Comm Theories Test 2, Muehlhoff

Front 1

What are the three parts to Anna Deavere Smith's method of performance/incorporation?

Back 1

1. Poetic Moment
2. Perspective-Taking
3. Embodiment

Front 2

What does Anna Deavere Smith define as a "poetic moment"?

Back 2

a moment in which their passion, anger, or hurt would surface. Anyone is capable of this given enough time.

Front 3

What does Anna Deavere Smith define "perspective-taking" as?

Back 3

After identifying the poetic moment, you repeat the words or phrases over and over until they become second nature.
-“You say a word often enough it becomes your own”

Front 4

What does Anna Deavere Smith define "embodiment" as?

Back 4

presenting these words back to that individual as though they were your own.
-not a “if I heard you right..”, but a re-presentation of the same words they once used.

Front 5

Define Participatory Epistemology:

Back 5

A participatory approach to knowledge.

Front 6

Frederick Douglass argued...

Back 6

"...that one could not experience the ills of slavery while sitting in a reading chair."

Front 7

What are the 3 key questions that Frederick Douglass brought up concering participatory epistemology?

Back 7

1. Do we know any of these individuals on a personal level?
2. Are we relating to the persons or someones analysis of them?

3. Have we attempted to gain access to them without allowing them access to us?

Front 8

What is the key quote to the middle passage example on the handout?

Back 8

"it hurts too much to have hope" Melvita
-Most people do not know about the middle passage and how it was functionally a holocaust against africans.

Front 9

What is Gerald Egan's definition of listening?

Back 9

"Total listening is more than attending to another person's words. It is also listening to the meanings that are buried in the words and between the words and in the silences of communication"

Front 10

What is Milan Kundera's definition of the self?

Back 10

"What is the self? It is the sum of EVERYTHING THAT WE REMEMBER"
"Forgetting is a form of death ever present within life"

Front 11

What is Maria Lugones definition of 'world-traveling'?

Back 11

"...that I see with her eyes, that i go into my mother's world...that I witness her own sense of herself from within her own world

Front 12

What is the biblical precedent for world-traveling?

Back 12

The incarnation.
We do not have a high priest that does not know suffering.

Front 13

What is Antonio Gramsci's intellectual error?

Back 13

"believing that one can know without understanding and even more without feeling"

Front 14

What term is Victor Turner associated with?

Back 14

Homo performans
-we perform our identities.

Front 15

What is Victor Turner's quote?

Back 15

"Humans, are defined by their participation in rituals, social drama, and improvisational, creative performances in DAILY LIFE"

Front 16

What is Irving Goffman's dramaturgical model?

Back 16

A. Actors, stage, audience.
B. Roles and Frames

Front 17

Define actors, stage, and audience:

Back 17

Actors: two individuals communicating with an audience present.
Stage: Exists anytime an audience is present/perceived.
Audience: The rest of the people around the communication.

Front 18

Define roles and frames:

Back 18

Roles: The roles people take in interaction are performances that are strategically crafted to project particular images to others, the audience.

Frames: Frames: are models we rely on to make sense of experience. We rely on frames to ESTABLISH definitions of situations for others and ourselves. There are our SCRIPTS.

Front 19

Plainly put roles are ________, while frames are _______.

Back 19

Broad, and specific.
-frames are the social customs we need to operate in society.

Front 20

What are the two types of impressions we give to each other and define them?

Back 20

Impressions we give: the elements of our self-presentation that we control. ex: certain words or gestures
Impressions we give off: Actions which are unintended. Habits. Para-linguistic cues. (actor's tone of voice, demeanor)

Front 21

What is the definition of the situation?

Back 21

1. Beliefs I have about myself.
-ex: Im just joking around
2. Beliefs I have about the other person
-(what they are trying to accomplish)
3. The situation itself.
-(what you are trying to do together)

Front 22

Define front stage and back stage:

Back 22

Front stage: is what is visible to the audience.
Back stage: Is what is not visible to the audience; this is where actors can act to undermine their front stage performance.

Front 23

Does the back stage definitively exist?

Back 23

No, Goffman argued that there is always a front stage; we may just be acting for ourselves. But, we are still acting.
Yet, a backstage is more likely to be 'seen' through stress and exhaustion.

Front 24

What is the definition of Ethnography (word for word)?

Back 24

"method of interpreting actions in a manner that generates understanding in the terms of those performing the actions"

Front 25

What is a thin and thick description?

Back 25

Thin: give a shallow description of a phenomenon from the perspective of the observer.
Thick: gives a fuller account by to understand the meanings of activities from the perspective of those around them.

Front 26

What is old school ethnography?

Back 26

Old school ethnography: Researcher objectively observed a group or culture by remaining detached or impartial from those they were observing.

Front 27

What is new school ethnography?

Back 27

New school: the researcher is intimately involved with the people that they are researching; they believe that the only way to know something about that group is to live like/with that group.

Front 28

Quotes about new school ethnography:

Back 28

Henry Glassie: insists that "ethnography is interaction, collaboration"
Conquergood: "instead of speaking about them, you speak TO and WITH them"

Front 29

Define a participant-observation:

Back 29

"By being not only an observer but also an active participant in a culture and sometimes even an activist on behalf of that culture"
"...embodied practice"

Front 30

Under performance paradigm, who was the key theologian that was opposed and why?

Back 30

St. Augustine
Why: Augustine and other church fathers depicted the mind/body in an opposing relationship. The flesh (body) needed to be tamed by the rational mind.

Front 31

Under performance paradigm, who was the key philosopher that was opposed and why?

Back 31

Renee Descartes
Why: "I think therefore I am" places the mind above the body. To performance theorists this view lowers our value of emotions.

Front 32

What is the key term of the performance paradigm?

Back 32

Participative Experience

Front 33

What are the three parts of the performance paradigm?

Back 33

1. Process
2. Embodiment
3. Dialogue

Front 34

Define process as part of the performance paradigm:

Back 34

"understanding is achieved, not just expressed, through action"
-shift from the informative to the performative

Front 35

Define embodiment as part of the performance paradigm:

Back 35

"commitment to embodiment, experiential understanding, participatory ways of knowing, sensuous engagement, and intimate encounter instead of detached observation and action at a distance" Conquergood

Front 36

What is the key concept under embodiment?

Back 36

Responsible Listeners

Front 37

Define responsible listeners according to Wood:

Back 37

"being responsible to a story requires us to do more than treat it as merely cognitive content to be analyzed critically. We--whether tellers or listeners---must try to live with the story..."

-We must own our responses, whether good or bad.

Front 38

Define dialogue as part of the performance paradigm:

Back 38

Dialogical Performance creates a space where self and the other not only empathize, but interrogate each other.
-interrogate: challenge them in the conversation

Front 39

What are the two key concepts under dialogue?

Back 39

"Skeptic's copout":
-The individual thinks the conversation does not concern them, so they do not risk challenging another's worldview.
"Curator's exhibitionism":
-the researcher only studies what they study because they are the most exotic or rare thing they can think of. There is not a personal investment into the story of who they are researching.