Community Health Chapter 1

Front 1

What is an aggregate

Back 1

Population group with common characteristics

Front 2

What is community-based nursing

Back 2

Minor acute and chronic care that is comprehensive and coordinated where people work, live, or attend school; illness care provided outside the acute care setting

Front 3

What is community health nursing

Back 3

The use of systematic processes to deliver care to individuals, families, and community groups with a focus on promoting, preserving, protecting, and maintaining health.

Front 4

What is community-oriented nursing

Back 4

Care of a population of individuals, families, and groups, or the community as a whole

Front 5

What is public health nursing

Back 5

population-based practice, defined as a synthesis of nursing and public helath within the context of preventing disease and disability and promoting and protecting the health of the entire community

Front 6

Government’s three core functions in addressing the health of its citizens are

Back 6

1. It assesses healthcare problems
2. Intervenes by developing relevant healthcare policy that provides access to services
3. Ensures the services are delivered and outcomes achieved

Front 7

Ten Great Public Health Achievements in US 1900-1999

Back 7

1. Vaccination
2. Motor vehicle safety
3. Safer workplaces
4. Control of infectious diseases
5. Decline in coronary heart disease and stroke deaths
6. Safer and healthier foods
7. Healthier mothers and babies
8. Family planning
9. Fluoridation of drinking water
10. Recognition of tobacco as a health hazard.

Front 8

Social determinants of health are...

Back 8

social conditions in which people live and work

Front 9

Healthcare disparities are...

Back 9

gaps in health care experienced by one population compared with another

Front 10

What are the differences between medicare and medicaid?

Back 10

o Medicare is for people 65 and up and for people with disabilities
o Medicaid is based on income-eligibility. It is a federal program that is administered by each state
• Eg. New York tends to be a very generous state, vs Texas has much stricter regulations
o One person can be eligible for Medicare and Medicaid simultaneously

Front 11

What is the benefit of PPACA mandating health insurance for all citizens and permanent residents?

Back 11

- Provides funds for preventative measures
- Anybody running a hospital will always get paid for their services
- Bigger pool of healthier people will lower cost of health insurance across the board

Front 12

Three Major Changes in Health Care in the Twenty-first Century

Back 12

1. Development of patient/client-centered care
2. Increased use of technology
- Home monitoring devices: eg glucose finger sticks that transfer information to a nurse immediately, home blood pressure monitoring cuff
- Medical devices that keep people alive forever
3. Increased personal responsibility for health

Front 13

What are components involved in patient/client-centered care

Back 13

- Cultural traditions
- Personal preferences
- Values
- Families
- Lifestyles

Front 14

What is the average number of medical devices introduced each year?

Back 14

32

Front 15

What is Health Information Technology?

Back 15

HIT is comprehensive management of health information and its exchange between consumers, providers, government, and insurers in a secure manner

Front 16

What are the patient/client care benefits of health information technology?

Back 16

o Improved coordination of care
o Support for evidence-based care
o Elimination of paperwork
o Reduced error
o Expand access to affordable care
o Decreased health care costs
o Improved overall health outcomes in both individual people and populations

Front 17

What are the public health benefits of health information technology?

Back 17

o Increased prevention of disease and disability
o Earlier detection of infectious disease outbreaks
o Improved tracking of chronic disease management
• This one is a big deal
o Increased availability of health care evaluation measures
• Registries: so you could see averages of lab values within a specific community (eg the A1C levels of patients with diabetes at Guveneers)
o More accurate assessments of the disease and disability burden in the community

Front 18

What is the Quad Council of Public Health Nursing Organizations?

Back 18

An alliance of four national nursing organizations that address public health nursing issues in the United States, comprised of the following:
- Association of Community Health Nurse Educators
- ANA's Congress on Nursing Practice and Economics
- American Public Health Association (APHA) - Public Health Nursing Station
- Association of State and Territorial Directors of Nursing

Front 19

What are the caregiver responsibilities of a public health nurse?

Back 19

Implement the nursing process in meeting the healthcare needs for individuals, families, groups, and the communities

Front 20

What are the case manager, coordinator responsibilities of a public health nurse?

Back 20

Liaise between clients and the agency or other healthcare systems.
Design a comprehensive plan to meet client needs.
Communicate with other providers about client needs.
Refer clients to community resources necessary to meet their needs
Coordinate and oversee healthcare services and client care given by others

Front 21

What are the advocate responsibilities of a public health nurse?

Back 21

Act on behalf of clients who have lost control of factors that affect their health and a need is unmet. Identify a need. Collect information related to the need. Present options to the client.

Front 22

What is the counselor responsibilities of a public health nurse?

Back 22

Work with clients in using the problem-solving process: identify and clarify the problem, help client identify alternate solutions, establish criteria for client decision-making, evaluate alternative solutions, evaluate outcomes

Front 23

How does the public health nurse work as a collaborator?

Back 23

Communicate with other members of the healthcare team in resolving client needs. Participate in joint decision-making. Evaluate outcomes with other healthcare team members. Engage in community healthcare activities. Foster community collaborative relationships.

Front 24

How does the public health nurse work as a coalition builder?

Back 24

Foster and participate in community-wide alliances to achieve a specific goal. Mobilize community groups as necessary

Front 25

How does a public health nurse work as a policy advocate?

Back 25

Promote beneficial social changes that influence the health of groups and populations.

Front 26

How does the public health nurse work as a culture broker?

Back 26

Mediate or bridge interactions between individuals or groups of people with differing cultural backgrounds. Promote cultural understanding. Assist in the reduciton of cultural conflicts. Provide language interpretations

Front 27

How does the public health nurse work as a case finder?

Back 27

Identify occurrences of specific diseases or conditions as a means of protecting the health of the population. Use epidemiologic investigation techniques to watch for signs of epidemics and evaluate the results.

Front 28

Who is Lemuel Shattuck?

Back 28

He prepared a report for the Massachusettes Sanitary Commission, which recommendations became the foundation of the sanitation movement in the United States, and helped to dramatically increase the life expectancy that occurred in the next 150 years.

Front 29

Who is Dorothea Dix?

Back 29

Best known for her work with people in prisons and mental hospitals.

Front 30

Who is Clara Barton?

Back 30

Distributed supplies to wounded soldiers and caring for the casualties during the Civil War. She lobbied and convinced Congress to ratify the Treaty of Geneva, and the American Red Cross was established with an extended mission -- to provide aid for natural disasters

Front 31

Who is Lillian Ward?

Back 31

She moved into Lower East Side Tenements to provide care for those living there. She also helped establish the Henry Street Settlement that became the Visiting Nurse Association of New York City. She also helped found the Columbia School of Nursing :)

Front 32

Who is Mary Breckinridge?

Back 32

She founded the Frontier Nursing Service in 1925, providing midwifery services to women in remote areas

Front 33

Who was the first nurse to be employed by the USPHS?

Back 33

Pearl McIver. Her primary role was to provide consultation services to state public health departments, which resulted in an increase in local public health nurse employment.

Front 34

What are diagnosis-related groups?

Back 34

Designed to lower costs through reduced hospital stays -- implemented by Medicare