Common Pathologies - Respiratory System Chapter 16

Front 1

Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)

Back 1

Is an infection confined to the nose, throat, and larynx. The larynx marks the transition between the upper and lower airways. The common cold is perhaps the most frequent, other includes influenza (flu), laryngitis, rhinitis, and hay fever.

Front 2

Lower Respiratory Infections (LRIs)

Back 2

Involves structures from the trachea to the alveoli. Pneumonia is the most common. it is an inflammation of the alveoli caused by bacterial or viral infection. Pneumonia can affect the entire lobe (lobar pneumonia) or can be scattered throughout the entire lung (Bronchopneumonia)

Front 3

Bronchopneumonia

Back 3

is most common in the very young and very old. "walking pneumonia" is so named because, in most cases, the disease is not severe enough to confine the individual to bed or to be hospitalized.

Front 4

Bronchitis

Back 4

Involves the bronchi and their many subdivisions

Front 5

Emphysema

Back 5

The walls of the alveoli become distended and lose their elasticity due to chronic bronchial obstruction.

Front 6

Asthma

Back 6

Symptoms are usually due to a spasm of the bronchial walls, which makes exhalation very difficult.

Front 7

Hyperventilation

Back 7

Occurs commonly during rapid breathing hen more carbon dioxide is removed from the system than is being produced metabolically. A common treatment for hyperventilation involves breathing into a paper bag to "rebreathe" carbon dioxide.

Front 8

Stitch

Back 8

Is a temporary condition common in runners. it is a localized, sharp pain, usually felt just below the rib cage and commonly caused by a cramp in the diaphragm

Front 9

Hiccups

Back 9

Are involuntary spasm of the diaphragm accompanied by rapid closure of the glottis, producing short, sharp, inspiratory sounds.

Front 10

Pleurisy

Back 10

Is a quiet, painful condition caused by an inflammation of the pleura.

Front 11

Pneumothorax

Back 11

Also called collapse lung, occurs by introducing air into or otherwise destroying the vacuum of the pleural cavity, thereby reducing ventilation capacity.

Front 12

Rib separation

Back 12

Refers to a dislocation between the rib and its castle cartilage from the sternum.

Front 13

Flail Chest

Back 13

Occurs when four or more ribs are fractured in two places (comminuted). This causes that part of the chest wall to collapse rather than expand during inspiration.