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12 Cards in this Set

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  • Back

What are the two categories of memory

RAM (static and dynamic) and ROM

Why does the memory hierarchy exist?

Best performance, lowest cost

Where are small storage elements held?

CPU

Where are is larger main memory accessed?

The data bus

Temporal Locality

If an item is accessed, it will probably be accessed again soon

Spatial Locality

Tendency to access contiguous instructions/data in memory

Where are larger than main memory permanent storage located

Further from the CPU

What is the purpose of Cache memory?

Speed up memory access by storing recently used data closer to the CPU

What are the three Mapping Schemes for Cache Memory?

Direct Mapped, Fully Associative, Set Associative

What is Virtual Memory used for?

Used to increase the available address space fora process by using the hard disk as an extension of RAM.

What is the difference between Virtual Memory and Physical Memory?

Virtual Memory


-Two fields: A page field, and an offset field.


-Page field: determines the page location of the virtual address


-Offset field: indicates the location of the address within the page.




Physical Memory


-Two fields: a page frame field, and an offset field.


– Page frame field: determines the page frame location in main memory

What is the Effective Access time formula?

EAT = (1 – page fault rate) x 2 x main memory access time + page faultrate x page fault penalty