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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nonverbal Communication
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expresses attitudes/moods about a person, situation, or idea through gestures, facial expressions, body position or movements
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Idea
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something existing in the mind: image/thought, opinion, belief
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Rhetoric
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art/study of public speaking
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Orator
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person who delievers oratory, uses words effecively
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Stereotyping
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labeling every person in a group based on preconceived ideas
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Logical Appeal
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use of sequence, analysis, organization, evidence to prove a point, persuade
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Ethical Appeal
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based on speaker's natural honesty, sincerity, commitment to right/good
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Names for Stage Fright
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communication apprehension, fear of speaking, performance anxiety, speaking phobia
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2 Top Fears/Phobias
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fear of speaking in front of groups, fear of death
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3 Things to Ease Stage Fright
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be prepared, be confident, keep it simple and clear
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Perception
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how one sees things
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Empathy
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understanding of feelings, thoughts, motives of others
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Conviction
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strong belief in message, determination to convey message to audience
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Design Learning Style
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learn by seeing how the big picture fits together
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Emotion Learning Style
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learn by hands-on approach
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Logic Learning Style
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Analyzing facts, using good sense
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4 Pitfalls for Leaders
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1. Being afraid to fail
2. Not paying attention to details 3. Not listening 4. Forgetting people/objectives |
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"Nature had given us one tongue, but two ears." = ?
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Listening > Talking
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Effective listening strategies (EARS)
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Explore
Analyze Review Search |
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Three things to remember people's names
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1. repeat name
2. relate name to something familiar 3. be determined to remember |
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Discriminative Listening
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listening style to single out one particular sound from a noisy environment
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MEGO Syndrome
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"My Eyes Glaze Over"
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Paraphrase
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repeat in one's own words
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Body language when lying? Ultimate internationally-recognized gesture?
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decreased hand activity, increased face touching, stiff/rigid posture, body shifting;
the smile |
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Distance of American's personal space?
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0-18": Personal Bubble
... Public Distance: >6' |
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Gender-specific body language?
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Women: cock head to one side
Men: take up more space, more often to touch others, stare more, turn from each other when talking, eyes wander more |
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Factors necessary for positive group work?
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cohesion, respect, common goal, good seating arrangement
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Six Steps in Dewey's Group Work
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1.Define Problem
2. Establish Criteria 3. Analyze Problem 4. Suggest Possible Solutions 5.Evaluate Each Solution 6. Suggest Ways for Testing/Carrying Out Solution |
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What group member brings up irrelevant topics?
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"Eager Beavers" or "Wisecrackers"
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Symposium
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meeting at which a particular subject is discussed
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Key factor to offering criticism to others?
Important in receiving criticism? |
offer in encouraging way;
receive it as a way to get better |
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Why do companies promote diversity?
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smart for business, legal, increases profits, shows respect
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Protocol
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code/system of conduct
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Etiuette
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conduct/procedure prescribed by custom/authority to be observed
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Professionalism
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seriousness with which you take the job/situation as communicated by appearance, speech, behavior
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Technical Language
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language used in specific professional fields
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What to include in resumes?
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identification, objective/job goal, education/training, work history, personal data, references
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Questions illegal for interviewer to ask?
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religious affiliation, marital status/children, sexual orientation
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Networking
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developing variety of personal contacts that can be tapped for info/tips on job hunting
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Resume
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formal business version of personal inventory
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Canned Interview Responses
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prepared in advance, lack originality/individuality
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Portfolio
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portable case containing sample of best school assignments/other work done
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Key to successfully interviewing someone
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researching background info in advance
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Verbatim
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word for word account of interview
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Open-Ended Question
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encourages comprehensive, in-depth response
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Best source of up-to-date information?
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The Internet
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Drawbacks to using Biographical Reference Works
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don't verify facts, based upon questionnaires
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Plagiarism
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copying/imitating work, passing off as own
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Ghostwriter
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person who writes as another person
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Techniques to begin speech?
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ask question, make reference, make startling statement, give a quotation
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Speech pattern that uses "that, this..."?
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Cause/Effect
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What part of speech clinches argument?
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final statement in conclusion
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Begging the Question
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audience assumes whatever you're trying to prove is true
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Link
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statement in speech introduction, connects attention-getter and thesis
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Speaker's Map
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outline of speech
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Spatial Pattern
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arranges elements on basis of space/situational relationships or grographic relationship
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Climactic Pattern
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arranges elements in order of importance
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Induction
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specific to general
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Deduction
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general to specific
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Analogy
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use familiar to explain unfamiliar
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Generalization
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broad statement of truth based on examples
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Fallacies
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error in reasoning
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Antithesis
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contrasting od ideas, parallel arrangement of words/phrases
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Simile
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compare unlike things using "like"/"as"
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Oxymoron
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place words in opposition beside one another
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Allusion
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reference to well-known thing
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Metaphor
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compares unlike things without "like" or "as"
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Irony
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imply opposite of what they seem to say on the surface
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Hyperbole
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exaggeration
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Connotation
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meaning/feeling associated with word
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Manuscript Method
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write out speech word for word, deliver from lectern
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Extemporaneous Method
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use notes/outline, not memorized
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Volume
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loudness/softness of speaker's voice
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Monotone
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words delivered at same rate/pitch
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Pitch
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vocal notes (high/low)
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Inflection
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tone/pitch to create emphasis
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Articulation
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crispness/distinctness
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Informative Speech needs...
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developed using outline/speaker's map; includes 6 C's: concise, concrete, clear, correct, connect, complete
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Critical part of introduction to an informative speech?
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thesis statement
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Why visual aids important? Examples?
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vision is our dominant sense; ex: pictures, graphs, drawings, cartoons, handouts, PowerPoints
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List some types of informative speeches
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briefing, public lecture, fireside chat, chalk talk
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what does it mean to narrow your speech topic?
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cut topic down to manageable size
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Anecdote
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short story used to illustrate a point
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Uncommitted Audience
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neutral audience
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Indifferent Audience
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non-caring/non-believing/non-motivated
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Persuasive Speech
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speaking that influences others to believe/think something or take action
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Emotional Appeal
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"striking a chord", persuasive technique
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Personal Appeal
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win through honesty, competency, credibility
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United Appeal
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use combination of different appeal techniques
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Pathos
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feelings/emotions: Aristotle's emotional appeal
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Ethos
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character, Aristotle's personal (ethical) appeal
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Speech of Presentation
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used for giving someone gift/award
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Commemorative Speech
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used for an inspiring address that recalls heroic events
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How stupid is this test going to be?
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VERY. : )
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Why does the school district make us take it?
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They enjoy watching our hopes die. : )
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