Communication Final Exam

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Four Requisite Functions of Functional Perspective on Group Decision Making.

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1.) Problem analysis, 2.) goal setting, 3.) identification of alternatives, 4.) evaluation of positive and negative consequences

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Problems Analysis

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Determining the nature, extent and cause of the problem facing the group

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Goal Setting

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Establishing criteria by which to judge proposed solutions

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Identification of Alternative

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Generation of options to sufficiently solve the problem

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Evaluation of the positive and negative characteristics

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Testing the relative merits of each option against the criteria selected; weighting the benefits and costs

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Ideal Speech Situation

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A discourse on ethical accountability in which discussants represent all who will be affected by the decision, pursue discourse in a spirit of seeking the common good, and are committed to finding universal standards

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Cultural Approach to Organizations

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Corporations have cultures: unique systems of shared meanings. A nonintrusive ethnographic approach to interpret stories, rites, and other symbolism to make sense of corporate culture.

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Culture

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Webs of significance; systems of shared meaning

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Cultural Performance

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Actions that group members do to constitute and reveal their culture

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Ethnography

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often connected to the culture of a group

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Thick Description

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Used in the process of ethnography to reveal the culture; reveals the underlying meaning of what people do.

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Ritual

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Texts that articulate multiple aspects of cultural life, often marking rites of passage and milestones

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Critical Theory of Organizational Communications

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The theory that states communication is more than a transmission of information; managers should include stakeholder participation in decision making.

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Corporate Colonization

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Focus on how corporations take over outside of work culture.

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Information Model

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Communication is a conduit, transferred from one place to another

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Communication Model

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Language is a way that social reality is created and sustained

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Codetermination

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Collaborative decision making

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Managerialism

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Systems in place in an organization that create routine practices

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Discursive Closure

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Suppression of conflict without employees' complicit knowledge. Censoring people's participation.

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Participation

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(Opposition to managerialism) democracy in the workplace; all stakeholders have the opportunity to participate

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Rhetoric of Aristotle

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the art of discovering all available means of persuasion; use of logical, emotional, and ethical proofs; invention, arrangement, style, delivery, and memory.

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Ethos

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Ethical, credibility.

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Logos

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Logic

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Pathos

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Emotions

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Enthymeme

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Syllogism omitting a premise

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Syllogism

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two premises that equate to a conclusion

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Golden Mean

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Ethics in relation to character, focused on moderation; e.g. telling a lie vs brutal honesty

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Dramatism

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using the dramatist pentad to discover the speaker's motive. getting audience identification with the speaker.

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Indentification

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Common ground between a speaker and audience

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Dramatistic Pentad

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A tool used by speakers that includes: Act, Scene, Agent, Agency, and Purpose.

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Cultural Studies Theory

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Corporate controlled media. Maintain the ideology of those already in power.

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Ideology

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Mental framework in what social classes and groups deploy to make sense of how society works

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Democratic pluralism

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myth that society is held together by common norms such as equal opportunity; respect for diversity, one person-one vote, individual rights and rule of law

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Cultural Studies

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Mass media manufactures belief or consent for dominant ideologies. Neo-marxist.

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Economic Determinism

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Society structured by social class.

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Culture industries

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Media industries produce cultures

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Cultivation Theory

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Television developing one's sense of the world; fear; exaggeration

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Cultivation Analysis

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More TV you watch, more you fear the world; research designed to find support for the notion that those who spend more time watching TV are more likely to see the "real world" through TV's lens.

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Accessibility Principle

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Make judgments about the world based on the smallest bits of information that come to mind quickly

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Mainstreaming

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The blurring, blending, and bending process by which heavy TV viewers from disparate groups develop a common outlook through constant exposure to the same images and labels.

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Resonance

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The condition that exits when viewers' real-life environments like the world of TV; these viewers are especially susceptible to TV's cultivating power

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Mean World Syndrome

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Cynical mindset of general mistrust of others subscribed to by heavy TV viewers

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Agenda Setting Theory

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Theory that says that the media tells us what to think and how to think. Their news agenda becomes our agenda

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Agenda Setting Hypothesis

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The mass media have the ability to transfer the salience of issues on their news agenda to the public agenda

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Media Agenda

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The pattern of news coverage across major print and broadcast media as measure by the prominence and length of stories

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Public Agenda

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The most important public issues as measure by public opinion surveys

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Framing

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The selection of a restricted number of thematically related attributes for inclusion on the media agenda when a particular object or issue is discussed

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Face Negotiations

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A style of avoiding conflict in collectivistic cultures to avoid causing others embarrassment, so that they may "save face." In individualistic cultures, one is more concerned with saving their own face.

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Face

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The projected image of one's self in a relational situation

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Facework

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Specific verbal and non-verbal messages that help to maintain and restore face loss, and to uphold and honor face again.

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Face concern

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Regard for self-face, other-face, or mutual-face

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Face Restoration

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The self-concerned facework strategy used to preserve autonomy and defend against loss of personal freedom

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Face giving

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The other-concerned facework strategy used defend and support another person's need for inclusion

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Power distance

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The way a culture deals with status differences and social hierarchies; the degree to which low-power members accept unequal power as natural

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Mindfulness

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Recognizing that things are not always what they seem, and therefore seeking multiple perspectives in conflict situations.

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Genderlect Style

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The theory that says that cross gender communication is cross cultural communication. Men and women's communication is simply different- not unequal.

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Genderlect

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A term suggesting that masculine and feminine styles of discourse are best viewed as two distinct cultural dialects

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Rapport Talk

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Typical conversational style of women, which seeks to establish connection with others; develop rapport with another human.

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Report Talk

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Typical monologic style of men, which seeks to command attention, convey information and win arguments.

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Tag Question

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A short question at the end of a declarative statement, often used by women to soften the sting of potential disagreement or invite open, friendly dialogue.

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Standpoint

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A place from which to critically view the world around us

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Local knowledge

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Knowledge situated in time, place, experience, and relative power, as opposed to knowledge from nowhere that's supposedly value-free

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Strong Objectivity

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The strategy of starting research from the lives of women and other marginalized groups, which upon critical reflection and resistance provides them with a less false view of reality.