm becomes the notochord. The mesoderm along the notochord migrates laterally between the 3 layers into the Dorsal, intermediate, and Lateral “Plate” mesoderm.
|
|
Dorsal Mesoderm divide into?
|
Dermatome, myotome, sclerotome.
|
|
Dermatome
|
connective tissue layers of skin
|
|
Mytotome
|
axial skeletal muscles, appendicular skeleton an dmuscles
|
|
Sclerotome
|
axial skeleton
|
|
What does the intermediate mesoderm form?
|
Kidney, ducts, and reproductive systems
|
|
Lateral plate mesoderm forms what: Outer layer
|
somatic mesoderm
|
|
What will the somatic mesoderm from the lateral plate mesoderm form medially?
|
Body wall muscles, connective tissues of somatic vessels
|
|
What will the somatic mesoderm from the lateral plate mesoderm form laterally?
|
Layers of amnion and chorion
|
|
Lateral plate mesoderm forms what: Inner layer
|
Splanchic mesoderm
|
|
What will the splanchic mesoderm from the lateral plate mesoderm form medially?
|
Smooth muscle and connective tissue linings of gut, viscera, gonads, organs, heart, vessels, peritoneum, blood organs and blood, mesenteries
|
|
What will the splanchic mesoderm from the lateral plate mesoderm form laterally?
|
Allantois and yolk sac
|
|
Amnion
|
you
|
|
Allantois
|
waste sac
|
|
Chorion
|
Cover for you
|
|
What makes up the placenta?
|
Amnion, allantois, and chorion
|
|
What are the structures from the ectodermal placodes
|
nasal, otic, epibranchial, linear surface, optic
|
|
What are the major neural crest derivatives?
|
Trunk and cranial crest
|
|
What are the major trunk crest derivitaves?
|
Pigment cells, odontoblasts, spinal ganglia, autonomic ganglia and peripheral nerve cells and membrantes, adrenal medulla (carotid bodies, thyroid)
|
|
What are the major cranial crest derivitaves?
|
Cranial nerves (5,7,9,10), branchial basket cartilages, odontoblasts, mesenchyme cells
|
|
Mesenchyme cells
|
cells which are the mesodermal repleacement of the new head: many of the cranial ossifications, head dermis, connective tissues of the glands, heart semilunar valves, conus region, walls of aorta and aortic arch derived arteries
|
|
Where does the eye come from
|
a miss mash of origins from the ectoderm, placode, nerectoderm, NC, paraxial, and mesoderm
|
|
Enamel
|
the hardest coating of bone that finds itself on teeth
|
|
Dentine
|
bone produced by layer of inwardly migrating odontoblasts
|
|
Cementum
|
acellular bone gluing dentine to jaw bone w/ collagen fibers
|
|
Pulp
|
internal chamber housing odontoblasts, nerves, vessels and connective tissues
|
|
Ameloblasts
|
make enamel
|
|
Odontoblasts
|
make tooth root
|
|
Development of teeth?
|
NC migrates to the site of dental development. NC induces dental lamina. Odontoblasts form w/in the dental papilla. Deposition of dentin induces formation of ameloblasts in ectoderm. Dentine with centripetal appositional growth (toward interior in layers). Enamel with centrifugal appositional growth (toward exterior in layers). Ameloblasts ware away w/ eruption of tooth. Odontoblasts have some reparative capacity to make additional dentine.
|