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190 Cards in this Set
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A domain of learning that includes changes in attitudes and the development of values
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affective domain
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the art and science of teaching adults and individuals with some knowledge about a health-related topic
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andragogy
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a theory that approaches the study of learning by concentrating on behaviors that can be observed and measured
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behavioral theory
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a domain of learning that includes memory, recognition, understanding, and application and is divided into a hierarchial classification of behaviors
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cognitive domain
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a theory that maintains that by changing thought patterns and providing information, learners' behavior will change
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cognitive theory
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A theory that approaches learning as an ongoing dialogue. The process of discourse ultimately chagnes thinking and behavior.
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critical theory
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a theory that maintains that learning occurs in context with developmental stages. Readiness to learn depends on the individual's developmental stage.
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developmental theory
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the establishment and arrangment of events to facilitate learning
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education
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educational objectives that have been established to improve the health of citizens of the US
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Healthy People 2010 educational objectives
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a theory that describes the influence that feelings, emotions, and personal relationships have on behavior. If people are given free choice, they will do what is best for them.
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humanistic theory
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the process of gainingh knowledge and skills that lead to behavioral changes
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learning
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geared toward following and assessing the behavior of an individual, family, community, or population over time
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long-term evaluation
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the art and science of teaching children and individuals with little knowledge about a health-related topic
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pedagogy
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a domain of learning that includes the performance of skills that require some degree of neuromuscular coordination
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psychomotor domain
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focuses on identifying behavioral effects of health education programs and determinig whether changes are caused by the educational program
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short-term evaluation
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a theory that builds on the principles of behavioral theory by postulating that behavior is a function of an individual's expectations about the value of an outcome or self-efficacy. If individuals believe that an outcome is desired and attainable, they are more likely to change their behaviors to achieve that goal
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social learning theory
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the set of actions one undertakes on behalf of another while supporting the other's right to self-determination. Public health nurses may do this action for vulnerable populations by working for the passage and implementation of policies that will result in improved public health services for these populations. An example would be when a public health nurse serves on a local coalition for uninsured people and works toward development of a plan for sharing the provision of free or low-cost health care by local health care organizations and providers.
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advocacy
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Used to describe a service given to clients that contains the following activities: screening, assessment, care planning, arranging for, and coordinating service delivery, monitoring, reassessment, evaluation, and discharge. This is a process that enhances continuity and appropriateness of care. Most often used with clients whose health problems are actually or potentially chronic and complex.
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case managment
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health services focusing on more than one health problem or concern
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comprehensive services
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the additive effects of multiple risk factors
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cumulative risks
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people who lack adequate resources that other people may take for granted
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disadvantaged
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sense of social isolation; a feeling of isolation from mainstream society
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disenfranchisement
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income level for a certain family size that the federal government uses to define poverty.
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federal poverty level
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refers to the wide variations in health services and health status among certain population groups.
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health disparities
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the combined human potential of the peopel living in a community
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human capital
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communicating health-related assessment and information in the recipient's primary language when possible and always in a language the recipient can understand.
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linguistically appropriate health care
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lacking resources to meet basic living expenses for food, shelter, clothing, transportation, and medical care.
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poverty
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ability to withstand many forms of stress and deal with several problems simultaneously without developing health problems.
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resilience
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the liklihood that some event or outcome will occur in a given time frame.
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risk
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providing humane care and social supports for the most disadvantaged members of society
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social justices
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results from the interaction of internal and external factors that cause a person to be susceptible to poor health
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vulnerability
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those with increased risk of developing poor health outcomes
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vulnerable populations
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social and economic services provided, either directly or through referrals, in addition to available comprehensive health services. In this way, social and economic services that will help ensure effectiveness of health services are "wrapped around" health services
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wrap-around services
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professional organization for pediatricians that sets policy statements for child health
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american academy of pediatrics (AAP)
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an act passed in 1990 that mandated taht individuals with mental and physical disabilities be brought into the mainstream of american life
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Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
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a school nurse who performs a number of general activities concerning health problems of the children
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case manager
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branch of the US Public Health Service whose primary responsibility is to propose, coordinate, and evaluate changes in the surveillance of disease in the US
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
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a role of a nurse who gives care outside one defined setting
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community outreach
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one who provides professional advice, services, or information
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consultant
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a role of a nurse when mental health support is provided
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counselor
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school staff designated to deal with crises at school
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crisis team
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a role of the nurse giving health care to the ill or injured
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direct caregiver
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physician's order to not medically intervene when death occurs.
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do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order
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procedures to effectively give care in a crisis situation
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emergency plan
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federal program providing comprehensive health care at a site within a school to all including social services, day care, and job training
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full service school-based health centers (FSSBHCs)
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a role of a nurse providing teaching on health topics
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health educator
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plan to decide educational accomodations for disabled children
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individualized education plan (IEP)
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plan to decide health needs of disabled children in schools
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individualized health plan (IHP)
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professional organization for school nurses that sets standards and guidelines for school nurses
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National Association of School Nurses (NASN)
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federal law requiring services for persons with handicaps
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PL 93-112 Section 504 of the Rehabilitation act of 1973
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Federal law requiring education for all children with handicaps
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PL 94-142 Education for All Handicapped Children Act
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Educational services that must be provided for disabled children from birth through age 22 years
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PL 105-17 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
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health promotion and education
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primary prevention
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a role of a nurse to investigate phenomena related to health
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researcher
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federal program to provide education to children about safety
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Safe Kids Campaign
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federal program providing health care, dental care, and mental health care to children and families in schools
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school-based health center (SBHC)
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federal study of CDC-funded school health programs
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School Health Policies and Programs Study 2000 (SHPPS 2000)
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a school healt hprogram run by a community health agency
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school-linked program
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screening and providing health care
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secondary prevention
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procedures to prevent exposure to blood-borne diseases
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standard precautions
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continued long-term health care
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tertiary prevention
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causative factor invading a host through an environment favorable to produce disease, such as biological or chemical
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agent
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all those factors internal and external to the client that influence and are influenced by the host and agent-host interactions
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environment
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the "right-to-know" standard that requires all manufacturing firms to inventory toxic agents, label them, develop information sheets, and educate employees about these agents
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Hazard Communication Standard
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human or animal that provides adequate living conditions for any given infectious agent
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host
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the branch of the US Public Health Service that is responsible for investigating workplace illnesses, accidents, and hazards
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National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
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dangerous processes, conditions, or materials within a work environment that can result in harm to an employee
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occupational health hazards
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questions added to a health assessment that provide data necessary to rule out or confirm job-induced symptoms or illnesses
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occupational health history
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federal agency charged with improving worker health and safety by establishing standards and regulations and by educating workers
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
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influence of work on health shown by statistics on illnesses, injuries, and deaths associated with employment
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work-health interactions
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compensation given to an employee for an injury that occurred while the employee was working
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Workers' Compensation
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an assessment of the workplace conducted by the nurse
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worksite walk-through
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popilation or defined group
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aggregate
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nursing role that facilitates change in client or agency behavior to more readily achieve goals. this role stresses gathering and analyzing facts and implementing programs
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change agent
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nursing role that facilitates change in client or agency behavior to more readily achieve goals. this role includes the activities of serving as an enabler-catalyst, teaching problem-solving skills, and activist advocate.
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change partner
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people and the relationships that emerge among them as they develop and use in common some agencies and institutions and a physical environment
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community
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process of critically thinking about the community and getting to know and understand the community as a client. Help to identify community needs, clarify problems, and identify strengths and resources.
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community assessment
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meeting collective needs by identifying problems and managing interactions within the community and larger society. The goal of community-oriented practice.
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Community Health
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actual or potential difficulties within a target popluation with identifiable causes and consequences in the environment
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community health problem
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resources available to meet a community health need
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community health strength
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a clinical approach in which the nurse and community join in partnership and work together for healthful change
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community-oriented practice
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collaborative decision-making process participated in by community members and professionals
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community partnership
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information kept private, such as between health care provider and client.
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confidentiality
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collection of gathered and generated data
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database
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the process of acquiring existing, readily available data
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data gathering
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the development of data, frequently qualitative rather than numerical, by the data collector
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data generation
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provision of information through formal means, such as criteria, measurment, and statistics, for making rational judgments necessary about outcomes of care
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evaluation
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the end or terminal point toward which intervention efforts are directed
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goals
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carrying out a plan that is based on careful assessment of need
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implementation
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directed conversation with selected members of a community about community members or groups and events; a direct method of assessment
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informant interviews
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the involvement among different groups or organizations within the community that are mutually reliant upon each other
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interdependent
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means or strategies by which objectives are achieved and change is effected
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intervention activities
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a precise behavioral statement of the achievement that will accomplish partial or total realization of a goal; includes the date by which the achievement is expected to be completed
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objectives
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conscious and systematic sharing in the life activities and occasionally in the interests and activities of a group of persons; observational methods of assessment; a direct method of data collection.
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participant observation
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a relationship between individuals, groups, or organizations in which the parties are working together to achieve a joint goal. Often used synonymously with coalitions and alliances, although partnerships usually have focused goals, such as jointly providing a specific program
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partnership
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process of identifying problem correlates and interrelationships and substantiating them with relevant data
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problem analysis
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evaluating problems and establishing priorities according to predetermined criteria
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problem prioritizing
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analysis using previously gathered data
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secondary analysis
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method of assessment in which data from a sample of persons are reported to the data collector
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surveys
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population group for whom healthful change is sought.
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target of practice
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ideas of life, customs, and ways of behaving htat members of a society regard as desirable
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value
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a community assessment, the motorized equivalent of a physical assessment for an individual; the nurse in community health drives through the community collecting data
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windshield survey
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one who works to protect the rights of theclient while supporting the client's responsibility for self-determinization
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advocate
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a health professional who uses data in a systematic way to help identify needs, questions to be addressed, abilities, and available resources
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assessor
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a nurse who works to enhance continuity and provide appropriate care for clients whose health problems are actually or potentially chronic and complex
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case manager
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meeting collective needs by identifying problems and managing behaviors within the community and between the community and the lager society. This definition emphasizes the process dimension but also includes the dimension of status and structure
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community health
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a person who works as a member of a team in a disaster to feed back information to relief workers to facilitate rapid rescue and recovery
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disaster responder
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a nurse who provides information to clients or staff for the purpose of facilitating learning
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educator
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federal level government agencies that develop regulations that implement policies formulated by Congress., provide a significant amount of funding to state and territorial health agencies for public health activities, survey the nation's health status and health needs, set practices and standards, provide expertise that facilitates evidence-based-practice, coordinate public health activities that cross state lines, and support health services research
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federal public health agencies
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the agencies responsible for implementing andenforcing local, state, and federal public health codes and ordinances and providing essential public health programs to a community
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local public health agencies
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a health worker who makes a special, focused effort to find people with the specific health probelms for the purpose of increasing their access to health services
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outreach worker
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a health worker who makes a special, focused effort to find people with specific health problems for the purpose of increasing their access to health services
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outreach worker
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the health care professional who is primarily responsible for providing for health care needs of clinets
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primary caregiver
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organized efforts designed to fulfill society's interest in assuring conditions in which people can be healthy
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public health
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the practice of promoting and protecting the health of populations using knowledge from nursing, social, and public health sciences
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public health nursing
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programs designed with the goal of improving a population's health status
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public health programs
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an agency or source in the community with whom nurses communicate and to which clients are sent for assistance
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referral resource
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a person who is an example of professional or personal behavior for others
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role model
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each of the US states and territories has a single identified official place managed by a state health commissioner.
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state public health agency
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a credentialing process used to recognize health care agencies or educational programs for provision of quality services and programs
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accreditation
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comparing national standards and guidelines with other agencies
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benchmarking
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linking clients with services
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care coordination
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home health nurse and clients working together to give adequate service at home
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care planning
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a mechanism, usually by means of written examination, that provides and indication of professional competence in a specialized area of practice
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certification
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a change in a client health status as a result of care or program implementation
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client outcome
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use of any working agreement, continuously renegotiable and agreed upon by nurse and client
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contracting
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health care services that emphasize health promotion, maintenance, and disease prevention
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distributive care
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curative and restorative aspect of nursing practice
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episodic care
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assisting the client to meet his or her basic needs and providing direct care such as personal hygiene, meal preparation, medication administration, and treatments.
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family caregiving
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insurance companies under contract to the Social Security Administration to pay home care agencies for Medicare- covered ervices rendered to beneficiaries.
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fiscal intermediaries
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palliative system of health care for terminally ill people; takes place in the home with family involvement under the direction and supervision of health professionals, especially the visiting nurse. This takes place in the hospital when severe complications of terminal illness occur or when family becomes exhausted or does not fulfill commitments.
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hospice
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working agreement in which each home health care provider carefully analyzes his or her role in determining the best plan for the client's care.
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interdisciplinary collaboration
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an instrument to collect client data for doing outcome assessments in home health
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outcome and assessment information set
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alleviating symptoms of, meeting the special needs of, and providing comfort for the dying clients and their families by the nurse
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palliative care
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a mechanism whereby medicare will pay home health agencies a set amount of money to care for a client who meets the criteria of 1 of 80 home health resource groups (dx based on severity, functional status, and number of services needed)
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prospective payment system
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in home health care, the review and certification performed at least every 62 days by the health care team; it demonstrates that the client continues to need a specified plan of care
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recertification
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specific statement of law taht relates to and clarifies individual pieces of legislation
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regulation
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the process by which home health care agencies receive payment, either by the client or three major funding sources: medicare, medicaid, and third-party funding sources
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reimbursement system
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care provided to a client that requires the knowledge and skill of a registered nurse
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skilled care
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health information sent from one site to another by electronic communication
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telehealth
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activities for the pirpose of protecting the rights of others while supporting the client's responsibility for self-determination; involves informing, supporting, and affirming a client's self-determination in health care decisions
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advocacy
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ratifying, asserting, or giving strength to the declaratins of self or others
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affirming
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populations or defined groups
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aggregate
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the ability to state one's own needs
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assertiveness
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freedom of action as chosen by an individual
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autonomy
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ethical principle stating that one should do good and prevent or avoid doing harm
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beneficence
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a program or process that established systems and monitors the health status of individuals, families, and/or groups. The program or process develops planning and intervention activities, as well as targeted evealuation outcomes for the client and program.
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care management
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developed by Zander; shows cause and effet and identifies expected client/family and staff behaviors against a timeline. It has four components: index of problems with intermediate and outcome criteria, timeline, critical path, and variance record.
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CareMaps tool
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includes the activities implemented with individual clients in the system. This person builds on the basic functions of the traditional role and adapts new competencies for managing transition from one part of the system to another or to home, wellness and prevention, and multidisciplinary teams.
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case managment
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What degree is required for specialty case managment?
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masters
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mutual sharing and working together to achieve common goals in such a way that all persons or groups are recognized and growth is enhanced
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collaboration
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a process of assisting clients in resolving issues between competing needs and resources
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conflict managment
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a group or body that patronizes, supports, or offers representation
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constituency
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working together or associating with others for common benefit; a common effort
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cooperation
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conscious activity of assembling and directing the work efforts of a group of health providers so that they can function harmoniously in the attainment of the objective of client care
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coordinating
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a planning technique that focuses on activities, best use of time and resources, and estimated time to complete activities. The technique can be used for planning programs or individual client care as it is related to a specific diagnosis.
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critical paths
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a program that provides to consumers, at the point at chich they are deciding how to enter the health care system, information and support access to care. A telephone clinical triage system provides nurses to talk to clients about their presenting problem and provide advice and coordination of care
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demand management
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a proactive treatment approach, focused on a specific diagnosis, that seeks to manage a chronic health condition and minimize acute episodes in a population
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disease managment
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a communication process in which the nurse interprets facts and shares knowledge with clients
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informing
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one who acts on behalf of the client when the client could act for self
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intercessor
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incremental incidents that serve to monitor progress toward outcomes
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intermediate criteria
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ethical principle that claims that equals should be treated equally and those who are unequal should be treated differently according to their differences
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justice
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an obligation one has incurred or might incur through any act or failure to act, or responsibility for conduct falling below a certain standard that is the cause of client injury
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liability
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a role in which the nurse acts to assist parties to understand each other's concerns and to determine their conclusion of the issues. This perosn has no authority to decide on behalf of another
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mediator
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working with others in a formal way to achieve agreement on areas of conflict, using principles of communication, conflict resolution, and assertiveness. Negotiation may be relatively informal, as when two staff members decide which vacation times each will have. It may also be formal- when labor and managment discuss a contract in an unionized environment.
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negotiating
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measurable ends to be achieved based on the problems presented by the client's condition of health or illness
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outcome criteria
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a way to broaden limited thinking that involves restating the problem and expanding the problem statement so that different solutions can be generated.
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problem-purpose-expansion method
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a proces of seeking to find solutions to situations that present difficulty or uncertainty
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problem solving
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an advocacy role in which the nurse partners with the client and promotes the client's rights to make his or her own decision
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promoter
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upholding the client in making decisions about care or entering the health care system
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supporting
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an organized health care delivery approach to do triage and provide advice, counseling, and referral for a client's health problem using phones or computers with cameras. The client is usually in the home, and the nurse is at an office, health care facility, or phone bank location
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telehealth
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landmarks of an episode of health or illness care from initial encounter to the transfer of accountability to the client or another health care agency
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timelines
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a continual process of evaluating the appropriateness, necessity, and efficiency of health service over a period of time. Includes data obtained during preadmission certification, service delivery, and postdischarge periods to determine the extent to which the service meets established guidelines
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use managment
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difference between what is expected and what is occuring with the client
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variance
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a violent physical or verbal attack
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assault
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active forms of maltreatment of children
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child abuse
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This refers to the failure to provide adequate food, clothing, shelter, hygiene, or necessary medical care
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physical neglect
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This refers to the omission of basic nurturing, acceptance, and caring essential for healthy person development
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emotional neglect
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extreme debasement of a person's feelings so that he or she feels inept, uncared for, and worthless
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emotional abuse
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a killing of one human being by another
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homicide
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sexual abuse among family members, typically a parent and a child
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incest
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the failure of a caregiver to provide services that are necessary for the physical and mental health of an individual
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neglect
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child neglect can be composed of both _____ neglect and _____ neglect
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physical and emotional
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a form of family violence against older members. May include neglect and failure to provide adequate food, clothing, shelter, and physical and safety needs; can also include roughness in care and actual violent behavior toward the elderly.
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older adult abuse
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one or more episodes of physical agresion often resulting in serious physical damage to the internal organs, bones, CNS, or sense organs
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physical abuse
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sexual intercourse forced on an unwilling person by threat of bodily injury or loss of life
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rape
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coerced sexual acts ranging from fondling to rape or sexual degradation; can occur to children or adults and be perpetrated by anyone inside or outside the family
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sexual abuse
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physical, emotional, or sexual mistreatment of one's partner or former partner
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spouse abuse
AKA intimate partner violence AKA wife abuse |
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the act or an instance of taking one's own life voluntarily and intentionally
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suicide
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nonaccidental acts, interpersonal or intrapersonal, that result in physical or psychological injury to one or more of the people involved
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violence
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