Comm Disorders Chapter 9: Motor Speech Disorders

Front 1

Apraxia

Back 1

Disorder in which speech production is slow and disfluent, and intonation is flat and monotonous

Front 2

Dysarthria

Back 2

Speech disorder caused by damage to CNS/PNS that causes muscle disfunction, weakness, incoordination, or paralysis

Front 3

Congenital dysarthria

Back 3

Speech disorder caused by damage to CNS/PNS near time of birth, causing weak or paralyzed muscles that lead to speech problems

Front 4

Damage to what part of the brain causes apraxia?

Back 4

Frontal lobe

Front 5

What are some types of dysarthria?

Back 5

Dysarthria due to damage to just one cranial nerve, vs. dysarthria due to damage to an entire system as with Parkinson's

Front 6

What are some characteristics of childhood apraxia of speech?

Back 6

Simple syllable shapes, vowel errors, inconsistent speech sound production, altered intonation and word stress, frequent use of early consonant sounds like /m/, /p/, /b/

Front 7

Acquired apraxia of speech

Back 7

Disorder in planning and programming of speech movement due to left frontal lobe brain damage

Front 8

What are some prosodic characteristics of acquired apraxia of speech?

Back 8

Slow rate, prolonged consonants and vowels, pauses between words, halting rhythm, self-corrections, searching for articulatory positions, and even stress in syllables or one-at-a-time syllables

Front 9

What are some speech sound errors people with AOS produce?

Back 9

Errors in places of articulation, esp. if distance between points of articulation in a word are further apart; substitution of more complex consonants with less complex consonants

Front 10

Cerebral Palsy

Back 10

Injuries to nervous system near time of birth that causes deficits in visual, auditory, intellectual, and motor functions during critical development periods for speech and language

Front 11

What are primary causes of Cerebral Palsy? Divide into three sections.

Back 11

Anoxia (restricted oxygen supply to brain) and trauma to the brain. Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal.

Front 12

What are the three ways Cerebral Palsy is classified?

Back 12

Orthopedic, neuromuscular characteristics, severity

Front 13

Spasticity

Back 13

Abnormal resistance to muscle lengthening, produced by hypersensitivity of muscle stretch reflexes--when a person tries to extend a limb, the muscles resist the movement

Front 14

Athetoid Cerebral Palsy

Back 14

Involuntary movements characterized by twisting and writhing, progressing from body to limbs and extremities

Front 15

Athetoid CP is due to damage of what?

Back 15

Basal ganglia and associated components of extrapyramidal tract

Front 16

Ataxic CP is characterized by?

Back 16

Disturbance in movement coordination; i.e. errors in speed, direction, accuracy

Front 17

Rigid cerebral palsy is characterized by?

Back 17

Balanced hypertonicity and rigidity, due to increased tone in muscles at both sides of the joint

Front 18

Tremor CP is characterized by?

Back 18

Rhythmic involuntary movements, or tremors

Front 19

Characteristics of Mild Severity of CP

Back 19

Self-help skills are adequate for personal needs; no significant speech problems; walks without help; no treatment necessary

Front 20

Characteristics of Moderate CP

Back 20

Impaired speech; special equipment may be needed for walking; habilitation therapy needed as self-help skills not sufficient for daily care

Front 21

Characteristics of Severe CP

Back 21

Poor prognosis for self-help skills, walking, and functional speech even with treatment and use of adaptive equipment

Front 22

Flaccid dysarthria

Back 22

Weakness of muscles due to damage to lower motor neuron leads to breathy phonation, hypernasality, weak stops and fricatives, imprecise articulation, and reduced phrase length

Hint 22

Marked by paralyzed nerves and muscle atrophy

Front 23

Spastic Dysarthria

Back 23

Muscle spasms due to hypertonicity and hyperreflexia leads to imprecise articulation, slow rate, short phrases, reduced loudness, pitch variation, and harsh voice quality

Hint 23

Entire speech musculature of speech is affected

Front 24

Ataxic Dysarthria

Back 24

Normal reflexes but inaccurate and dysrhythmic movements leads to monotonous prosody, disruptions in stress patterns, slow speech rate, increased vowel duration

Front 25

Hypokinetic Dysarthria

Back 25

Hypertoned and rigid muscles lead to reduced movement and resting tremors, difficulty starting and stopping movements; accelerated and short rushes of speech, flat speech melody with monoloudness and reduced intensity

Front 26

Hyperkinetic dysarthria

Back 26

Involuntary movements during movement that lead to hesitations and unusual pauses in speech, short phrases, long pauses, breathy or strangled voice quality

Front 27

Examples of diseases that cause mixed dysarthrias

Back 27

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis

Front 28

Assessment of Individuals with Dysarthria Includes Assessment of What Areas?

Back 28

Oral-Peripheral, Respiration, Phonation, Velopharyngeal, Articulation

Front 29

Comprehensibility

Back 29

Adjustments speaker and communication partner make, and environmental alterations undertaken to facilitate successful exchanges of meaning

Front 30

Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment

Back 30

Reflexes and voluntary movements of structures during speech and non-speech tasks, like moving tongue side to side, pushing tongue against cheeks, etc.

Front 31

What typically causes adult apraxia?

Back 31

Stroke or TBI

Front 32

How many children in 1,000 have childhood apraxia of speech?

Back 32

1 or 2 in 1,000

Front 33

Ataxic Cerebral Palsy results from damage where?

Back 33

To the cerebellum