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233 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who were the first CHN?
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Jesuit priests in New France (Quebec)
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What's the BNA act?
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British North America Act (1867) created Canada.
Saw health as a personal interest that pursue on your own |
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What's the Public Health Act?
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In 1875, the Public Health Act was released to decrease mortality and morbidity rates
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What does the hospital insurance and diagnostic services act provide in terms of funding?
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50:50 between the Gov't and the province, in 1957
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What is the Program Financing act?
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In 1977, 25:75 financing
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What is the Canada Health Act?
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Banned extra billings
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What are the roles of CHN?
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Health promotion
Surveillance Protection Health assessment Emergency preparedness and response |
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What's the act that promoted public health?
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Health protection and promotion act, 1990
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What's the act that promoted hospital health?
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Public hospital act, 1990
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How much money do we spend on healthcare in Canada?
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214.9 billion, or 11% of GDP. This is mostly spent on Hospitals, Drugs, and MD
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What's the goal of Ontario's Action Plan for Health Care?
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Moving away from the hospital to the community.
Health promotion and prevention Family care Right care Better access, quality, and value |
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What's the heirarchy of heatlh care (in terms of government)
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Health: Canada (Federal)
Ministry of Health and Long Term Care (Ontario) LHIN (Regional) Hospitals, community agencies (Local) |
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What does LHIN stand for?
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Local health integration network
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What's the Medical Model of health?
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Health is the absence of disease
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What is the 1974 Lalonde Report?
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Acknowledged that our concept of biomedical health is wrong
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What is the 1986 Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion?
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WHO meeting to promote health
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What is the 1986 Jack Epp's Health for All?
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Health and wellbeing for everyone around the world
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What's the difference between Upstream and Downstream thinking?
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Upstream thinking looks at the cause of why people get health problems
Downstream only seeks to fix the present problem |
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Community Health Promotion Model helps you formulate PISO statements, what is a PISO statement?
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Population
Intervention Setting Outcome |
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Telemedicine helps what population?
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Rural
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What are 5 factors in the marketing process?
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Targeted group ProductPrice Pipeline (distribution, how will they do it?) Promotion (communication, best way to reach targeted audience with appropriate message) |
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What are three primary health concerns in school health?
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Physical activity
Nutrition Sleep |
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Are CHN responsible for epidemiology?
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Yep
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What are three concepts in epidemiology?
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Population at risk
Levels of Prevention Natural life history of disease |
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What are the levels of prevention?
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Primary Prevention - Illness absent, disease absent Secondary Prevention - Illness absent, disease present Tertiary Prevention - Illness present, disease present |
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What's the relationship between marriage and divorce rates?
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Marriage rates declining, divorce rates climbing
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What is the epidemiological triangle?
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Agent (why and how, the pathogen) = Host (who, is being infected)/ Environment (where and when)
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Leading cause of death in canada is?
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Malignant neoplasms
Heart disease |
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Leading cause of death in the world is?
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Heart and Stroke disease
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What is Knowledge Translation (KT)
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Disseminate knowledge to improve the health of Canadians
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Primary Care is to Acute Care Hospitals; as Primary Health care is to
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Public Health
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Public health is responsible for
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Sex education
Food safety Water safety Rabies Health hazards and infection control (west nile) Health promotion Oral health (health smiles for schools) School screening Family health Chronic disease and injury prevention (smoking, nutrition, physical activity) |
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In Public Health what does EPEQ stand for?
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Epidemiology
Planning Evaluation Quality |
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How is the Ontario government trying to rebalance it's 24 billion dollar deficit in health care spending?
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Move more towards community health nursing (recuperates 16 billion by 2030)
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5 ways of viewing the family, what are they?
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Family as a context
Family as a sum of its parts Family subsystem as a client Family as a client Family as component of society |
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How are we trying to help older adults age?
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Implementing Active aging
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Are nurses concerned with environmental health?
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Yep
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Occupation Health and Safety bill ______
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168
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If a population has achieved 90-95% immunity to a disease it's termed h________
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herd immunity
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What are the primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions CHN carry out during an outbreak?
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Primary - education, vaccination, etc
Secondary - Quarantine, isolation, prophylaxis Tertiary - Treatment/compliance, DOT for TB |
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What are the three indigenous groups recognized in Canada?
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Inuit
First Nations Metis |
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What's the newest indigenous group to be recognized in Canada (of the three)
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Metis and non-aboriginals
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Residential schools, good or bad? What act started the assimilation process?
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1876 Indian Act was aimed to assimilate aboriginals. Bad.
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What are health challenges faced by indigenous groups?
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Teen pregnancy, unemployment, high birth rate, smoking, alcohol, suicide, overweight and obesity, alcohol and drug use, and abuse.
High diabetes, homelessness, prostitution, gang, mental illness, high population of missing/murder women unsolved cases |
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Medicine wheel 4 directions are
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North (earth) - wisdom
South (fire) - passion East (Air) - flight West (Water) - emotions For health & wellbeing |
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What are health challenges for the 20% of Canadians that live in rural areas?
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Lower income/education
Higher rates in smoking, obesity, suicide rates, injuries, arthritis, hypertension, circulatory diseases, and diabetes |
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Define: Diversity
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Variety and differences of attributes among, between, and within groups
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Define: Race
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is thought of as an objective biological distinction
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Define: Ethnicity
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A way of describing social identity within a group that is based on a shared history and social structure
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Define: Racism
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A form of discrimination
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Define: Racialization
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Racial context vs Visible minority
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Define: Cultural competence
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has cultural awareness, knowledge, skills, and the willingness to learn from cultural informants
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Define: Cultural safety
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involves nursing actions that empower cultural identity by respecting the culture of the client as determined by them; emphasis on client's experience of safe care (power relationships).
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Three stages to "Psychological Adaptation to Resettlement" are
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Loss and Disruption
Mastery and Grief Resolution Feeling at Home |
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What are the three stages for immigrants?
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Pre-Refugee (Anticipation)
Departure (Seperation) - immediately after arrival) Arrival (Readjustmant) - first 6 months to 13 months |
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How long does settlement/adaptation take place?
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1-2 years - rebuilding lives
4-5 years - joining new groups after 10 years - stability achieved |
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Define: multiculturalism
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The integration of practices, diversity, tolerance, respect for multiple ways of knowing and being, with issues of equity and social justice
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What's the Culture Connections Project?
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Drama education that starts with
Talking to others; accepting others; believing you can make a difference |
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What act entitles convicts to health care?
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Corrections and Conditional Releases Act
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What are some problems with incarcerated inmates?
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Drugs
Alcohol Tobacco TB |
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The Mental Health act does what?
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Protecting both clients with mental illness, and society from pt with mental illness, from harm
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2006 Kirby report does what?
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Hundreds of Canadians shared heartbreaking stories that revealed to the Committee the true state of Canada’s mental health, mental illness and addiction “system." Proving that it's a POS.
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What is the plan implemented to reduce Mental health stigma in Canada?
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Mental Health Strategy for Canada
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1. Which statement about the earliest Canadian visitingnurses is correct?
a) They were employed by local health departments. b) They were employed by provincial health departments. c) They were employed by charitable organizations. d) They were self-employed. |
c) They were employed by charitable organizations.
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2. In 1900, what was the leading cause of death for Canadianadults?
a) cardiovascular disease c) typhoid fever b) tuberculosis d) cancer |
b) tuberculosis
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3. What statement about early Canadian public health nursesworking in urban settings is correct?
a) They worked in specific programs such as childhygiene, TB control, or school inspection. b) They worked in generalist practices delivering a varietyof programs to families living in a specific district oftheir community.c) They provided bedside nursing services to poor familiesliving in the community. d) Their salaries were paid by charitable donations. |
a) They worked in specific programs such as childhygiene, TB control, or school inspection.
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4. What statement about the Victorian Order of Nurses iscorrect?
a) The VON was established to provide nursing care topoor people living in urban areas of Canada. b) The VON has never accepted charitable donations tosupport its programs. c) In many communities, the VON contracted with localand provincial governments to provide public healthnursing services. d) The VON depended on hospital training schools toprepare their nurses for practice in the community. |
c) In many communities, the VON contracted with local and provincial governments to provide public health nursing services.
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5. A careful examination of the American and Canadian defi-nitions of community nursing practice reveals both simi-larities and differences. Which American nurse working inthe community appears to have the role the most similar tothe Canadian home health nurse?
a) public health nurse b) community health nurse c) community-oriented nurse d) community-based nurse |
d) community-based nurse
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1. The organizational attributes that community health nursesidentified as promoting optimal nursing practice included
a) non-governmental organizations’ characteristics. b) having strong and narrow mandates. c) a culture of creativity and responsiveness. d) many individual visions. |
c) a culture of creativity and responsiveness.
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2. Primary care reform has resulted in
a) closing community health centres. b) privatizing nursing services. c) establishing Family Health Teams. d) closing many physician private practices. |
c) establishing Family Health Teams.
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3. CHNs across Canada describe a number of challenges tothem making strong health impacts. These challenges include
a) a decrease in opportunities for formal education. b) an emphasis on acute care which impacts funding forhealth promotion and prevention.c) an increased ability to clearly articulate the contribu-tions of CHNs. d) visible community health nurse leaders. |
b) an emphasis on acute care which impacts funding for health promotion and prevention
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4. Transformational leadership practices, which lead to qual-ity nursing practice and professional development, arebased on a number of contextual factors that determineeffective implementation. Contextual factors include
a) community members making demands for more nurses. b) lifelong learning being promoted and supported. c) relationships within nursing organizations being devel-oped when time permits. d) ensuring employment for nurses is guaranteed. |
b) lifelong learning being promoted and supported.
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5. One of the key limitations of the Canada Health Act is
a) it is not portable from province to province. b) it allows for user fees if certain procedures cost moremoney. c) the focus is on essential hospital and medical services. d) it is not publicly funded. |
c) the focus is on essential hospital and medical services.
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1. The Canadian Community Health Nursing Standards ofPractice were developed to support nursing practice in thecommunity setting. They primarily do this by
a) defining professional expectations and scope of practice. b) describing knowledge, skills, and attitudes.c) supporting professional development initiatives.d ) setting criteria for establishing a community healthcurriculum. |
a) defining professional expectations and scope of practice.
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2. The foundation of nursing practice for CommunityHealth Nurses is based on two major concepts. These are
a) policy development and program planning. b) diversity and inclusiveness. c) health promotion and primary health care. d) partnership and collaboration. |
c) health promotion and primary health care.
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3. Home Health Nurses mainly work on the principle that
a) family support is critical to maintaining client care inthe home. b) holistic assessment and client participation in decisionmaking are key to quality care. c) the client must be kept out of the hospital at all costs. d) lack of long-term sustainable funding for Home Careagencies makes career planning in this area difficult. |
b) holistic assessment and client participation in decisionmaking are key to quality care.
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4. Choose the incorrect description of Primary Health CareNurse Practitioner practice from the following:
a) grounded in nursing b) seen as a second-level physician or physician’s assistant c) works autonomously and as part of an interdisciplinaryteam d) diagnosing, ordering and interpreting diagnostic tests,prescribing medications, and performing specific proce-dures within the legislated scope of practice |
b) seen as a second-level physician or physician’s assistant
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5. One of the most unique features of Public Health Nursingcompared to other community health nursing roles is that
a) work to influence determinants of health is often not asvisible and measurable. b) PHNs often do not wear any distinguishable uniform. c) documentation of interventions can occur in minutes ofmeetings. d) PHNs are not involved in tertiary prevention. |
a) work to influence determinants of health is often not asvisible and measurable.
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6. Community health nursing, with its diversity in practiceroles, has had to adapt to societal trends more than institu-tional nursing because
a) health promotion requires a comprehensive assessmentand engagement of the evolving community. b) technological advances have provided new ways of com-municating with clients and the community. c) emerging infectious diseases are a threat. d) an aging population will require more services of HHNs,NPs, nurse entrepreneurs, etc. |
a) health promotion requires a comprehensive assessment and engagement of the evolving community.
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1. Which of the following actions should the communitynurse engage in to best promote social justice for peoplewho are homeless?
a) Advocate for affordable housing policies with municipaland provincial/territorial governments. b) Provide referrals to homeless shelters. c) Spend equal amounts of time with each client visited. d) Provide food and clothing to clients as needed. |
a) Advocate for affordable housing policies with municipal and provincial/territorial governments.
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2. A CHN discovers that women in a particular part of theprovince receive PAP smears much less frequently than thenational average in Canada. How best can she intervene toensure that access to health services is equitable?
a) Provide health teaching to these women. b) Advocate for better primary health care for women inthis area. c) Ensure that these women are treated with respect whenreceiving health services. d) Discover what barriers these women experience andplan interventions accordingly |
d) Discover what barriers these women experience andplan interventions accordingly
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1. The social function of discourse is to:
a) encourage innovative thinking on a topic. b) shape relations of power though language. c) pattern ideas. d) elicit themes. e) identify thinking. |
b) shape relations of power though language.
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2. The systems view of health is:
a) the health system. b) a system adopted by the medical community.c) a competing discourse to the medical view. d) inadequate when caring for people with heart disease. e) one held by all lay people. |
c) a competing discourse to the medical view.
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3. Research points to the following as key social determinantsof health:
a) genetics, poverty, income, and education levels. b) biology, poverty, place of residence, and education levels. c) pharmacology, income, place of residence, and educa-tion levels. d) poverty, income, place of residence, and education levels. e) poverty, income, and education levels. |
d) poverty, income, place of residence, and education levels.
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4. Nurses can orient their practice to the social determinantsof health by:
a) educating patients/clients about the social determinants of health; participating in reorienting the health system;advocating for healthy public policy. b) educating patients/clients about obesity; participating in reorienting the health system; advocating for healthy public policy. c) participating in reorienting the medical system; advocating for healthy public policy.d) educating patients/clients about the social determinantsof health; participating in reorienting the medical system. e) educating the public about lifestyle risk; participatingin reorienting the health system; advocating for healthypublic policy. |
a) educating patients/clients about the social determinants of health; participating in reorienting the health system;advocating for healthy public policy.
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5. Jolene is a 25-year-old single mother who has just had anew baby. You are a community nurse assigned to do thefirst home visit following the birth of the baby. When youenter the home, you smell cigarette smoke and notice a pileof butts in an ashtray. The mother has a newborn and twotoddlers. You are worried about the impact of second-handsmoke on the children and you decide that because this isan urgent matter, you will begin by:
a) telling Jolene about research that has found that second-hand smoke is a health risk b) offering Jolene a pamphlet on the health effects of second-hand smoke on children c) asking Jolene if she would like information about asmoking cessation program offered in the health unit d) listening while Jolene tells you about her conditions ofliving e) askingJolenehowtheeconomicdownturn is affectingher |
d) listening while Jolene tells you about her conditions ofliving
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1. Which one of the following statements about the 1994Lalonde Report is correct?
a)It was the first time that a national government had made anofficial statement regarding the importance of health pro-motion as a key strategy for improving population health. b) It expanded the concept of “health” to include thenotion of social well-being at the community level. c) It challenged the dominant thinking of the time that ahealthy lifestyle was the key to population health. d) It argued that the focus of health promotion effortsshould be on strategies that would eliminate socialinequalities in health. |
a)It was the first time that a national government had made an official statement regarding the importance of health pro- motion as a key strategy for improving population health.
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2. Which one of the following statements about the OttawaCharter for Health Promotion is correct?
a) It was signed by delegates from 38 countries, includingCanada, in 1974. b) It outlined three central strategies for promoting popula-tion health. c) It emphasized that achieving equity in health was con-sidered to be the main focus of health promotion. d) It identified a healthy lifestyle as one of the essentialprerequisites for health. |
c) It emphasized that achieving equity in health was con- sidered to be the main focus of health promotion.
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3. Which one of the following statements about health promo-tion approaches/strategies is correct?
a) The behavioural approach to health promotion is nolonger popular. b) The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion reflects asocio-environmental perspective. c) The use of the mass media, direct mail, product labels,pamphlets, or posters to communicate a health messageto the public is an example of the Ottawa Charter strat-egy of developing healthy public policy. d) Laws requiring the use of seatbelts or banning smokingin public places are examples of the Ottawa Charterstrategy of developing personal skills. |
b) The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion reflects a socio-environmental perspective.
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4. Which one of the following statements about promotinghealth equity is correct?
a) “Healthy Living” programs that encourage increasedphysical activity among the population as a whole willlikely decrease inequities in health. b) It is not part of the CHN’s role to make decision mak-ers aware of the research on the links between socioeco-nomic factors and inequities in health. c) The term “health inequities” refers to any disparity orinequality in health between population groups. d) CHNs can contribute to the promotion of health equityby monitoring the impact of public policies on families. |
d) CHNs can contribute to the promotion of health equity by monitoring the impact of public policies on families
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5. Which one of the following statements about CHNs’health promotion practices is correct?
a) According to Falk-Rafael’s Critical Caring theory ofpublic health nursing, the PHN’s role is primarily tochange perceptions and attitudes that are viewed as non-health-enhancing and to assist the client to develop,carry out, and evaluate a behaviour-change plan. b) Detailed community assessment that focuses on inter-family and intercommunity themes in health and illnessis an example of a microscopic approach in communityhealth nursing. c) The Canadian Community Health Nursing Standardsof Practice are based on a behavioural perspective ofhealth and health promotion. d) The use of a critical social approach to health promotion by CHNs involves the use of empowering strategies at the personal/individual, interpersonal (smallgroup), community, and policy levels. |
d) The use of a critical social approach to health promotion by CHNs involves the use of empowering strategies at the personal/individual, interpersonal (small group), community, and policy levels.
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1. An outreach team is formed to work with homeless peoplein a community. Using the principles of PHC, which ofthe following is an appropriate intervention for the team?
a) Provide services that are aimed at disease prevention. b) Focus on services that are aimed at health promotion. c) Manage healthcare needs for the individuals. d) Work with other community groups to improve services. |
d) Work with other community groups to improve services.
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2. A group of CHNs using a population health approach toconduct a community assessment are most likely to
a) be trying to reduce inequities in health status betweenpopulation groups. b) avoid developing partnerships with other agencies inthe area. c) be addressing only macro-level or collective factors thatdetermine health. d) be working to treat illness in select groups in thepopulation. |
a) be trying to reduce inequities in health status between population groups.
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3. Identify which of the following descriptions of a projectBEST displays the use of the PHC principle of working incollaboration with other disciplines and sectors:
a) talking with neighbourhood parents to determine howto prevent injuries in the playground b) working with other public health nurses to promote fluvaccination among new Canadians c) surveying workers in a manufacturing plant on theirpreference for different types of smoking cessationmethods d) working with social workers, teachers, and the police toreduce violence in the school playground |
d) working with social workers, teachers, and the police to reduce violence in the school playground
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4. Community development
a) is a process where nurses assess needs, and plan, imple-ment and evaluate actions to improve communities. b) is a process where nurses consult experts in communityplanning in order to identify appropriate actions toimprove health. c) is a process wherein nurses identify priorities and takeaction to improve the health of marginalized populations. d) is a process wherein nurses participate with other com-munity members and groups to identify priorities andtake action to improve factors that influence the healthof communities. |
d) is a process wherein nurses participate with other com-munity members and groups to identify priorities andtake action to improve factors that influence the healthof communities.
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5. Which of the following is not a structural cause ofhomelessness?
a) closure of mental health facilities b) high unemployment rates c) having friends that are homeless d) rising cost of housing |
c) having friends that are homeless
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6. Using an empowering approach would require a CHN to
a) control the environment for the client. b) be rigid and inflexible in order to maintain control. c) create the client’s personal empowerment. d) develop actions with the client’s active participation. |
d) develop actions with the client’s active participation.
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1. Based on his or her conclusions after assessing a client, aCHN has formulated a plan of care. The nurse believesthat through the application of nursing expertise the“correct” plan has been determined. This is an example of
a) stereotyping. c) a useful generalization. b) ethnocentrism. d) cultural competence. |
b) ethnocentrism
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2. A CHN is a member on a committee planning a commu-nity health day. One suggestion is to have healthy foodsrepresenting the diverse cultures within that community.Some committee members express disagreement stating“cultural foods” would perpetuate stereotyping of certaingroups. The nurse realizes that
a) the solution would be to promote total integration of allcultures through assimilation. b) the committee needs to reach unanimous agreement onall suggestions in order to have a successful communityhealth day. c) issues of perception and how people are portrayed arenot inherent in multiculturalism.d) values and beliefs regarding positive expressions ofmulticulturalism are diverse. |
d) values and beliefs regarding positive expressions of multiculturalism are diverse.
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3. A new CHN discovers that a section for racial designationis included in an agency’s client assessment form. The cate-gories are: White, Black, and Asian. The nurse questionsthe usefulness of this racial categorization because
a) the concept of race is not objective and has been usedcreate and sustain subordinate groups. b) the nurse believes that there are more than three racialgroups. c) the nurse is aware that different racial categories areused in the United States. d) the nurse does not know how someone who is biracialwould be categorized. |
a) the concept of race is not objective and has been used create and sustain subordinate groups.
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4. A CHN is working with a newcomer family who is experi-encing language barriers, unemployment, and precarioushousing. Many of the family’s traditions and values fromtheir culture of origin remain helpful. Which statementbest describes the family’s situation?
a) The family’s traditions and values are strengths in a sit-uation currently shared by many Canadians. b) The family is not at risk for poor health because theirtraditions will keep them healthy. c) All values and beliefs from their culture of origin willremain intact after immigration. d) Once family members attend English language trainingthey will successfully adapt to Canadian life. |
a) The family’s traditions and values are strengths in a sit- uation currently shared by many Canadians.
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5. A major difference between cultural competence andcultural safety is that
a) a culturally competent approach explicitly addresses allthe characteristics of culture; a culturally safe approachdoes not. b) a culturally safe approach explicitly addresses all thecharacteristics of culture; a culturally competentapproach does not. c) a culturally competent approach explicitly addressesissues of power; a culturally safe approach does not. d) a culturally safe approach explicitly addresses issues ofpower; a culturally competent approach does not. |
d) a culturally safe approach explicitly addresses issues of power; a culturally
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6. A CHN conducting a community assessment should bedemonstrating
a) a focus on how the community’s culture(s) differ(s)from the culture(s) of the nurse. b) an exclusive focus on the culture(s) of origin of commu-nity members. c) comprehensive and complete knowledge about allcultures in the community prior to starting theassessment. d) awareness of the intersections of the community’scultural values and the social determinants of healththroughout the assessment. |
d) awareness of the intersections of the community’s cultural values and the social determinants of health throughout the assessment.
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1. Statistics that assist the CHN to understand the ultimatethreat (death) to a population from a specific health chal-lenge are
a) morbidity. c) mortality. b) survival. d) stratified prevalence. |
c) mortality.
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2. A group of CHNs want to discover the knowledge and sex-ual activity within the school district. The research designthat they use would most likely be
a) cohort. b) cross sectional. c) case control. d) trial. |
b) cross sectional.
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3. Tuberculosis and STIs are examples of
a) infectious diseases. b) case studies. c) reportable diseases. d) census statistics. |
c) reportable diseases.
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4. Risk is an important concept in epidemiology because
a) different segments of the population respond to stres-sors in different ways. b) it represents the threat of a health challenge to the pro-fessionals working in the population. c) the ultimate goal of a CHN is to remove all sources ofrisk in a population. d) it assists the CHN to understand the survival rates of agiven health challenge. |
a) different segments of the population respond to stres- sors in different ways.
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5. The most important reason that experimental research (tri-als) may be difficult in population healthcare is
a) it is too complicated to get more than one segment ofthe population to participate. b) experimental population health research is very costlyand labour intensive. c) the results take such a long time to achieve that findingfunding is impossible. d) it is often unethical to withhold a helpful treatment orinnovation from one segment of the population. |
d) it is often unethical to withhold a helpful treatment or innovation from one segment of the population.
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1. Which of the following is an example of a source of primarystudies as opposed to pre-appraised evidence?
a) health-evidence.ca b) the Cochrane Library c) Evidence-Based Nursing d) Canadian Nurse e) Clinical Evidence |
d) Canadian Nurse
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2. Which characteristic most influences the design that aresearcher chooses when developing a research proposal?
a) population b) research question c) study outcomes d) sample size e) type of data to be collected |
b) research question
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3. You have a clinical question about the effectiveness ofschool-based interventions to prevent obesity. You findstudies that include all the following designs. In whichdesign would you have the most confidence in the results?
a) randomized controlled trial b) grounded theory c) cohort analytic study d) case-control study e) cross-sectional study |
a) randomized controlled trial
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4. Including drop-outs in the final analysis of any interventionstudy is called:
a) sensitivity analysis b) specificity analysis c) number needed to treat analysis d) intention to treat analysis e) reliability analysis |
d) intention to treat analysis
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1. Which statement is true about viral marketing?
a) It relies on person-to-person electronic communica-tions about a topic that is self-generating—an electronicversion of “word of mouth” communication. b) It is caused by computer viruses that are spread whensearching for information on the Internet. c) It is online marketing of pharmaceuticals for thetreatment of common viruses. d) It is an issue when a site gets overloaded and is unableto cope. |
a) It relies on person-to-person electronic communica- tions about a topic that is self-generating—an electronic version of “word of mouth” communication.
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2. Which are recommended ways to check the quality of the information of a consumer health information website?
a) Run the URL through a website accessibility checker. b) Ignore any sites with a HON code logo. c) Assess the site using the HITI criteria. d) Use the SMOG criteria. |
c) Assess the site using the HITI criteria.
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3. What should nurses consider with respect to educating their clients about the quality of health information on the Internet?
a) Nurses should provide education to the sick about the quality of online health information despite their low Internet use. b) Nurses should not bother providing education to seniors because they generally do not have access to the Internet. c) Nurses should not educate visually disabled individuals because sites are not accessible to them. d) Nurses should encourage their clients to only use gov- ernment websites to ensure that they access quality health information. |
a) Nurses should provide education to the sick about the quality of online health information despite their low Internet use.
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4. Which feature of health information websites is useful to enhance health promotion? a) websites that foster interactivity
b) tailored messages that do not contain self-comparisons c) websites that are written at a Grade 11 reading level d) websites that consist of positive personal testimonials |
a) websites that foster interactivity
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5. Which is correct?
a) The electronic medical record (EMR) can be found in primary care and other clinic settings. b) The electronic patient record (EPR) is found primarily in home care. c) The electronic health record (EHR) (which includes contents from the EPR and EMR) has not yet been implemented in Canada. d) Electronic computer records will be obsolete in favour of microchips embedded in identity cards. |
c) The electronic health record (EHR) (which includes contents from the EPR and EMR) has not yet been implemented in Canada.
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6. Which statement is true about informatics competencies?
a) Although it is useful for community health nurses toapply nursing informatics in practice, there is nonational standard that relates to this topic. b) The Canadian Nursing Informatics Association hasmade specific recommendations concerning basicInternet and computer competencies of nursinggraduates. c) Public Health Informatics competencies have beendeveloped in the United States, but they are aimed onlyat senior-level technical staff. d) Informatics standards are covered in the CommunityNurses Association of Canada Nursing PracticeStandards. |
b) The Canadian Nursing Informatics Association has made specific recommendations concerning basic Internet and computer competencies of nursing graduates.
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1. The first recorded worldwide threat from a communicabledisease, which killed about one-third of the population inEurope in the 13th century, was
a) typhoid. b) tuberculosis. c) bubonic plague. d) leprosy. |
c) bubonic plague.
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2. Which of the following are vital in creating disease data to demonstrate the prevalence and incidence of an emerging infection?
a) healthcare professional awareness b) reporting by the public c) surveillance program d) immunization uptake rates |
c) surveillance program
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3. Communicable diseases are
a) caused by infectious toxins. b) transmitted from a vulnerable person, an animal, or an inanimate source. c) transmitted by indirect exposure to toxic products. d) passed on by infected hosts or with their excretions. |
d) passed on by infected hosts or with their excretions.
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4. Which of the following is accurate regarding influenza and influenza prevention programs?
a) Between 2000 and 4000 Canadians can die of influenza and its complications annually. b) Human influenza is a respiratory infection caused by a coronavirus. c) Influenza is spread by droplets through coughing, sneezing, or singing. d) Vaccination against influenza is routinely given on an annual basis starting at the onset of the influenza season, typically in January. |
c) Influenza is spread by droplets through coughing, sneezing, or singing.
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5. Which of the following vaccines has not been licensed for use in Canada since June 2006?
a) human papillomavirus (HPV) b) pandemic influenza H1N1 c) rotavirus vaccine d) West Nile virus vaccine |
d) West Nile virus vaccine
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6. Which of the following bacteria caused a large community outbreak in Walkerton, Ontario, in 2000, when the town’s water supply became contaminated?
a) Escherichia coli b) listeria monocytogenes c) cryptosporidium d) legionellae |
a) Escherichia coli
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7. Which of the following is a vector-borne disease?
a) rabies b) pertussis c) Lyme disease d) hantavirus |
c) Lyme disease
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1. Which of the following is a population health indicator forcommunity characteristic?
a) number of visible minority population b) patient satisfactory c) exposure to air pollution d) number of low-birth-weight babies |
a) number of visible minority population
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2. Which of the following is the most important social deter- minant of health to allow people to receive various health- care services in the community?
a) transportation b) government and policies c) education d) culture |
a) transportation
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3. The main goal of a population health approach is to
a) eliminate unemployment rates in the community. b) reduce the infant mortality rate in the community. c) mobilize the community to make participatory health- care decisions. d) reduce inequities and maintain and improve the health status of the entire population. |
d) reduce inequities and maintain and improve the health status of the entire population.
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4. There is an increased hospital admission rate for postpartum depression in your community. In order to identify who are the women at risk so that you can provide the needed inter- ventions, which of the following approach would you take?
a) Assess and interview all prenatal and postnatal women. b) Assess and interview prenatal and postnatal women who are at risk for postpartum depression. c) Assess and interview postnatal women after they have been diagnosed for postpartum depression. d) Conduct a focus group for newly diagnosed postpartum women to discuss what services they need. |
b) Assess and interview prenatal and postnatal women who are at risk for postpartum depression.
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5A. Your assigned task is to find out how best to deliver a seamless and integrated home care service system in your community. Who would be your most likely target popu- lation requiring home care services? a) children
c) older adults b) adults d) families |
c) older adults
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5B. Referring to question 5A, which of the following is the best method to gather your community response? a) community survey
b) community forum c) focus group d) census data |
c) focus group
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6. Who is responsible to set population health policies with clear program goals and targets?
a) federal, provincial, and local governments b) local governments c) healthcare providers d) consumers |
a) federal, provincial, and local governments
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7. Which of the following is an example of community development?
a) A community marathon run event to raise money for cancer research b) A food bank program c) A community health survey d) Construction of a sport centre in the community |
a) A community marathon run event to raise money for cancer research
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1. A classic planning–implementation–evaluation cycle
a) is a linear set of eight sequential steps. b) should be completed before obtaining additional inputfrom partners. c) allows for “cycling back” to previous steps in the process. d) should identify the single best alternative to address theissue of concern. |
c) allows for “cycling back” to previous steps in the process.
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2. A logic model
a) is a written summary of what the program is supposed to do. b) demonstrates program interrelationships and linkages. c) should be developed prior to collaboration with academic partners. d) is a guideline that all partners should agree to follow. |
b) demonstrates program interrelationships and linkages.
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3. One component of a suicide prevention program for youth is crisis intervention. An example of a short-term outcome of a suicide prevention program for youth is
a) training youth workers in crisis management. b) reducing suicide rates among youth. c) increasing knowledge of youth workers. d) identifying the target group. |
c) increasing knowledge of youth workers.
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4. Setting priorities is a vital step in the planning process. A guiding principle for priority-setting is a) ensuring that all identified interventions can be implemented.
b) ensuring that key stakeholders understand how and why specific priorities have been selected. c) using objective (measurable) criteria to determine priorities. d) involving the large community in a priority-setting exercise. |
b) ensuring that key stakeholders understand how and why specific priorities have been selected
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5. Buddy systems located in apartment buildings where neighbours check on each other to see if anyone has had an injurious fall are an example of a) an individual level determinant of falls among the elderly.
b) an interpersonal level determinant of falls among the elderly. c) a social environment level determinant of falls among the elderly. d) a community-level determinant of falls among the elderly. |
b) an interpersonal level determinant of falls among the elderly
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5. A public health nurse is developing a program to prevent elementary school-yard injuries. Which of the following strategies is most appropriate for successful implementation?
a) Offer to visit classrooms to teach preventive strategies to the children. b) Involve parents, teachers, and children in program development. c) Ask the school board to replace outdated play structures. d) Initiate a structured program for children during recess. |
b) Involve parents, teachers, and children in program development
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1. Women’s health can best understood as shaped by
a) genetic endowment. b) biology. c) behaviour. d) an interplay of personal and environmental factors. |
d) an interplay of personal and environmental factors.
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2. Mothering, when intertwined with poverty,
a) impacts childhood nutrition. b) cannot be considered a political issue. c) is not a health policy issue. d) is only relevant during the preschool years. |
a) impacts childhood nutrition.
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3. Living with more than one source of material deprivation (i.e., inadequate housing, food insecurity)
a) creates positive birth outcomes. b) does not impact access to prenatal care. c) is not a healthcare issue. d) exacerbates poor health status in pregnancy. |
d) exacerbates poor health status in pregnancy.
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4. Screening for antenatal depression is important because
a) it can enhance postpartum support and access to resources. b) it can prevent postpartum depression. c) it cannot be treated in pregnancy. d) it is unresponsive to non-pharmacological treatment. |
a) it can enhance postpartum support and access to resources.
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5. The most important ingredient in a child’s healthy development is
a) access to material resources. b) genetic predisposition. c) access to health and sustained relationships with caring adults. d) freedom from stress. |
c) access to health and sustained relationships with caring adults.
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6. Toxic stress has a negative effect on child development and children’s long-term health. It affects child development primarily through
a) altering brain structure and function. b) disrupting relationships with adults. c) the resulting physical injuries. d) preventing the development of relationships with other children. |
a) altering brain structure and function.
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7. Which of the following is the CHN’s primary responsibility when child abuse or neglect is suspected?
a) to assess the family structure and function and seek to bolster parental coping mechanisms b) to report the potential incidence of abuse or neglect to the relevant provincial regulatory body c) to question the child about the source of the injury or the extent of the neglect d) to inquire about past incidents of abuse or neglect within the specific family |
b) to report the potential incidence of abuse or neglect to the relevant provincial regulatory body
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1. Family forms encompass which of the following types?
a) nuclear families b) homosexual families c) single parent families d) any combination of two or more persons who arebound together over time by ties of mutual consent,birth, and/or adoption or placement |
d) any combination of two or more persons who are bound together over time by ties of mutual consent, birth, and/or adoption or placement
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2. Which of the following statements regarding Canadian sociodemographic changes is true?
a) Married couples are the majority. b) The population is getting younger. c) Life expectancy is decreasing. d) The number of childless couples is greater than those with children. |
d) The number of childless couples is greater than those with children.
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3. Which of the following nursing actions best describes the CCHN standard of Promoting Health?
a) upholds the duty to report suspected child abuse b) facilitates family access to community resources c) reflects on the potential impact of personal values and beliefs on nurse–family interventions d) offers family commendations e) uses a family assessment framework to assess the family as client |
d) offers family commendations
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4. Which of the following nursing actions best describes the CCHN standard of Building Family Capacity?
a) documents family interventions b) refers the family to appropriate resources c) reflects on the potential impact of personal values and beliefs on nurse–family interventions d) assists the family to identify and build upon family strengths |
d) assists the family to identify and build upon family strengths
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5. Which of the following nursing actions best describes the CCHN standard of Building Relationships?
a) participates in continuing education activities b) refers the family to appropriate resources c) identifies the purpose of the family home visit and collaborates with members to establish goals d) assists the family to identify and build upon family strengths |
c) identifies the purpose of the family home visit and collaborates with members to establish goals
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6. Which of the following nursing actions best describes the CCHN standard of Facilitating Access and Equity?
a) participates in continuing education activities b) researches the resources available in the community and advocates for families c) seeks family feedback regarding goals d) uses principles of family systems nursing to assess the family |
b) researches the resources available in the community and advocates for families
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7. What is the goal of family case management?
a) to control the provision of services to ensure equitable distribution among all families according to need b) to contain costs in accordance with the budget allocated for health services c) to provide a structured care plan to ensure the delivery of quality healthcare according to best practice guidelines d) to facilitate the provision of appropriate resources and services in an efficient manner to meet the needs of clients and families |
d) to facilitate the provision of appropriate resources and services in an efficient manner to meet the needs of clients and families
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1. A new CHN has been assigned to an inner-city secondaryschool and is beginning to gain an understanding of com-mon health concerns in the adolescent population. Whichof the following factors put teens at greatest risk for healthconcerns and early death?
a) poverty, aboriginal status, sporting injuries, exposure toinfectious disease b) Aboriginal status, regular alcohol use, driving to school,poverty c) gender, overweight, out-of-date immunization status,attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) d) smoking, unprotected sex, attention deficit and hyper-activity disorder |
b) Aboriginal status, regular alcohol use, driving to school, poverty
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2. The CHN has been asked to develop a healthy lifestyle program for youth. How would the nurse engage youth in the planning process?
a) Complete a literature review to determine the common needs of youth. b) Arrange a youth-led focus group with potential program participants to identify strengths and areas of need. c) Arrange for youth to rotate the responsibility for chair- ing the meetings. d) Facilitate a forum to discuss youth needs with parents, teachers, and community partners. |
b) Arrange a youth-led focus group with potential program participants to identify strengths and areas of need.
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3. An assessment of the school’s health confirms that bullying is a prominent issue that needs to be addressed. A number of activities are put in place: (1) Classroom teaching of violence prevention curriculum is offered for all grades; (2) The media are invited to a school kick-off assembly where stu- dents will be taught a problem-solving/decision-making model. The assembly invites the school board’s consultant on violence prevention, the local police, and a social worker; (3) A large banner promoting the anti-bullying campaign is unveiled and hung in the hallway. Which of the four components of comprehensive school health are reflected in the above activities?
a) teaching and learning, supportive social environment, health and other support services b) teaching and learning, supportive social environment, health promotion c) health promotion, health and other support services, teaching and learning d) teaching and learning, health and other support ser- vices, healthy physical environment |
d) teaching and learning, health and other support ser- vices, healthy physical environment
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4. Two teachers approach the CHN to discuss their observa- tions of what children are eating at lunch and recess. A large number of students are consuming processed and pre-packaged junk food, minimal fruits and vegetables, and pop; some have no lunch at all. The CHN speaks to other teachers and staff and to a few parents to validate the concern. What sources of information can the CHN access or consult to complete an assessment of the situation?
a) Consult a Community Health Status Report. b) Conduct a formal assessment using key informant interviews, surveys, or focus groups. c) Contact a local business that provides age-appropriate lunches to schools. d) Consult a Public Health Dietitian to provide ideas to improve student nutritional habits. |
b) Conduct a formal assessment using key informant interviews, surveys, or focus groups.
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5. A number of students are reporting incidents of sexual harassment and homophobia in a high school’s corridors. The school’s Health Action Team discusses several ways to address the issue in an effort to prevent this behaviour. Which of the following actions would be the most effective first step in establishing an effective prevention initiative?
a) Act quickly and involve as many people as possible to consider multiple approaches. b) Encourage students to use health services and engage the offenders in group counselling. c) Take considerable time to fully assess those students who are known as homophobic and encourage family and community involvement. d) Implement a poster contest to encourage positive messaging throughout the school. |
a) Act quickly and involve as many people as possible to consider multiple approaches.
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1. A nurse learns that the teenage boys in her community arereluctant to attend the clinic for STI testing. The nurseshould
a) teach the young men the importance of safe sex. b) explore ways to make the clinic more welcoming toyoung men. c) teach the importance of STI testing at the high school. d) focus on providing STI testing services for girls. |
b) explore ways to make the clinic more welcoming to young men.
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2. Which of the following statements is false? a) One’s sex affects one’s gender.
b) Gender and sex are the same. c) Gender is social, sex is biological. d) Gender and sex are made up of many dimensions. |
b) Gender and sex are the same.
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3. In developing an obesity prevention program for young men, a nurse should
a) understand that body image is a women’s issue. b) consider how the issue of obesity may be different for men and women. c) encourage lots of exercise because this is what men like. d) make sure a man leads the program. |
b) consider how the issue of obesity may be different for men and women.
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4. Men may use the health system less than women because
a) they tend to be less ill than women. b) they are more resilient and require less healthcare than women. c) they are more likely to engage in preventive practice. d) they are influenced by societal norms that view help- seeking as a sign of weakness. |
d) they are influenced by societal norms that view help- seeking as a sign of weakness.
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5. In delivering quality care to men and women, a nurse should
a) always assume that because men and women are different they need different healthcare. b) offer separate programs for men and women. c) never assume that men and women are different. d) consider the ways that programs need to be tailored to meet the needs of men and women. |
d) consider the ways that programs need to be tailored to meet the needs of men and women.
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1. Mr. Dennis Ho is a 79-year-old Chinese-speaking gentle-man who is being cared for by his 76-year-old wife.Mr. Ho has been diagnosed with dementia of the Alzheimer’sDisease type (AD). Mr. Ho’s daughter Janis has requested areferral for assessment for community care through thefamily doctor because she believes her mother is experienc-ing caregiver burn-out.As the CHN assigned to carry out a home assessmentvisit, you would give Mrs. Ho
a) memory testing to determine if she is able to under-stand AD. b) a pamphlet that explains in detail how the brain isaffected by AD. c) the phone number of a support group for people withspouses with AD. d) the phone number of a counselor who specializes in AD. |
c) the phone number of a support group for people with spouses with AD.
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2. During the visit Mr. Ho becomes quite angry with the CHN and says that he thinks her many questions are rude. In response to his anger, the CHN should:
a) use a firm tone of voice to establish his or her authority. b) listen and explain why the CHN has come to visit. c) listen and try to identify and summarize his concerns. d) smile, nod, and leave right away after making a follow- up appointment. |
c) listen and try to identify and summarize his concerns.
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3. After completing the assessment, the CHN determines that the Ho family is eligible for a care attendant to assist Mr. Ho with bathing and dressing, and provide Mrs. Ho with some assistance with grocery shopping, meal preparation, and housekeeping. To facilitate acceptance of services, the CHN should:
a) tell the Ho family they need the services to prevent admission to a long-term care facility. b) instruct the Ho family how to schedule the care atten- dant to increase their autonomy. c) telephone Janis to have her schedule the care attendant so she can stay involved. d) collaborate with the Ho family, including Janis, so they are all involved in the decision-making process. |
d) collaborate with the Ho family, including Janis, so they are all involved in the decision-making process.
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4. Mr. Ho begins to experience problems with falling in the bathroom. The CHN should focus her fall risk assessment on:
a) biological factors because the natural aging process and a low body mass are the main reasons for falls in older adults. b) behavioural factors because the CHN should ensure that Mr. Ho eliminates all alcohol and starts using a cane. c) environmental factors because there may be some adap- tations to the bathroom such as installation of grab bars that might decrease risk of falls. d) socioeconomic factors because Mr. Ho is most likely falling because his financial situation is unstable. |
c) environmental factors because there may be some adap- tations to the bathroom such as installation of grab bars that might decrease risk of falls.
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5. Mr. Ho begins to experience wakefulness during the night. Mrs. Ho is worried about this because the wakefulness is accompanied by weight loss and increased irritability dur- ing the day. The CHN should:
a) reassure Mrs. Ho that these are the expected signs and symptoms associated with AD as it progresses. b) ask Mrs. Ho to keep careful records of the number of hours that Mr. Ho sleeps each night. c) tell Mrs. Ho to admit her husband to a nursing home because the sleeplessness will decrease her quality of life. d) assess Mr. Ho for signs and symptoms of depression such as psychomotor slowing, depressed mood, and social withdrawal. |
d) assess Mr. Ho for signs and symptoms of depression such as psychomotor slowing, depressed mood, and social withdrawal.
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1. Lesbians are less likely to have which of the following:
a) mammograms b) Pap tests c) depression screening d) STI screening |
b) Pap tests
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2. Gay youth are more likely to become homeless because of which of the following:
a) eviction from home b) they flee for their safety because of abusive home situations c) arguments with siblings d) they are the victims of emotional abuse |
a) eviction from home
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3. Delaying coming out may lead to which of the following:
a) increased risk of poor health outcomes b) better relationships with peers c) lower self-esteem d) less risk of bullying |
a) increased risk of poor health outcomes
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4. Lesbians are at greater risk of the following diseases:
a) heart disease b) breast and ovarian cancer c) STIs d) suicidal ideation |
b) breast and ovarian cancer
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5. Which of the following may increase satisfaction with care for lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgendered individuals?
a) screening for mental health issues b) use of inclusive forms and language c) a “don’t ask, don’t tell” policy d) routine and universal STI and HIV testing |
b) use of inclusive forms and language
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1. Using a recovery model approach, what interventionwould you suggest?
a) Encourage Jake to attend AA. b) Develop a multidisciplinary team to support Jake inrehabilitation efforts. c) Leave Jake to wander as he pleases. d) Consult with psychiatry to change his medication. |
b) Develop a multidisciplinary team to support Jake in rehabilitation efforts.
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2. Jake has been abusing alcohol since he was 20 years old. He says alcohol helps him to “drown out the voices.” How can you assist Jake with his alcohol abuse behaviours?
a) Tell him he must abstain from alcohol for health reasons. b) Suggest he try meditation. c) Link him to a Co-Occurring Disorder Intervention (CODI) resource. d) Refer him to an AA group. |
c) Link him to a Co-Occurring Disorder Intervention (CODI) resource.
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3. Jake is having difficulty at his residence. The landlord has issued a warning that if there are further complaints about Jake from the other tenants, Jake will be evicted. Jake is concerned and agitated. How can you initially help Jake with this problem?
a) Inform Jake there is a housing shortage and he must behave. b) Ask Jake if he has any relatives in the city. c) Inform Jake of the city shelter mission. d) Ensure Jake’s rights are not being violated due to stigma and discrimination. |
d) Ensure Jake’s rights are not being violated due to stigma and discrimination.
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4. Jake is standing outside the library talking to himself, mutter- ing, and making bizarre facial grimaces. As the CMHN for Jake, you are most concerned Jake is
a) blocking pedestrian traffic. b) embarrassing himself in public. c) decompensating and becoming psychotic. d) requiring removal from the street. |
a) blocking pedestrian traffic.
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5. Jake requires a brief hospitalization, is stabilized on med- ication, and is discharged back to his rooming house. His neighbours and landlord are worried he will not stay on his medication and will become violent. They also feel he is vulnerable, wandering around the neighbourhood. How can the nurse assist Jake to remain well?
a) Inform him that he will be back in the hospital if he does not stay on his meds. b) Tell him that people in his building are afraid of him. c) Suggest an alternative activity for wandering. d) Request a para professional helper to assist him and find a community meal program for him to attend |
d) Request a para professional helper to assist him and find a community meal program for him to attend
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1. Which of the following is the legal term used to describeANY descendants of the people who inhabited Canadaprior to the arrival of Europeans?
a) First Nations person b) Registered Indian c) Aboriginal person d) Status Indian |
c) Aboriginal person
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2. The Indian Act was originally designed to
a) assimilate the First Nations population. b) uphold the treaty obligations of the government. c) create a dependent segment of society. d) protect the land base reserved to status Indians. |
d) protect the land base reserved to status Indians.
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3. Residential schools were initially established by
a) missionaries. b) the federal government. c) the Roman Catholic Church. d) the Church of England. |
a) missionaries
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4. One of the intergenerational impacts of the residential school legacy is lack of parenting skills. Creating parenting programs in the community should follow this principle:
a) Do a literature review and apply the most recent research findings. b) Establish partnerships with respected Elders in the community. c) Create the program and offer it once to test it out. d) Create a poster display outlining the effects on children who lack appropriate parenting. |
b) Establish partnerships with respected Elders in the community
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5. The medicine wheel health belief model encompasses the following human concepts:
a) environment, physical, spiritual, intellectual. b) mind, body, spirit. c) spiritual, physical, emotional, mental. d) nature, stars, animals, humans. |
c) spiritual, physical, emotional, mental.
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1. Heather is a rural home care nurse who has been caring forTom, a 67-year-old man diagnosed with terminal cancer.At one visit, Tom’s wife, Charlene, asks if they can callHeather at her home when she is not on call because theyprefer her as their nurse. If Heather agrees to this situation,she would be compromising
a) ethical standards. b) professional boundaries. c) union standards. d) regional health policies. |
b) professional boundaries.
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2. Mr. Field, a farmer with valvular disease, has just come on to Jane’s caseload. Jane has noticed that many of her home care clients have circulatory conditions. Jane’s experience illustrates that in rural communities
a) circulatory disease mortality rates are the norm in rural areas and cannot be altered. b) circulatory disease mortality rates are higher in rural areas compared to urban areas. c) circulatory disease mortality rates are equally common in rural and urban areas. d) circulatory disease mortality rates are not common in rural areas and Mr. Field is an exception. |
b) circulatory disease mortality rates are higher in rural areas compared to urban areas.
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3. Safety concerns for home care RNs working on-call and driv- ing at night on deserted roads have increased. To address these concerns, the RNs have requested a meeting with the nurse manager and the area administrator. The meeting would be most productive if the discussion reflected: a) professional practice standards. b) professional boundaries. c) principles of teaching and learning. d) community capacity.
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a) professional practice standards.
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4. Anita has been working in the local rural home care unit for a number of years and her family is originally from the com- munity. There isn’t anywhere that Anita goes where someone does not know her. One day she is in the grocery store and is approached by Mrs. Hewett enquiring if it is true that Mrs. Nyl is gravely ill and has been sent home to die. The most appropriate way for Anita to handle this situation is to
a) remind Mrs. Hewett what time visiting hours are at the hospital. b) tell Mrs. Hewett that it is not up to her to provide a patient update. c) tell Mrs. Hewett that to stop bothering her when she is doing her personal errands. d) politely explain to Mrs. Hewett that she is not able to disclose the information and encourage her to contact Mrs. Nyl since they have been close friends for years. |
d) politely explain to Mrs. Hewett that she is not able to disclose the information and encourage her to contact Mrs. Nyl since they have been close friends for years.
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5. Rural community members have
a) higher life expectancies, lower respiratory disease mor- tality rates b) higher life expectancies, higher respiratory disease mor- tality rates c) lower life expectancies, higher respiratory disease mor- tality rates d) lower life expectancies, lower respiratory disease mortal- ity rates |
c) lower life expectancies, higher respiratory disease mor- tality rates
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1. The World Health Organization has developed a frameworkfor categorizing environmental factors. This frameworkcategorizes environmental factors under the headings:
a) Dormancy, Public Health, Sentinel Events, Ecosystem,Environment and Air Quality b) Driving Forces, Pressures, State, Exposure, Effects, Action c) Driving Forces, Population Health, Structure, Elements,Ecosystem, Actions d) Dormancy, Pressures, Status, External, Effects, Actions |
b) Driving Forces, Pressures, State, Exposure, Effects, Action
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2. Which of the following diseases is considered to have a large burden of attributable environmental factors?
a) multiple sclerosis b) radiation sickness c) diarrhoea d) cancer |
c) diarrhoea
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3. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines environ- mental health as
a) healthy rivers, soil, and ecosystems. b) all aspects of human health, disease, and injury that are determined by factors in the environment. c) all aspects of animal health, disease, and injury that are determined by factors in the environment. d) low levels of harmful agents in the environment. |
b) all aspects of human health, disease, and injury that are determined by factors in the environment
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4. An example of a Driving Force in the DPSEEA frame- work would be
a) indoor air pollution. b) water quality. c) occupational exposures. d) population growth. |
d) population growth.
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5. Excessive noise exposure in the environment would be an example of exposure to what type of environmental factor?
a) chemical factor b) physical factor c) biological factor d) psychological factor e) ergonomic factor |
b) physical factor
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6. Which of the following is considered a common route of entry for environmental factors into the body?
a) radiation b) diffusion c) inhalation d) convection |
c) inhalation
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7. The process of making risk assessment and risk manage- ment information comprehensible and taking steps to dis- tribute that information is known as
a) a press conference. b) an editorial. c) risk communication. d) knowledge dissemination. |
c) risk communication.
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8. Examples of strategies to control exposure to environmen- tal factors include:
a) Look, Listen, Feel. b) Engineering, Administrative, and Personal Protective Equipment. c) Driving Forces, Pressures, State, Action. d) Internal, External, Combined. |
b) Engineering, Administrative, and Personal Protective Equipment.
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9. The branch of nursing dealing with health, safety, treat- ment, care, and prevention of illness and injury in the workplace setting is known as
a) Environmental Health Nursing. b) Community Nursing. c) Occupational Health Nursing. d) Clinical Nursing. |
c) Occupational Health Nursing
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1. Responsibility for health services for individuals who havecome into conflict with the law in Canada fall under thejurisdiction of the
a) Canada Health Act. b) Corrections and Conditional Release Act. c) Provincial or Territorial Mental Health Act. d) Canadian Public Health Act. |
b) Corrections and Conditional Release Act
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2. In the Canadian correctional population the precise preva- lence of infectious diseases such as HIV, HVB, and HVC is not known because
a) authorities do not have the resources to screen upon admission. b) testing for infectious diseases is on a voluntary basis only. c) authorities do not want individuals to be stigmatized as a result of testing. d) harm reduction strategies are not in place in all institutions. |
b) testing for infectious diseases is on a voluntary basis only.
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3. Safety and security are major concerns in controlled envi- ronments, and security awareness training prepares nurses to work with both the static and dynamic security systems. Dynamic security systems are best described as
a) policies, staffing patterns, and methods of operation. b) video monitoring, locked units, security personnel. c) security orientation, key control, personal portable alarms. d) monitoring contraband, perimeter fences, locked doors. |
a) policies, staffing patterns, and methods of operation
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4. Maggie, an RN who works on a sex offender treatment unit views prevention as integral to her correctional nursing role. An example of her role in primary prevention is
a) conducting a relapse prevention group for the clients in the sexual offender treatment program. b) developing a medication management program for the clients also diagnosed with a mental disorder. c) applying principles of crisis intervention following any suicide attempts made during treatment. d) participating in a community-based committee whose focus is interpersonal violence. |
d) participating in a community-based committee whose focus is interpersonal violence.
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5. Mr. Martino, 65 years of age, is found guilty of commit- ting manslaughter and sentenced to 10 years in a federal penitentiary. Shortly after his transfer to Saskatchewan Penitentiary, he is diagnosed with cancer of the liver. His physical health deteriorates very quickly, and the treatment team recommends that he be transferred to a long-term care facility. In Canada application would be made for a) probation. c) clemency. b) medical leave. d) parole by exception.
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d) parole by exception.
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1. For prevention of violence strategies to be possible, com-munity health nurses need to learn about violence in soci-eties and work to decrease barriers to effective healthcarefor those who are socially isolated, marginalized, and/or atrisk to violence in their lives. Which one of the following isa significant barrier for community health nurses?
a) Professional healthcare preparation b) Cultural and language barriers c) Lack of institutional support for healthcare careproviders in assessing for violence. d) Awareness of pervasiveness of violence locally, nationally,and globally |
a) Professional healthcare preparation
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2. Canada is one of the most culturally diverse countries in the world, yet there is a lack of specific data addressing dif- fering experiences of violence. One of the major implica- tions of this lack of specific data about violence
a) specific healthcare needs are overlooked. b) cultural safety is not built into assessment, intervention, and prevention of violence strategies. c) difficulties in defining violence. d) frequency of reporting violence may be reduced. |
a) specific healthcare needs are overlooked.
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3. When CHNs connect individual experiences of violence with the social, cultural, economic, environmental, and political contexts, it makes violence public and political. Therefore, it is important to include which one of the fol- lowing in political action strategies:
a) Aim strategies at the individual level rather than the col- lective level. b) Build connections with your local members of parlia- ment. c) Work primarily with healthcare professionals to name and solve violence. d) Take a stand with diverse, socially isolated, marginal- ized, and at-risk populations. |
d) Take a stand with diverse, socially isolated, marginal- ized, and at-risk populations
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4. When CHNs assess for violence, which of the following is essential?
a) attitude of the CHN b) respect for the individual the nurse is assessing c) the safety of the individual being assessed d) confidentiality |
c) the safety of the individual being assessed
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5. CHNs are encouraged to use theory to inform their prac- tice. Which one of the following theoretical frameworks would be best to guide nurses’ practice in relation to vio- lence?
a) empowerment b) critical social theory c) cultural safety d) intersectional theory |
b) critical social theory
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1. Poverty is a social condition often considered as predeter-mining for homelessness. As a CHN, you would like tocompile statistics on the homeless population you workwith so that you can compare your population to that ofCanada as a whole. What measure would you use in orderto achieve the most impact for people who create policyrelated to affordable housing?
a) market basket beasure (MBM) b) low-income cut-offs (LICO) c) low-income measures (LIM) d) use an independent measure because the others are notaccurate |
b) low-income cut-offs (LICO)
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2. Mrs. Bennett, 35-year-old mother of two, brings her youngest child in for complaints of ringing ears and a headache that has gotten worse over two days. The chil- dren appear thin for their age and Mrs. Bennett is thin and very pale. A full assessment is done for child and mother. You find out that Mrs. Bennett is a single, working mother who earns minimum wage and often has difficulty paying for rent and groceries. What services might you, as a CHN, suggest to best assist this family?
a) Suggest they seek placement on an affordable housing list. b) Suggest they apply for government support. c) Suggest that the children be placed in a school with a breakfast and lunch program. d) Give the family information on how to access the community food bank. |
d) Give the family information on how to access the community food bank.
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3. Charlie informs you that he has not had a physical exami- nation in over 5 years, and that he rarely visits a healthcare provider. What should you do to provide Charlie with optimum care?
a) Call Charlie’s family and ask that they let him stay with them. b) Assess Charlie for any immediate health concerns and give him pamphlets including Canada’s food guide, Par- ticipaction recommendations, and “how to dispose of prescriptions safely” when he leaves as a way to prevent future health troubles. c) Encourage Charlie to return to the walk-in clinic every six months for a check-up, and any time he does not feel well. d) Perform a head-to-toe assessment and refer Charlie to a physician at a hospital emergency department five blocks away. |
c) Encourage Charlie to return to the walk-in clinic every six months for a check-up, and any time he does not feel well.
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4. Charlie tells you that during the winter he tries to sleep in shelters or churches, and that during warmer nights he sleeps in parks or bus stop shelters. What category of homelessness does Charlie fit into?
a) episodic b) situational c) seasonal d) absolute |
d) absolute
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5. Charlie confides in you that he has had multiple sexual partners, and uses a condom occasionally. Your priority goal in meeting his needs at this time would include ensur- ing that he
a) understands the risks of multiple partners. b) knows how to access free condoms. c) gets regular testing for HIV. d) understands his own sexual preferences |
b) knows how to access free condoms.
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1. The most prevalent psychoactive substances in Canada are
a) alcohol and injectable drugs. b) tobacco and cannabis. c) opioid prescriptions and alcohol. d) tobacco, alcohol and cannabis. |
d) tobacco, alcohol and cannabis.
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2. People use drugs for different reasons. Which of the fol- lowing reasons would have the most relevance for discus- sion during an education session with a young group of pre-adolescents?
a) relieve stress and tension b) resolve physical discomforts c) boost self-confidence, imitate adults, wanting peer acceptance d) reduce insomnia |
c) boost self-confidence, imitate adults, wanting peer acceptance
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3. Which of the following is a harm reduction intervention?
a) drug testing at work b) the availability of low or “light” alcohol beverages c) a zero tolerance drug use school policy d) refusal skills and abstinence training for teens |
b) the availability of low or “light” alcohol beverages
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4. Which of the following are characteristics of an effective continuum of addiction treatment and rehabilitation services?
a) The diverse needs of people with concurrent disorders are identified and addressed. b) Services are run by private clinics. c) Screening and early detection are done by addiction specialists only. d) Services are solely based on abstinence models. |
a) The diverse needs of people with concurrent disorders are identified and addressed.
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5. Which of the following determinants are linked to the use and abuse of substances in a community?
a) urban communities b) achievement of higher education c) large families d) poverty, social isolation, and unemployment |
d) poverty, social isolation, and unemployment
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1. Syphilis can be passed from mother to baby during preg-nancy or childbirth, resulting in congenital syphilis ordeath. In order to demonstrate the Canadian CHN Stan-dard of professional responsibility and accountability,which is the correct current public policy that a CHN would want to fully implement within the community toprotect the health of newborn babies against syphilis?
a) Currently, there are no such policies in place. b) High-risk women (e.g., sex-trade workers) are screenedfor syphilis during the second trimester of pregnancy. c) All pregnant women are screened for syphilis duringtheir first trimester. d) All babies are given one dose of penicillin at birth. |
c) All pregnant women are screened for syphilis during their first trimester.
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2. Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis are the most common reportable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Canada. What is the key message that a CHN would want to include when planning an education session on how these STIs are spread?
a) The most common reportable STIs are spread through unprotected vaginal, anal, and oral sex. b) The most common reportable STIs are spread through unprotected vaginal, anal, and oral sex and skin-to-skin sexual contact. c) The most common reportable STIs are spread through sharing of needles and other drug paraphernalia. d) The most common reportable STIs are spread through unprotected vaginal sex. |
a) The most common reportable STIs are spread through unprotected vaginal, anal, and oral sex.
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3. When counselling a young client, what is the most impor- tant information about chlamydia that the CHN would want to make sure the client understood?
a) Abnormal vaginal discharge/bleeding is symptom. b) Burning during urination is often a symptom. c) Lower abdominal pain is a symptom. d) Not having symptoms is very common. |
d) Not having symptoms is very common.
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4. A CHN is planning a review of the community health cen- tre’s education resources for the public. Up-to-date HPV resources would include which of the following as a serious outcome of an HPV (human papillomavirus) infection?
a) genital warts b) pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) c) cervical cancer d) infertility |
c) cervical cancer
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5. How would a CHN explain Gardasil to a community health council member when planning an upcoming community campaign?
a) Gardasil is a vaccine that protects against all strains of HPV (human papillomavirus). b) Gardasil is a vaccine that protects against four strains of HPV (human papillomavirus). c) Gardasil is a viral sexually transmitted infection. d) Gardasil is a bacterial sexually transmitted infection. |
b) Gardasil is a vaccine that protects against four strains of HPV (human papillomavirus).
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6. A CHN is fulfilling the Canadian CHN Standard of Pro- moting Health by writing an editorial for the local health magazine on STIs. What information would she/he want to include as the best way to prevent the spread of viral sex- ually transmitted infections (STIs) such as herpes and HPV (human papillomavirus)?
a) The use of a male or female condom. b) The use of a male condom and a female condom together. c) Abstinence from vaginal, oral, and anal sex. d) Abstinence from vaginal, oral, and anal sex, and skin- to-skin sexual contact. |
d) Abstinence from vaginal, oral, and anal sex, and skin- to-skin sexual contact.
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1. To manage emergencies effectively, emergency managementand preparedness responses should begin at the
a) local level. b) regional level. c) provincial level. d) federal level. |
a) local level.
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2. After thousands of lives were lost in an earthquake and in the aftermath of rescue efforts and medical aid to the people in need, what should the emergency workers focus on next?
a) plans to prevent the effects of an emergency b) preparations for another possible emergency c) continuing to work on how to reduce the impact on the community loss d) assisting the community to return to normal |
d) assisting the community to return to normal
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3. A truckload of biological waste was spilled near a densely populated community. A number of people began experi- encing nausea and breathing difficulties. Who should be taking a lead role in managing this disaster?
a) fire department b) hospital c) public health unit d) physicians and nurses |
a) fire department
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4. During a flu pandemic in an urban community, hundreds of people had fallen ill. Some had to be quarantined and some were gravely ill. Which of the following best describes the nursing role when responding to this pandemic?
a) working with the federal government officials for logistics instructions b) working with the Canadian Nurses Association for practice guidelines and standards c) working with the person in charge of the local operations for instructions d) working with the ill and carrying out the needed nursing care |
c) working with the person in charge of the local operations for instructions
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5. Which of the following lists the priority groups for care in disasters?
a) the poor b) the children, older adults, women, and people with mental illness c) the government leaders d) the healthcare professionals |
b) the children, older adults, women, and people with mental illness
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1. Global health
a) is synonymous to international health. b) focuses on health issues other than one’s own. c) focuses on issues that affect the health of the population. d) transcends national boundaries. |
d) transcends national boundaries.
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2. Nurses as global citizens
a) look past the dominant emphasis on individual care. b) work solely internationally. c) give up unique local preferences. d) speak many languages. |
a) look past the dominant emphasis on individual care.
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3. Global health ethics, closely tied to public health ethics, predominantly involves the principles of
a) autonomy, benevolence, non-malificence, and justice. b) solidarity, social justice, introspection, and humility. c) social justice, justice, duty to care, and compassion. d) community autonomy, empowerment, reciprocity, and human rights. |
b) solidarity, social justice, introspection, and humility.
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4. Which of the following most clearly represents a moral dilemma for a Canadian nurse working in an international setting?
a) drawing information about the culture and healthcare practices from someone of that culture in preparing for the work term prior to departure b) working through a Canadian translator who comes as part of the team for the work term c) providing good care with the culturally appropriate resources that are available d) needing to adopt questionable local standards of care while working within one’s scope of practice and Western medical knowledge-base |
d) needing to adopt questionable local standards of care while working within one’s scope of practice and Western medical knowledge-base
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5. What is not necessary to cultivate global citizenship?
a) reflexivity b) moral cosmopolitanism c) narrative imagination d) autonomy |
d) autonomy
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