Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
• Objective theories and interpretive theories overlap when
|
o An explanation of communication leads to further understanding of people’s motivation
o Prediction and value clarification look to the future o Practical theories reform unjust practices |
|
|
• CMM theorists view truth-
|
o As pluralistic, meaning that there are many truths people create
|
|
|
• According to expectancy violations theory, violating another person’s verbal or nonverbal expectation has the best chance of achieving a communication goal when…
|
o When both the violation valence and communicator reward valence are positive and high
|
|
|
• In CMM there is tension between stories lived and stories told because…
|
o Stories told are based on language, not action
|
|
|
• Theories should be informed through…
|
o Interviews, research, and observations
|
|
|
• Symbolic interactionism provides a rationale for the often-discussed idea of self-fulfilling prophecy. What does the term self-fulfilling prophecy describe?
|
o Our expectations of ourselves and others evokes the behaviors we anticipated.
|
|
|
• Clark and delia’s kid-trying-to-persuade-woman-to-keep-the-dog empirical study validated two crucial claims of constructivism. Which was not something the study found?
|
o Kids with low cognitive complexity could be taught skills to achieve high cognitive complexity
|
|
|
• Personal constructs are defined as:
|
o Contrasting features we use to classify people and experiences
|
|
|
• Definition of a theory:
|
o A theory is a set of systematic, informed hunches about the way things work.
|
|
|
• Reframing can cause an effective change if the communicators
|
o Change the conceptual and/or emotional setting
|
|
|
• If a person interrupts his or her partner, he or she is likely using
|
o One-up communication
|
|
|
• Ron and Karen have been married for nine months. Karen has kept a private diary for most of her life; Ron feels like she’s hiding something. They are struggling to manage the internal dialectic called
|
o Openness-closedness
|
|
|
• According to Walther’s study, warmth was communicated in CMC interactions through
|
o Self-disclosure
o Praise o Explicit statements of affection |
|
|
• Factors in developing privacy rules are…
|
o Gender, culture, risk/benefit ratio, context, motivation
|
|
|
• According to the social penetration theory, what is the communication process that partners in a relationship use to become closer?
|
o Mutual self-disclosure
o Mutual vulnerability |
|
|
• As uncertainty is reduced, ______ is decreased.
|
o Information seeking
Verbal communication, liking, and nonverbal warmth are increased |
|
|
• Social Information Processing suggests that computer mediated communication can often create an even more favorable impression than occurs in face-to-face meetings. Which of the following is NOT a reason for this effect known as “hyperpersonal communication”?
|
o Loss of nonverbal context
|
|
|
• What is NOT a motivation to reduce uncertainty when meeting a stranger?
|
o There will be no long-term consequences- embarrassment
|
|
|
• The interactional view focuses on…
|
o Interaction as part of a system
|
|
|
• Relational dialectics states that relationships involve a series of
|
o Contradictions
|
|
|
• I. When others are given access to a person’s private info, they become co-owners of that info.
II. People who come to share information that was originally known only by one of them need to negotiate mutually agreeable privacy rules about telling others. According to Petronio, when statement I. has occurred but statement II. Has not taken place, what is the likely result? |
o Boundary Turbulence
|
|
|
• Social judgment theory suggests that message recipients change their attitude in response to a message in a two stage process. What are the two stages?
|
o 1. Judging where the message falls on his or her cognitive scale
o 2. Adjusting his or her position or anchor toward or away from the position advocated |
|
|
• You want to change my attitude about the requirements for this course by presenting a message that I will process through the central route. You know that I have a high need for cognition and that you have strong arguments. One other condition must be met before the ELM predicts your persuasive effort will be successful. What is it?
|
o I have the mental capacity to process the message and am not distracted.
|
|
|
• If people have high ego-involvement...
|
o Their latitude of rejection is large
|
|
|
• Asking a child to make his bed with no reward except a “thank you” can instill attitude change based on the
|
o Minimal justification hypothesis
|
|
|
• From the functional perspective, interaction that moves the group along by focusing on one of the four requisite stages is labeled _________ communication
|
o Promotive
|
|
|
• Hirokawa notes that a problem in analyzing and categorizing communication from goup members (using FOIC) in the functional perspective of group decition making, is
|
o That a single comment can serve multiple functions
|
|
|
• The central principle of symbolic convergence theory is sharing ______ create symbolic convergence.
|
o Group fantasies
|
|
|
• What is the research tool of Symbolic Convergence Theory that looks for a group’s rhetorical vision?
|
o Fantasy theme analysis
|
|
|
• What is discursive closure?
|
o Suppression of conflict without employees realizing that they are complicit in their own censorship
|
|
|
• The cultural approach to organizations can best be classified as a(n) _______ theory.
|
o Interpretive
|
|
|
• The point of cultural approaches to organizational life is to
|
o Improve understanding of how to function within it
|
|
|
• One of Deetz’s goals with his critical approach to organizations is:
|
o Make a more democratic workplace
|
|
|
• McLuhan believed that people focus on media content and overlook the
|
o Medium
|
|
|
• An _______ is an incomplete version of a formal deductive syllogism
|
o Enthymeme
|
|
|
• According to Barthe’s theory, the signified is…
|
o The meaning people associate with the signifier
|
|
|
• Hall talks about the myth of democratic pluralism, which means
|
o The pretense that society is held together by common norms, including equal opportunity
|
|
|
• Burke believed that humans’ ultimate motivation was
|
o Guilt
|
|
|
• Burke’s goal with the pentad was to
|
o Evaluate the term in a text that seemed to drive the action so the observer could accurately interpret the speaker’s motivations
|
|
|
• Fisher’s narrative paradigm maintains that almost anybody can see
|
o The point and merits of a good story as the basis for belief and action
|
|
|
• Aristotle’s belief that good speakers need to use logic and sound evidence forms his concept of
|
o Logos
|
|
|
• In McLuhan’s Media Map of History, the time of instant communication is
|
o Electronic age
|
|
|
• What is part of Fisher’s “logic of good reasons”?
|
o The values embedded in the message
o The relevance of those values to decisions made o The consequences of adhering to those values |
|
|
• Barthes maintained that every ideological sign in the result of two interconnected sign systems and the first one, or first level, is
|
o Strictly descriptive
|
|
|
• Stuart Hall believes that the main function of mass media is to
|
o Maintain the dominance of those already in power
|
|
|
• Agenda-setting theory suggested that the media aren’t very successful in telling us what to think, but are stunningly successful in telling us…
|
o What to think about
|
|
|
• According to studies related to UGT, a sense of friendship that develops between TV viewers and media personalities is a
|
o Parasocial relationship
|
|
|
• In CAT, what is the difference between convergence and divergence?
|
o Convergence is adapting communication behavior in such a way as to become more similar to the other person. Divergence is changing communication behavior to accentuate their difference from the other person.
|
|
|
• FNT is designed to explain
|
o Cultural differences in response to conflict
|
|
|
• In cultivation theory, the fearful mindset that occurs in heavy television viewers is called:
|
o Mean world syndrome
|
|
|
• The fundamental assumptions of Uses and Gratifications is that a study of how media affect people must take account of the fact that people
|
o Deliberately use media for particular purposes
|
|
|
• Which statement explains the reasons why people “do” convergence or divergence in CAT?
|
o People use convergence because the seek approval or they use divergence to reinforce their strong identification with an outside group
|
|
|
• Ting-Toomey (FNT) thinks that mindfulness is a highly important skill when interacting with people of a different culture. Which statement best reflects what she sees the mindful person doing?
|
o Seeks multiple perspectives or interpretations of the same event
|
|
|
• To what does Philipsen’s term “speech code” refer?
|
o A system of terms, meaning & rules pertaining to communicative conduct.
|
|
|
• Tannen’s “aha” standard refers to
|
o When something Tannen says hits a responsive chord in the readers’ experience
|
|
|
• Kramarae argues that one reason that women are muted is that
|
o The public-private distinction of language keeps them in the private sphere
|
|
|
• The core belief of standpoint theory is that all knowledge is partial because…
|
o It comes from a specific standpoint
|
|
|
• Kramarae claims that women have been a muted group. According to her theory, how do men -intentionally or unintentionally- keep women muted?
|
o Through man-made language and the control over its use in the public sphere
|
|
|
• Standpoint theory suggests that one reason why marginalized people have a “less partial” perspective than those who hold power in society is that those who are marginalized…
|
o Have little reason to defend the status quo
|
|
|
• According to Tannen’s genderlect research, women become frustrated with men because
|
o Men fail to recognize that women want to be listened to more than receive advice
|
|
|
• Standpoint theory is a feminist theory, yet Harding and Wood name three other groups of people that they believe are also marginalized. What are those groups?
|
o Lower socio-economic condition
o Different sexual orientation o Racial minorities |
|
|
• What are the reasons Kramarae gives for what she calls the “unfulfilled promise of the internet” to give women an equal voice with men
|
o Early designers of the internet were almost all men
o Startup costs of getting on the internet were prohibitive to women more than men o Rough and tumble flaming on the internet discourages women |
|
|
• In genderlect theory, men and women differ in terms of listening because
|
o Women interrupt in conversation to show support
|
