Common Drugs And Their Uses-- Terminology

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USAN

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United States Adopted Names Council designates nonproprietary names for drugs

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neurotransmitter

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substances that carry impulses fro one neuron to another

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blocker

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another name for antagonist drug (antagonists block action of neurotransmitter)

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homeostasis

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state of equilibrium of the body

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mimetic

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agonist drug (agonists mimic action of neurotransmitter

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analgesia

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state in which pain is not felt even though painful condition exists

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anti-pyretic

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reduces fever

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opiate-type analgesics,
narcotic analgesics

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drugs related to morphine and codeine that can be habit-forming and are used for pain relief

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salicylates

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drugs related to asprin, used to relieve mild to moderate pain, have anti-inflammatory and antipyrectic properties

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NSAIDs

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non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that have anti-ifflamatory, antipyretic, and analgesic properties

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acetaminophen

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drug relieves mild to moderate pain and has antipyrectic properties

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medullary paralysis

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overdose of anesthesia that paralyzes respiratory and heart centers of medulla, leading to death

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bacteriostatic

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bacteria inhibiting

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virustatic

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inhibit growth of viruses

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antineoplastic

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inhibit new growth of cancer cells

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lymphocyte

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type of white blood cell that releases antibodies that destroy disease cells

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metastasis

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cancer cells spread beyond their original site

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neoplasm

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new and abnormal tissue growth, often referring to cancer cells

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remission

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state in which cancer cells are inactive

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arrhythmia

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abnormal heart rhythm

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cardiac cycle

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contraction and relaxation of heart that pumps blood through cardiovascular system

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diastolic pressure

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minimum blood pressure when heart relaxes; second number in blood pressure reading

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electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG)

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graph of heart's rhythm

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embolism

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clot that has traveled in bloodstream to point where it obstructs flow

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myocardium

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heart muscle

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systolic pressure

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maximum blood pressure when a heart contracts; first number in a blood pressure reading

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thrombus

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blood clot

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antianginals

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drugs used to reat cardiac related chest pain (angina)

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antiarrhythmics

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drugs used to treat irregular heart rhythms

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antihypertensives

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drugs used to reduce sustained elevation in blood pressure

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vasopressors

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drugs used to increase blood pressure

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antihyperlipidemics

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drugs used to lower high levels of cholesterol

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thrombolytics

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drugs used to dissolve blood clots

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beta blockers

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drugs reduce oxygen demands of heart muscle

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calcium channel blockers

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drugs relax heart by reducing heart conduction

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diuretics

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drugs decrease blood pressure by decreasing blood volume

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ACE inhibitors

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the "pril" drugs that relax blood vessls

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vasodilators

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drugs relax and expand blood vessels

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integumentary system

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skin

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chime

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semi-liquid form of food as it enters intestinal tract

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peristalsis

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wave-like motion of intestines that moves food through them

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antiemetics

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drugs used to treat nausea and vomiting

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stool softeners

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drugs that promote mixing of fatty and watery substances to soften stool's contents and ease evacuation of feces

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hematological agents

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drugs that affect blood

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fibrin

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fiber that serves as structure for clot formation

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anemia

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decrease in hemoglobin or red blood cells

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hemostatic drugs

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drugs that prevent excessive bleeding

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hormones

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chemicals secreted in body by endocrine system's ductless glands

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corticosteroid

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hormonal steroid substances produced by cortex of adrenal gland

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endocrine system

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system of hormone secreting glands

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insulin

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hormone controls body's use of glucose

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glucagon

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hormone helps convert amino acid to glucose

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stool softeners

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drugs that promote mixing of fatty and watery substances to soften stool's contents and ease evacuation of feces

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hematological agents

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drugs that affect blood

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fibrin

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fiber that serves as structure for clot formation

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anemia

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decrease in hemoglobin or red blood cells

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hemostatic drugs

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drugs that prevent excessive bleeding

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hormones

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chemicals secreted in body by endocrine system's ductless glands

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corticosteroid

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hormonal steroid substances produced by cortex of adrenal gland

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endocrine system

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system of hormone secreting glands

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insulin

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hormone controls body's use of glucose

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glucagon

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hormone helps convert amino acid to glucose

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diabetes mellitus

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condition in which body does not produce enough insulin or is unable to use insulin efficiently

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serum glucose

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serum glucose

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blood sugar

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androgens

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male sex hormones

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estrogen

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female sex characteristic hormone that is involved in calcium and phosphorus conservation

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progesterone

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female sex characteristic hormone that is involved in ovulation prevention

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testosterone

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the primary androgen (male sex hormone)

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gout

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painful inflammatory condition in which excess uric acid accumulates in joints

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rheumatoid arthritis

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chronic and often progressive inflammatory condition with symptoms that include swelling, feelings of warmth, and joint pain

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osteoarthritis

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disorder characterized by weight-bearing bone deterioration, decreasing range of motion, pain, and deformity

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Parkinson's Disease

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progressive neuromuscular condition

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Alzheimer's Disease

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progressive dementia condition

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epilepsy

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neurological disorder characterized by seizures

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conjunctivitis

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inflammation of the eyelid lining

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glaucoma

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disorder characterized by high pressure within the eye

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mydriatics

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drugs that dilate the pupil

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hypnotics

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drugs intended to induce sleep

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emphysema

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condition associated with chronic airway obstruction

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antihistamines

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drugs replace histamine at histamine receptor sites

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decongestants

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drugs cause mucous membrane vasoconstriction

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antitussives

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drugs used to treat coughs