Comm 89 Midterm

Front 1

When asking "What are the boundaries of the theory’s explanation?"
we are measuring

Back 1

scope

Front 2

When we ask "Do the claims of the theory match its assumptions? Do the principles of the theory contradict each other?"
We are measuring

Back 2

logical consistency

Front 3

When the theory contains only the number of concepts necessary to explain the phenomenon under consideration,
the theory is:

Back 3

parsimonious

Front 4

When the theory is useful or has practical value
the theory has:

Back 4

utility

Front 5

Can the theory be shown to be false?
When we have the ability to investigate a theory's accuracy the theory has:

Back 5

testability

Front 6

When more research and new thinking is stimulated by the theory the theory is:
(generats insights)

Back 6

heurism

Front 7

in this paradigm...
the reality exists outside the individual.
attempts to discover objectively

Back 7

social scientific/objective/positivistic paradigm

Front 8

in this paradigm...
the reality is created by the individual
subjective interpretation valued
goal rich in understanding of individual experience

Back 8

interpretive/humanistic/practical paradigm

Front 9

"The Reality of Reality"
determines: what we should be studying, nature of human, social interactions

this metatheory is?

Back 9

ontology

Front 10

"How do we know?"
determines: knowledge gain, how people to come to know what they claim to know, what counts as knowledge

Back 10

epistemology

Front 11

"Role of Values"
determines: how values effect theory and research, degree to which they effect theory and research

Back 11

axiology

Front 12

In this theory, people attempt to determine causes of behavior, especially negative outcomes

Back 12

attribution theory

Front 13

In this theory, people assign causes based on own perceptions and these perceptions guide what we decide

Back 13

attribution theory

Front 14

When the judges saw Susan Boyle, her appearance led them to believe she would be a bad singer and not serious. the judges made an

Back 14

internal attribution

Front 15

We tend to explain negative outcomes by applying internal attributions to others, and external to ourselves
this bias is called

Back 15

fundamental attribution error

Front 16

we associate our own success with internal attribution and failures with external attribution
this bias is called

Back 16

self-serving bias

Front 17

"You seem to know your math assignments very well, you must be enjoying reading."
This is a motivation tactic- the teacher has made an internal or external attribution?

Back 17

internal

Front 18

the feeling people have when they find themselves doing things that don’t fit with what they know, or having opinions that do not fit with other opinions they hold

this feeling/theory is:

Back 18

cognitive dissonance

Front 19

what is measured when determining actions people take and cognitions they may make to reduce dissonance

Back 19

the magnitude of dissonace

Front 20

what factors influence magnitude

Back 20

1- importance, how signficanct the issue is
2- dissonance ratio, the amount of consonant cognitions relative to the dissonant ones (feelings that say its good vs. feelings that say its bad)
3- the reasoning employed to explain why an inconsistency exists )more reasons=more to account for discrepancy)

Front 21

What is this strategy for minimizing dissonance?

seeking consistent info that is consistent with their attitudes and not already present

Back 21

selective exposure

Front 22

What is this strategy for minimizing dissonance?

People attend to info in their environment that conforms to their attitudes and ignore info that is consistent
for instance- ali example, she might read favorable articles on her job to justify why she is working there

Back 22

selective attention

looking at consistent info once it is there

Front 23

What is this strategy for minimizing dissonance?

interpreting ambiguous info so that it becomes consistent. Most people interpret close friends’ attitudes as more congruent with their own than is actually true

Back 23

selective interpretation

ambiguous info--> your own

Front 24

What is this strategy for minimizing dissonance?


Juan heard a lecture about how important conflict can be in relationships he may well remember that in his current situation of frequent fighting. Ali might focus on stories she heard in the past on how great Cosmo is to reassure her view

Back 24

selective retention

remembering info

Front 25

In this theory, our attitudes or judgments remain stable until challenged
The attitude changes depend upon initial orientation (anchor point)

Back 25

Social Judgment Theory

Front 26

what is the function that relates to social judgment theory?
i.e- the function that it takes to switch anchor points

Back 26

Persuasion

Front 27

name the three ranges of attitudes one can have

Back 27

1. acceptance
2. rejection
3. noncommittment

Front 28

ego involvement will (......) lattitude of acceptance and (......) lattitude of rejection

Back 28

REDUCE lattitude of acceptance
ENLARGE lattitude of rejection

Front 29

when you have a contrast effect with someone, your position is...

Back 29

firm, you do not agree.

Front 30

when you have an assimilation effect with someone, their position

Back 30

is more like yours

Front 31

two principles of this theory include:
1) all higher levels of thought depend on language
2) the structure of the language we use influences the way we understand our environment

Back 31

Sapir Whorf/ Lingusitic Relativity

Front 32

if language shapes perception, perception shapes behavior, then language can strongly influence one's actual behavior

what theory does this relate?

Back 32

linguistic relativity

Front 33

What theory states that:
we build a personal knowledge base from our experiences by transforming them into mental structures?

Back 33

constructivism

Front 34

what are the cognitive templates or stencils we fit over social reality to order our impressions of people?

Back 34

interpersonal constructs

Front 35

what does it mean to have "cognitive complexity"

Back 35

the mental ability to distinguish subtle personality and behavior differences among people

Front 36

A tailor made message for a specific individual and context; reflects the communicator’s ability to anticipate response and adjust accordingly

Back 36

person-centered/ strategic centered message

Front 37

what is the "key" to a strategic centered message
for example: what do we do when we ask one parent something vs. the other

Back 37

perspective taking

Front 38

the type of communication when a person-centered message is made that accomplishes multiple goals: audience awareness, self-monitoring, listener adaptation

Back 38

sophisticated communication

Front 39

name the 3 step process of message creation

Back 39

1. goal identification
2. planning
3. action

Front 40

In my cousin vinny, the judge says "stay til you're told, can you answer the question,"
this as example of what type of design logic?

Back 40

conventional design logic:
abide by social rules, gain social approval

Front 41

When the defense attorney creates a trick question for the witness and challenges her to disqualify her, his logic is:

Back 41

strategic/rhetorical design logic:
structure reality and meet multiple goals

Front 42

When Marissa Tomay is defensive and doesn't want to answer any of the questions, her dialogue and nonverbal behavior is hostile because she is fighting with her fiance.
Her design logic would be characterized as:

Back 42

expressive design logic:
emote and verbalize own thoughts, feelings

Front 43

What theory states that personal identity is shaped by and guides interaction with others trough the use of symbols?

Back 43

Symbolic Interactionism

Front 44

What theory states that meanings, including our self-concept, is formed by interacting symbollically with others?

Back 44

symbolic interactionism

Front 45

What part of the 3 part communicative force in Symbolic Interactionism deals with behaving impulsively, unorganized, or unpredictable?

Back 45

The "I"

Front 46

What part of the 3 part communicative force in Symbolic Interactionism deals with what you imagine another sees of you and requires taking the role of the generalized other

Back 46

The "Me"

Front 47

What part of the 3 part communicative force in Symbolic Interactionism deals with how individuals adjust themselves to culture or larger viewpoint?

Back 47

Society

Front 48

When I hear that others think I can do something, I will do it. Greater expectation=better performance. This is called

Back 48

Pygmalion Effect

Front 49

When the catholic church found it easier to convert pagans to christians by tying in the importance of female holy figures, THIS theory showed its utility

Back 49

Symbolic Interactionism

Front 50

when speakers intereact they adjust their speech, their vocal patterns, and their gestures to accommodate others.
What is this theory?

Back 50

Communication Accommodation Theory

Front 51

Why do people want to be accommodative? 3 reasons

Back 51

To get listener's approval
To achieve communication efficiency
*To maintain a positive social identity

Front 52

in a convo with a 15 year old you might find yourself using teen vocab, with an 85 year old you might slow your speech and use more facial animation
this is an example of

Back 52

Communication Accommodation Theory

Front 53

The theory that CAT is based on suggests a person's self concept is compromised of a personal and social identity is...

Back 53

Social Identity Theory

Front 54

In CAT, what is this selective process and strategy whereby individuals adapt to each other’s communicative behaviors called?

Back 54

Convergence

Front 55

When we notice or make judgements about behavior that violates our expections we are acting in THIS theory

Back 55

Expectations Violation Theory

Front 56

When people hold expectations about behavior and unexpected behavior is arousing and causes judgment, this process is under what theory?

Back 56

Expectation Violation Theory

Front 57

the study of person's use of space

Back 57

proxemics

Front 58

name 4 proxemic zones

Back 58

intimate, personal, social, public

Front 59

your harddrive on your computer is in your (------) territory,
it is your exclusive domain

Back 59

primary territory

Front 60

your cell phone is in your (------) territory, you have a connection to the object

Back 60

secondary

Front 61

the place you sit in the library has no personal affiliation
this territory is called

Back 61

public

Front 62

Unexpected behavior, on the other hand, captures people's attention and leads to heightened

Back 62

arousal

Front 63

The positive or negative assessment of an unexpected behavior

Back 63

Violation Valence

Front 64

How valuable the person or the communicator is to us. We evaluate the sum of positive and negative attributes of the communictator.

Back 64

Communicator Reward Valence

Front 65

when people do not mind when other's stand close to them their threshold is

Back 65

HIGH
think "high tolerance" of others
it takes A LOT for them to feel threatened

Front 66

when others become very uncomfortable around those close, feeling threatened easily
their threshold is

Back 66

LOW

Front 67

In this theory, comm is the process of ceating and maintaing social reality through shared meaning
life is like an "unpredicted theater"

Humans co create a social reality during conversation

Back 67

coordinated management of meaning theory

Front 68

The meanings that a person brings during conversation is called

Back 68

personal meaning

Front 69

The meaning that results when the communicators agree on each other's interpretations of an interaction (after convo)

Back 69

Interpersonal meaning

Front 70

According to CMM, rules that guide one to compliment, question, or insult are

Back 70

rules of meaning
constuitive

Front 71

According to CMM, rules that are based upon my interpretation and determine what i should do next is?

Back 71

rules of action
regulatory

Front 72

name this hierarchy of context
- raw data
- the first step of connecting data

Back 72

Content

Front 73

name this hierarchy of context
-questioning
-complimenting
-threatening

Back 73

Speech Act

Front 74

name this hierarchy of context
-the relationship or understanding between people
-suggests a future
-relational boundaries

Back 74

Contract

Front 75

name this hierarchy of context
- comm routines that have beginning, middle, end
- people bring cultural expectations for how this should be executed

Back 75

Episode

Front 76

name this hierarchy of context
- clusters of past or present episodes that create a system of manageable meanings with others
-individual's sense of self that shapes comm

Back 76

Life Scripts

Front 77

name this hierarchy of context

-a person's relationship to the larger culture
-different orientations of various culture present potential obstacles

Back 77

Cultural Patterns

Front 78

What theory states that people seek information in order to understand and predict other's behavior

Back 78

Uncertainty Reduction Theory

Front 79

Name 3 phases in intitial reaction

Back 79

entry
personal
exit

Front 80

-reward, anticipation of future interaction, deviance are motivations for info seeking in THIS theory

Back 80

uncertainty reduction thoery

Front 81

name two types of uncertainty

Back 81

cognitive- beliefs and attitudes
behavioral- predicability of actions

Front 82

finding someone on facebook is an (-----) strategy for reducing uncertainty

Back 82

active

Front 83

observing someone you think is cute across the classroom is a (-----) strategy for reducing uncertainty

Back 83

passive

Front 84

talking to your crush and getting their number is an (-----) strategy for reducing uncertainty

Back 84

interactive