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189 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1. How is fluoride deposited in calcified tissues?
2. How is fluoride released from the body? |
1. -via plasma
2. -it is excreted in the urine |
|
How long does it take for fluoride to clear the body?
|
8-9 hours
|
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Is fluoride stored or excreted in the child? The adult?
|
-child= stored
-adult= excreted |
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What is fluoride balance?
|
fluoride storage efficiency
|
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Where is fluoride absorbed?
|
In the upper GI tract
|
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What is the acute fatal poisoning level in an adult?
|
2.5-5 g of fluoride w/in 2-4 hours
|
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What is the acute fatal poisoning fluoride level in a child?
|
435 mg F in 3 hours
|
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What are adverse effects of fluoride toxicity?
|
gastrointestinal effects = stomach pain, nausea, diarrhea
|
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Who recomended that fluoride concentration in dental health products be limited?
|
ADA
|
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How much fluoride do home products contain?
|
no more than 300mg F
|
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What type of first aid should be administered if too much Fluoride is injested?
|
induce vomiting initially and then have the person ingest material that will bind fluoride such as milk.
|
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How is fluoride application the most effective in caries prevention?
|
in constant low levels
|
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In what stage of tooth erruption is fluoride most effective? (the primary role of fluoride occurs in this stage)
|
the post-erruptive stage
|
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How does the primary role of fluoride in carries prevention work?
|
-enhances the ability to remineralize a lesion
-it is incorporated into dental plaque and relaesed in response to lower pH -inhibits bacterial glycolysis/ metabolism -has a direct bactericidal action on S. mutans |
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What is the secondary role of fluoride and when does it take place?
|
-incorporation of fluoride into developing enamel hydroxyapatite crystals. This reduces enamel solubility in acid
-pre- erruptive stages |
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What are the benefits of fluoride in the saliva?
|
constant bathing of teeth in fluoride allows for remineralization
|
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Where is caries reduction greatest as a result of fluoridation?
|
on free smooth surfaces and proximal surfaces
|
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In the market, where is fluoride mostly found?
|
In toothpaste
|
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How does fluoride help older adult's teeth?
|
in the prevention of root caries
|
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When fluoride toothpaste is used, is caries reduction proportional to the fluoride concentration in the toothpaste?
|
yes
|
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Is MFP fluoride or NaF (neutral sodium fluoride) more efficient in carries prevention?
|
MFP
|
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What problem does acidulated phosphate fluoride in professional products cause and what type of fluoride would be safe to use?
|
-will etch resins and veneers
-neutral sodium fluoride |
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What propery of acidulated phosphate fluoride enhances fluoride uptake?
|
-the acidic environment
|
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What is a benefit of high concentrations of fluoride?
|
it will form a reservoir on the tooth surface that becomes available for remineralization
|
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Fluoride is the main type of modality used in community prevention programs. What type of programs are available?
|
-fluoride varnish programs
-school fluoride mouthrinse programs -fluoride tablets -salt/milk fluoridation -community water fluoridation |
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What is a fluoride varnish and what are advantages of its use?
|
-professionaly applied NaF adhesive
-can remineralize an existing incipient lesion - is not easily ingested- used on small children |
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What is the only toothpaste additive that has been shown to reduce cavities?
|
Fluoride
|
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What is the "into the mouth of babes program?
|
Program that asked physcisians to look into babies mouths.
-do a risk assessment for oral disease (what is put in bottle) -oral screening for disease-DDS referal -application of fluoride varnish -health education for primary caregivers |
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Where are NaF mouthrinse programs used?
Is this cost effective? |
-in areas without water fluoridation
-no, especially when compared with water fluoridtion but is reasonable for high risk groups |
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Is fluoride recommended for preschool children or children living in communities with water fluoridation? Why?
|
-No
-because fluoride is toxic and they might swallow the fluoride, may cause fluorosis |
|
How do dietary fluoride supplements work?
|
-contain naF
-child should chew, swish, swallow naF tablet -primary effect is post erruptive |
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Are prenatal supplements ever recommended?
|
-no, they have not been shown to provide any effect
|
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When would one use salt fluoridation?
Where is it used? |
-if there is no community water you must fluoridate something else
-places with water wells, or little political acceptance of fluoride in the water- Europe, Central and South America |
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Who does milk fluoridation target?
Where is this favored? |
-children
-favored in eastern european countries |
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Where is school water fluoridation provided?
|
drinking water of school in rural areas
|
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Is school water fluoridation advocated by the CDC anymore?
|
No
|
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What are the advantages of school water fluoridation? Disadvantages?
|
Advantage= targets population at risk, reduced decay
Disadvantage= -expensive -began F treatment at age 5-6 -only receive F while in school -higher than normal dose to aid in last comment. |
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What is community water fluoridation?
|
Addition of fluoride to public water supply w/ intent to privent decay
|
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What is water fluoridation?
|
adjustment of the natural fluoride content of water to optimal levels to reduce disease
|
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What is the optomal fluordation level w/ greatest caries reduction & least risk of fluorosis?
|
1.0 ppm
|
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What level of fluoridation is recomended by the World Health Organization?
|
.5-1.0ppm
|
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What country has mandatory fluoridation law?
What countries have banned adding anything to the water? |
-Ireland
-Denmark & Sweden |
|
What type of grant has the CDC provided to fund expertice and water fluoridation?
|
The prevention block grant
|
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What two large US cities are currently nonfluoridated?
|
-Portland, OR
-Honolulu, HI |
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Do most Texans drink fluoridated water?
|
yes
|
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What two cities in Texas are not optimally fluoridated?
|
Texarkana and San Angelo
|
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When did San Antonio get fluoride in their drinking water?
|
August 1, 2002
|
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What is the definition of efficacy?
|
How well the procedure worked under ideal conditions.
-example a study such as a controlled clinical trial |
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What is the definition of effectiveness?
|
the degree of achievement of the intended result under real world conditions.
-example a field trial |
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What is the definition of efficiency?
|
A result expressed in terms of money, time spent or saved
-example: quality of life measures = days of work/school saved because of lack of dental pain |
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What is the justification for a prevention-based approach to oral health care?
|
efficacy, effectiveness, efficiency
|
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What are some of the benefits of community water fluoridation?
|
-provides protection w/out regard to social status
-reduces need/cost for dental fillings -modest cost -decreased abscence from work or school -increase in learning/productivity |
|
What is the halo effect?
|
exposure to fluoride from processed foods and other sources rather than water
|
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Is caries preventive benefits additive?
Will decay increase if fluoride is taken away? |
-Yes, topical Fluoride application + water fluoridation shows a greater decrease in decay
-yes |
|
What did the workshop on cost effectiveness of caries prevention in dental public health ,Ann Arbor MI 1989 establish?
|
water fluoridation is the most effective preventive measure and the least costly
|
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What are some recommendations from the clinician's handbook of preventive services?
|
-asses fluoride exposure and supplement as needed
-counsel pt on dietary impacts -instruct partents to wipe teeth after feeding an limit exposure to bottle in evenings after the first year |
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Is there a mortality difference between fluoridated cities and non-fluoridated cities?
|
no
|
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Can fluoride cause cancer?
|
only if way above optimal levels, affects all sizes and shapes of people equally
|
|
Can fluoride cause osteoporosis?
|
-Not at optimal levels
-Some studies show high doses of Fluoride increase vertebral mass but appendicular skeleton fractures increase |
|
What happened at Hooper Bay, Alaska?
|
-The community was poisoned by fluoride, thought they had the flu
-results= periodoic plant inspections fail safe overfeed devices put into place |
|
Do most brands of bottled water include fluoride?
|
yes
|
|
Do commercial water filtration systems remove fluoride from the water?
Do reverse osnosis filtration systems eliminate fluoride from the water? |
-no
-yes |
|
Has fluoride been shown to cause birth defects of differences in bone density?
|
no
|
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Politically, who approves of the fluoridation of the water?
Has a court ever ruled against water fluoridation? |
-state law or city/municipal mandate
-no |
|
What are some reasons for opposition to water fluoridation?
|
-holistic health approach
-polution of "pure" water -cost -dental disease is no longer a problem -freedom of choice |
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What was the purpose of the CDC's report on the recommendations for using fluoride to prevent and control dental caries in the US
|
to evaluate professional and scientific eveidence by grading the quality of the evidence and assess the strength fo each recommendation
|
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What is fluorosis most likely caused by?
|
multiple and poorly controlled fluoride exposures
|
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What is diet?
What is nutrition? |
-food & drink that passses through the mouth
-absorption and metaboliam of nutrients |
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What is acidogenic food?
|
Any food that contains sugar or other readily available fermentable carbohydrate
-is a necessary cause for decay |
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What is cariogenic food?
|
ability of food to foster caries in human conditions conducive to caries formation
|
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What is fermentable CHO?
|
term used to define sugars and refined starches
|
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How do sugar subsitues reduce the prevalence of S. mutans?
|
they suppress the availability of nutrients (fermentable CHO)
|
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Name two noncariogenic sugar substitutes
|
sorbitol and xylitol
|
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How does xylitol work?
|
-does not lower the pH of plaque to point where demineralization occurs
-xylitol gum can inhibit caries by a decrease in the quantity of supragingival plaque -may promote remineralization and arrest established decay |
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How does sorbitol work?
|
-does not lower the pH of plaque to point where demineralization occurs
-does not promote caries & may help to reverse early demineralization |
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What type of protective foods can decrease the rishk of development of dental caries?
|
-Dairy- reduces the acidity of plaque and the cariogenicity of food
-Phosphates (in animals) -reduction in sugar intake (drinks w/ sugar) |
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How should one counsel people on good food choices?
|
-choosing unrefined CHO
-moderate amounts of protein -reduce consumption of foods high in fat |
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What type of systemic diseases has been causally implicated to perio disease?
|
-Type 2 diabetes
-cardiovascular disease |
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What are some eating disorders that affect oral health?
|
-binge eating
-pica -anorexia -bulemia |
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What are some oral manifestaion sof eating disorders?
|
-enamel erosion-(does not cause change in caries prevalence)
-salivary gland enlargement(parotid) -tooth erosion (loss of vertical demension) |
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How should you handle someone with an eating disorder?
|
-Assesment( look for signs)
-intervention (increase dental visits) -education -referral |
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What is a fissure sealant?
|
a plastic professionally applied material used to occlude the pits and fissures of teeth
|
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What are preventive sealants?
|
applied to at-risk, caries free pits and fissures to prevent caries in community dentistry we focus on these
-can be light cured or chemical cured |
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What are therapeutic sealants?
|
applied to pits and fissures where caries is confined to enamel to arrest progression of incipient lesions
|
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When is the loss of sealants most likely to occur?
Are sealants better retained in older children? |
-in the first six months after placement
-yes |
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Is retention of sealants better in bicuspids or molars,mandibular or maxillary teeth?
|
-bicuspids
-mandibular |
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Can sealants be placed over an incipient lesion?
|
-yes, caries-active lesions become inactive under sealant
|
|
What did the national preventive dentistry demonstration project do?
|
-combined fluoride mouthrinse program with community based sealant program
-showed that dental sealants work |
|
Who is targeted by community sealant programs?
|
-Lower SES
-people with high # of unmet dental needs -people around a shortage of dental professionals |
|
Can trained auxiliaries apply sealants in public health programs in texas?
|
yes- as of last year
|
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What is the definition of cost-effectiveness?
|
the least expensive way, among competing alternatives of meeting a defined objective, targets preventive procedures
- example: sealants to all teeth |
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What is cost-benefit?
|
the ratio of the cost of providing the service to the monetary benefit
-how much money will this save us if we do this procedure -example: sealants only to those teeth with early lesions |
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Are sealants more cost effective in non-fluoridated areas?
|
yes, in non-fluoridated areas there are more lesions to prevent
|
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What teeth are at highest risk for pit and fissure caries?
|
first and second permanent molars
|
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What is the foundation for the Ecological Plaque Hypothesis?
|
Perio prevention should be geared toward plaque control not plaque eradication because it is ubiquitous
|
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What happens to supragingival plaque if it is left undisturbed?
|
becomes subgingival plaque that can be colonized by periodontopathogenic bacteria
|
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What is plaque?
|
Natural biofilm that forms on the tooth surface, consisting of a diverse microbial ecology embedded in a matrix of bacterial/salivary origin
|
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How do you prevent periodontitis?
|
prevent gingivitis
|
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What is the primary prevention of gingivitis?
|
plaque removal,The cause of gingivitis is related to plaque mass
|
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How is subgingival plaque removed?
|
Requires professional intervention to remove it
|
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What is the initial step in destructive periodontal disease?
|
plaque
|
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What starts plaque formation?
What causes the buildup of plaque? |
-microbial adhesion
-microbial multiplication |
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What does Plaque accumulation around the gingival margin leads to?
|
an increase in crevicular fluid
|
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Subgingival plaque microflora shift from predominantly gram-positive aerobes to what?
|
to more gram-negative anaerobes.
|
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What is calculus?
What is subgingival calculus closely associated to? |
-a calcified matrix that can harbor periodontopathogenic bacteria
-both gingivitis and periodontitis. |
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What types of plaque must be removed by a professional?
|
-Subgingival Plaque
-Supragingival Calculus -Subgingival Calculus |
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How often should plaque be removed by an individual?
|
24- 48-hours
|
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Is there a difference in effectiveness of power or manual toothbrushes if the person is normal?
|
-no
|
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What type of brushing technique should children use?
Adults? |
-Scrub technique for patients with limited motor skills (ie. children)
-Modified Bass technique for adults |
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What is the most recognized method of interdental cleaning?
|
-Flossing
|
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What are some examples of interdental floss aids?
|
-Threaders: Patients with FPD
-Floss Holders: Assistance with dexterity -Interdental brushes or Stim-U-Dent are preferred to floss when papillae have diminished and interdental spaces are pronounced |
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What does Chlorhexidine gluconate do to prevent plaque?
|
adheres to residual biofilm and is released over 8-12 hours
|
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What are some characteristics of Chlorhexidine gluconate?
|
-Reduces gingivitis, gingival bleeding, and plaque deposits
-Inhibits formation of supragingival plaque -Does not inhibit formation of subgingival plaque -Can be used in caries control -Effective against S. mutans for patients with elevated levels in saliva |
|
What are Adverse Side Effects of Chlorhexidine gluconate?
|
-Staining of teeth and tooth colored restorations
-Potential for colonization of resistant organisms |
|
What are the uses of Chlorhexidine gluconate?
|
-Improve plaque control following surgery
-Used 3-4 weeks after surgery -Oral hygiene aid for patients with immobilized jaws -Institutionalized patients with limited ability to manage own oral care |
|
Is listereine accepted by ADA as effective antiplaque rinse?
Should you recomend this to alcoholics? |
-yes
-no |
|
How does stannous fluoride's antiplaque properties work?
|
Affects the growth and adherence of bacteria
|
|
What are some examples of anticalculus toothpastes?
What are their action? |
-Pyrophosphates
-Triclosan Action: Adsorbing to the tooth surface -May have anti-inflammatory effect -Prevents plaque deposition -Reduces gingival bleeding |
|
What is the HP 2010 Goal?
|
to Reduce Periodontal Disease
|
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What is the primary focus of community based efforts to reduce periodontal disease on community level?
|
Oral hygiene education and tobacco education
|
|
What art the principal oral cancer risk factors?
|
-Smokeless tobacco (because of the method of use) is key factor in young persons
-Chronic cigarette smoking is a key factor in mature persons -Synergistic effect when used in combination -sunlight exposure and previous cancer experience |
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What is another principal Risk Factors not listed on the other slide?
|
-Low SES- poor, homeless, unemployed
-Underutilization of dental services -Reduced chance of having an early lesion detected and treated |
|
What is the definition of Social responsibility?
|
Broad term encompassing professionalism, personal and professional ethics, and the role of a profession in the context of the greater society.
|
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What do Physicians for social responsibility stand for?
|
They are devoted to nuclear disarmament, violence prevention and environmental health
|
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What do Educators for social responsibility
|
Are concerned about teaching young people develop the convictions and skills needed to shape a safe, sustainable and just world.
|
|
What do Business for social responsibility organizations stand for?
|
Strives to help member companies achieve success in ways that respect ethical values, people, communities and the environment.
|
|
What do Computer Professionals for social responsibility organizations stand for?
|
Provides the public and policymakers with realistic assessments of the power, promise, and problems of information technology.
|
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What is the Societal role of social responsibility include?
|
-The professions obligation to raise the oral health IQ of the community
-Assuring the health and well being of the public -A persons right to health care |
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What are the Special rights and responsibilities of the health care professional based on?
|
-must have Competency- pass clinical tests
-must have Virtues -must have Professionalism |
|
what does the Intensive training and acquired specific skills of the health care professional involve?
|
-Includes technical skills, via certifications, licensing, credentials
-Requires appropriate knowledge and critical judgment and applying knowledge -Most important***- Caring, is the greatest opportunity for professional services and satisfaction |
|
What is professional ethics?
|
-Standards of conduct that distinguish between right and wrong, good and bad, virtue and vice, justice and injustice.
- how we ought to behave -the development of moral behavior |
|
Is oral health care a right or a privilege?
|
-The US constitution does not specifically guarantee a right to health
-Health and access to health care are not so much a legal right but a moral right -Society has not universally accepted this responsibility, this is where we can make a difference |
|
What are Structural barriers?
|
Lack of health care insurance, high out-of-pocket expenses, lack of transportation, language difficulties
|
|
What are Cultural barriers?
|
characteristics of minority groups, such as styles of interaction and expectations
|
|
What is the Pluralistic health care system
|
US system with numerous, distinct health care delivery systems coexisting simultaneously
|
|
What is health care Need?
|
Those services deemed by the health professional to be necessary after a variety of assessment and diagnostic tools and past experiences
|
|
What is health care Demand?
|
The health care services desired by societys perception of what is acceptable and unacceptable in terms of health and aesthetics
|
|
Do males or females get more oral cancer?
|
males
|
|
What are the primary risk factors for oral cancer?
|
-Tobacco Use: Smokeless/Smoking
-Alcohol Consumption -Exposure to Sun (Lip Cancer) |
|
The prevention for current T&A users is to increase cessation. How do you increase cessation?
|
-Increase the price (tax)
-Mass media campaigns -Telephone quit lines- effective when coupled with other measures -Smoking bans -Reduction of cost of nicotine replacement theapies |
|
How would one reduce initiation for future users of T&A?
|
-Increase the price (tax)
-Mass media campaigns- removal of the ash trays |
|
For nonusers of T & A how would one reduce environmental tobacco exposure?
|
-reduce exposure in the home
-smoking bans in public |
|
What do smoking bans lead to?
|
a. Reduced exposure to ETS
-A change in attitudes -Reduced initiation -Reduced consumption -Increased quit attempts -Increased cessation -****Ultimately reduced morbidity and mortality |
|
What are some recomended interventions to increase cessation of T & A
|
-Provider education programs (alone)
-Provider feedback systems |
|
How do Provider Reminders form an Analytic Framework?
|
-Provider knowledge
-Patient smoking status -Advice to quit -Attempts to quit -Quit = decreased morbidity/mortality |
|
How do Prevention of Sales to Minors (T & A) Programs help?
|
-retailer knowledge----retailer perceptions-----retailer behaviors
-Community Norms---enforcement---is the main arm that makes a difference -Youth knowledge---youth perceptions---youth tobacco purchases---other sources may obtain tobacco for youths, this can harm instead of help prevention |
|
What are some guidelines for school health programs to prevent tobacco use and addiction?
|
-Develop and enforce a school policy
-Provide education about short- and long-term effects, both social and physiological -Provide tobacco prevention education in K-12 -Provide program specific training for teachers e. Involve parents/families in support of school based programs |
|
What does the National Spit Tobacco Education Program target?
|
-prevention of starting smokeless tobacco
-targets at risk groups- baseball clubs, 4-H clubs, little league baseball |
|
What is the COMMIT program?
|
Community-based intervention program encourages modification of the social environment to discourage high risk behaviors and attitudes
|
|
What is the major result of COMMIT?
|
Community based interventions are effective for light and moderate smokers
|
|
What does the study ASSIST do?
What is the result of ASSIST? |
-Is a smoking intervention study at the state level
-ASSIST states had lower adult smoking prevalence than non-ASSIST states |
|
What are the 5 A's regarding tobacco use history with all patients?
|
Anticipate, Ask, Advise, Assist, Arrange
|
|
What type of patients are at risk for oral cancer?
|
-the age of 50 years, With a history of tobacco and/or alcohol use
-Men under the age of 50 years, with a history of ST use -Women with a history of tobacco and/or alcohol use |
|
When should you begin to talk to children about smoking?
|
Begin when children are early elementary school age
|
|
What are some Clinical Events to look for at the patient exam?
|
Þ Changes in Soft and Hard Tissue
Þ Leukoplakia Þ Halitosis Þ Tooth Discoloration Þ Abrasion and Wear Þ Gingival Recession Þ Periodontal Involvement Þ Oral Cancer (primary sites |
|
Does smokeless tobacco contribute to oral cancer?
|
yes, Smokeless tobacco use contributes to leukoplakia (precancerous lesion) which becomes malignant in 3-5% of the cases
|
|
What is the principal market for Smokeless tobacco?
|
Adolescent and young adult white males
|
|
What is indicated as the strongest influence in ST use?
|
Peer pressure
|
|
In adults, do blacks or whites use more ST?
What occupation uses the most ST? |
-blacks
-baseball player |
|
What did the Comprehensive Smokeless Tobacco Health Education Act enforce?
|
-Warning labels on smokeless tobacco products
-Prohibition of radio and television advertising -Prevention of sales to minors -Development of health education materials for the public |
|
What is the prevention of smokeless tobacco use based on?
|
Based on public and private prevention
|
|
Who is the target for primary prevention of tobacco use?
|
-Target children to not begin using tobacco.
-Intervene early with those individuals who are at greatest risk for tobacco use= White males of MS or HS age |
|
Who is the target for secondary prevention for tobacco use?
|
-Encourage those who are currently using to stop
|
|
What is the five A list and who is it for?
|
-Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange
-Cessation Protocol for Tobacco Users who are Ready to Quit |
|
What is the five R list and who is it for?
|
-Relevance, Risks, Rewards, Roadblocks, Repetition
-Cessation Protocol for Tobacco Users who are NOT Ready to Quit |
|
What are healthy people 2010 goals for reduction in oral cancer?
|
-50% of oral cancers detected in Stage I
- 20% of individuals report having had an oral cancer screening in past 12 -Reduce tobacco use in adults -Reduce tobacco use in adolescents |
|
What are some strategies to prevent oral injury?
|
-Seatbelt use/legislation
-Child safety seats -Helmet use/legislation -Mouthguard programs |
|
How many states have seatbelt laws?
|
49
|
|
What are primary laws concerning safetybelts?
|
Allows police officer to stop a vehicle solely for not wearing a safety belt (without having other reasons for stopping the vehicle)
|
|
What are secondary laws concerning safetybelts?
|
Police officer may issue a safety belt law citation only if vehicle has been stopped for another violation.
|
|
Do all 50 states have child safety seat regulations?
Is primary or secondary enforcement used? |
-yes
-primary |
|
What are some Child Safety Seat Programs?
|
1.Enhanced Enforcement Campaigns- Combinations of mass media and enforcement with penalties
2.Distribution and Education Programs- Provide free/reduced cost seats with educational program 3.Incentive and Education Program- Provide incentives for use of seats |
|
Do dentists have a legal requirement to report suspected cases of child abuse?
|
yes
|
|
What are different Types of abuse and neglect?
|
-Child abuse (must be reported)
-Spousal/partner abuse -Elder abuse -Dental neglect |
|
What are Potential signs of abuse?
|
-Bruises around the head and neck
-Bruises of multiple colors (indicate multiple stages of healing) -Injuries that are inconsistent with events relayed to provider -Inappropriate clothing for temperature -Unusual shyness, withdrawal, or reaction to an oral procedure |
|
Where do most child abuse injuries occur?
|
in the head and neck region.
|
|
Are abusers most likely to take child to dentist or doctor?
|
-Abusers are more likely to take the child to the DDS than the MD and are more likely to return to the same DDS.
-More often, abusers will NOT return to the same physician or ER. |
|
MISC summary points
|
-dentists need to recognize their roll in overall health care
-dentists need to inform pts of risks of oral injury -only 10% of dentists counsel on smokeless tobacco use behaviors |
|
What is the definition of an underserved popultation
|
Any group of people without access to resources, either human or material, to enhance their quality of life.
-Because demographically diverse, lack of geographic and/or financial access to oral health care, inadequate attention to prevention |
|
What is the definiton of a special needs population?
|
Persons who have difficulty accessing dental services because of complicated medical, physical, social or psychological situations.
|
|
What is the definition of a caregiver?
|
Individual who provides care for the patient on a routine basis
-Could be a parent or family member, direct staff member in a residential care facility, licensed vocational nurse in a nursing home |
|
Why are Dental services available in the institutional setting not always available for special needs patients in the community?
|
-Dental providers are not trained to serve special needs patients
Limited third party payment for delivery of complex services Treatment usually focused on crisis care |
|
Americans for Disabilities Act (1990) requires what?
|
modification of physical space for access and provision of dental services
|
|
What is the leading cause of disability over age 75?
Do 50% of seniors report some level of diability? |
-dementia-Alzheimers Disease, Parkinsons Disease
-yes |
|
Can Dental hygienists practice under general supervision in the nursing home?
|
-yes
|
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What problems do nursing home residents face?
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-Have limited access to dental care
-Lack of awareness among caregivers about the importance of oral health -Under nutrition is a critical problem that effects oral health |
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What type of barriers to care do mentally and emotionally challenged people have?
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-informational
-physical -behavioral |
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What are some issues special populations face?
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-Determination of Legal Guardianship
-Difficulties in Transfer of Patient from Wheelchair. -Turnover of Caregivers -increased Risk for Certain Diseases -Reimbursement |
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What are some prevention considerations for the special needs patient?
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Use of fluoridated toothpaste on a mechanical toothbrush.
Promotion of a healthy diet Consider xylitol gum for patients who can tolerate chewing gum Increase fluoride exposure (varnish applications) Regular dental visits for plaque removal and fluoride application Consider chlorhexidine gluconate rinse |