Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is Communication?
|
acting upon inforamtion
|
|
What are the Key components of Communication?
|
1) message should be understood
2) Message should achieve their intended effect 3) Take into consideration of thics (sensitive to others) |
|
Human Communication?
|
Is the process of making sense out of the world and sharing that sense with others by creating meaning through verbal and nonverbal messages
Means you make sense out of the experience by talking to other people about what happened and share it with other people through stories |
|
Human Communication?
|
is the process of stimulating meaning in the minds of others using verball and nonverbal messages
ms=mr ms=/=mr |
|
Source?
|
Encoding-sender encodes a message
Encode is to put words into your thoughts |
|
Receiver?
|
Decode-assign meaning to verbal and non verbal messages
This is where ms=/=mr |
|
Channel?
|
Pathway through wich the message was sent
Ex: telephone, emai, face to face |
|
Message?
|
What we said through verbal or nonverbal
|
|
Context?
|
Physical, Historical, and Psychological Environment
The situation in which the communication is occuring (setting) |
|
Feedback Loop?
|
Responding
|
|
Human Communication as Action?
|
Message Transfer
When message is sent to receiver and their is no feedback loop Military example Obeying orders |
|
Human Communication as Interaction?
|
Message Exchange
Introduces the feedback loop with some response There is a plan for the message Doctor and patient relationship |
|
Human Communication as Transaction?
|
Message Creating
Sender and receive simultaneously create message Example of talking to your friends |
|
Communication is inescapable?
|
do it no matter what
|
|
Communication is irreversible?
|
once it has been said t is there can cant be taken back
Ex: character witness |
|
Communication is complicated?
|
we don't always known if MS=MR
ex 6 people conversation between 2 people |
|
Communication is content and relationship oriented?
|
Content what is acutally said relationship the non verbal message that gets in the way of the message
|
|
Communication is gov. by rules?
|
There are rules for communication in the relationship
|
|
A perception is the _____ of your sense
|
Arousal: we attire to it and process what it means
|
|
Our perceptions are influenced by out _____ and ______
|
Self concept: subj description of who you are
Self Esteem: the value that you place on your self concept |
|
What are the 4 ways are self concept is developed?
|
1) Through communication with other people, other people confirm who you think you are
2) through groups who we associate with 3) roles that we assume 4) lables that reflect beliefs attitudes and values |
|
Once our _____ are activated, we being to process them
|
senses
|
|
_____ is in the mind of the receiver. It remains _____ rather than _____
|
Perceptions
Subjective Objective |
|
Our _____ serve as a lens (self-concept/self esteem). The message we send and receive are _____ through this lense
|
Perceptual Processes
Filtered |
|
Stages of Perception: Stage 1
|
Attention and Selection: perceive a stimuli and choose to focus on it
|
|
Stages of Perception: Stage 2
|
Organization: convert the information that you see in convient understandable pattern thart makes sense to you (stereotype)
|
|
Stages of Perception: Stage 3
|
Innterpretation: Attaching meaning to what you organize
|
|
How can we enhance perceptual accuracy?
|
Avoid:
Stereptypes Assuming similarity First impressions |
|
How do you use indirect Perception Checking?
|
Seek out additonal information in a passive manner
|
|
What is the three step process for checking our direct perceptions?
|
1) Describe the behavior -verbal or nonverbal
2) Offter two possible interpretations 3) Requestion clarification |
|
A Language is a system of _____ (words or vocabulary) structured by _____ (rules and standards) and _____ (patterns in the arrangement of words) common to a community of people
|
Symbols
Grammer Syntax |
|
Words have the power to _____ and _____ experience
Words have the power to impact _____ and _____ Words have the power to reflect our _____ and _____ |
create and label
thoughts and actions attitudes and culture |
|
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
|
Language shapes perceptions
Perceptions shape behavior Our thoughts are rooted in and controlled by language the word we use to describe our situation given a perception words can shape our behavior |
|
Denotative means?
|
Resitricture and Literal
Dictionary |
|
Connotative Means?
|
Personal and subjective
Personal Meaning |
|
A word is _____ if we can see it, touch it, smell it, taste it, or hear it. If we cannot the word is _____
|
Concrete
Abstract |
|
_____ messages are more clear; _____ terms are more difficult to understand or agreee upon
|
Concrete
Abstract |
|
Culture?
|
consists of the rules, norms, and values of a group of people that have been learned and shape from one generation to the next
|
|
Symbols derive their meaning from what?
|
The situation in which they are used
|
|
The meaning people attach to symbols are affected by what?
|
Situation
|
|
_____ your own feelings rather than _____ others
|
Describe
Evaluate When you _____ I feel _____ |
|
_____ problems rather than _____ others
|
Solve
Control |
|
Be _____ rather than _____
|
Genuine
manipulative |
|
_____ rahter than remained _____ from others
|
Empathize
Detached |
|
Be _____ rather than _____ toward others
|
Flexible
Rigid |
|
Gutty Sacking?
|
We hold stuff that has happened and then a few months later it comes out
|
|
What is nonverbal communication?
|
Bheavior other than written or spoken language that stimulates meaning for someone
|
|
What are the nonverbal codes?
|
Actual Behaviors/ nonverbal that we use to stimulate meaning
|
|
What are the three nonverbal codes for appearance?
|
1) Artifacts: things we use to decorate our body
2) Dress: Clothes that we choose to wear 3) Body type: shape of our body |
|
What is kinesics?
|
the study of human movements, gestures, and posture
|
|
What are the four nonverbal codes for kinesics?
|
1) Emblems: gesture that has a direct verbal translation
2) illustrator: gesture/body movement that accompanies the verbal message and helps to provide meaning(spiral) 3)Regulators: Gesture that helps control interaction patterns in a conversation (raising your hand) 4) Adaptors: Movement or gesture that helps you satisfy a personal need in a particular situation (restless leg syndrome for when you're bored) |
|
What is the nonverbal codes for eye contact?
|
typically stimulates meaning of trust and liking
|
|
What is the nonverbal code for facial expression?
|
Facial expressions show 6 emotions
|
|
What is the nonverbal code for affect display?
|
Emotionals through areas besides the face
|
|
What is the nonverbal code for haptics?
|
The study of touch
|
|
What is the nonverbal code for vocalics?
|
tone, rate, volume, pitch, back channel cues (uh huh to confirm), response latency (time it takes to respond to a meaning)
|
|
Proxemics?
1) Inimate space 2) Personal space 3) Social space 4) Public space |
1) 0-1.5 ft
2) 1.5-4 ft 3) 4-12 ft 4) 12-beyond ft |
|
How does nonverbal function with substitute?
|
nonverbal implace of the verbal message (emblems)
|
|
How does nonverbal function with accent?
|
Highlight 1 word in a sentence
|
|
How does nonverbal function with repeat?
|
say a verbal message first then follow up with a nonverbal message
|
|
How does nonverbal function with regulate?
|
Nonverbal to control interaction patterns in a conversation (use any codes)
|
|
How does nonverbal function with complement?
|
verbal and nonverbal are done at the same time
|
|
How does nonverbal function with contradict?
|
when verbal and nonverbal messages contradict-always believe the nonverbal
|
|
Theory of Nonverbal expectancy violation?
|
This theory suggest that we develop rules or expectations for appropriate nonverbal behavior and react when those expectations are violated
|
|
What is listening?
|
Complex process of making sense out of what you hear
|
|
What is hearing?
|
Phsyiological process of decoing sounds
|
|
Listening Process: Selecting?
|
To focus on one stimulus amoungst many to compete for your attention
|
|
Listening Process:Attending?
|
Maintain sustained focus to one stimulus
|
|
Listening Process: Understanding?
|
Assigning meaning to that message
|
|
Listening Process: Remembering?
|
Recalling information
|
|
Listening Process: Responding?
|
Respond to confirm our understanding of message
|
|
What are self barries for listening?
|
All the things that we do that causes us to get in our own way
1) Self focus: interal dialogue that you have at any moment 2) Emotional noise: once emotions arouse you cant listen 3) Criticism: Focus on the characteristics of speaker to a point of a distraction |
|
What are information prococessing barries for listening?
|
Focus on the conent of the message
1) Processig rate: you can process info faster than people can speak 2) Information overload 3) Perceiver aphresion: fear of misunderstanding or mis interpreting the message at hand |
|
Context Barriers
|
Freatures of context become barrier within the situation
1) Time and Place 2) External noise: not just things you hear but all the other 5 senses as well |
|
How Should I listen: Stop?
|
Turn off competeing messages and decenter
Decenter means stepping away from your own thoughts and allowing youself to be open to others |
|
How Should I listen: Look?
|
Observe nonverbal cues
Listen between the lines Are the verbal and nonverbal contradicting Maintain eye contect, direct body orientation, and forward lean |
|
How Should I listen: Listen?
|
Mentally summarize details of the message
Work to overcome listening barriers Engage in active listening |
|
How should I respond: Passive versus Active Listeners?
|
Ask Appropriate Question
Paraphrase the content Paraphrase the Emotions Remain Nonverbally Responsive |
|
Intercultural
communication |
occurs when
individuals or groups from different cultures (or co-culture) communicate. |
|
How Does Culture Influence
Communication? |
Our culture and life
experiences determine our “world view”–the lens through which people in a given culture perceive the world around them. |
|
High-Context Cultures?
|
– Rely more explicitly on nonverbal messages
– Communicators rely on the context to interpret messages |
|
Low-Context Cultures?
|
– Rely more explicitly on verbal messages (language)
– Communicators use fewer contextual cues to interpret information |
|
Decentralized Power Cultural Value?
|
– Leadership is not vested in one person;
power is distributed among the people – Decisions are likely to be made by consensus |
|
Centralized Power Cultural Value?
|
– Militaristic approach to power
– Prefer strongly organized, centrally controlled form of government |
|
Individualistic Cultural Value?
|
– Individual recognition
– Self-realization – Tend to be loosely knit socially |
|
Collectivistic Cultural Value?
|
– Group achievement is rewarded
– Strive to accomplish goals for the benefit of the group |
|
Masculine Cultural Value?
|
– A culture that values achievement,
assertiveness, heroism, and traditional male and female roles. |
|
Feminine Cultural Value?
|
– Emphasize building relationships and seeking
peace and harmony with others. |
|
How Does Gender Influence
Communication? |
Sex-Based
Expectations – Start at birth – Gender roles are transmitted via communication |
|
Men tend to communicate from an?
|
instrumental orientation; “me against
the world” view of self and reality. |
|
Women tend to communicate from an?
|
expressive orientation; connecting with
others and constructing relationships and community. |
|
Women tend to:
1) Communicate to connect with_____ 2) Focus more on the _____ of relationships than on information exchange 3) Pay attention to _____ elements of messages 4) Attend to _____ messages, how something is said rather than what |
1) others
2) quality 3) relational 4) nonverbal |
|
Men tend to:
1) Communicate to create or establish _____ 2) Focus more on information exchange than on _____ of relationships 3) Pay attention to _____ elements of messages 4) Attend to messages, what is said rather than how |
1) status
2) quality 3) content 4) verbal |