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30 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

International Communications

Communication that occurs across international borders, that is borders of national states



The cultural, economic, political, social and technical analysis of communication patterns and effects across and between nation states

Main Elements of International Communications

Shring knowledge, ideas and beliefs among various people throughout the world


Contributing factor in resolving global conflict and promotion mutual understanding


Beyond govt to govt info exchange to include business to business and people to people

Propaganda

A form of communication towards influencing the attitude of a population toward some cause or position


Use of communication channels through known persuasive or manipulative techniques in attempt tp shape or alter public opinion


a persons political, social and economic beliefs determine whether certain propaganda is acceptable or not

Public Diplomacy

Term for propaganda operating at state level

Propaganda During WWII

Nazi Germany was first to establish an extensive, well-funded global propaganda network of which the radio was the centerpiece



used to increase support for the war and commitment to allied victory



war used to dehumanize and create hatred toward supposed enemy

Agenda Setting

Ability of the news media to influence the salience of topics on the public agenda



if news item is covered frequently and prominently audience will regard issue as more important



ex: strike resume in Gaza city july 8, 2014

Framing

How an issue is characterized in news reports can have an influence on how it is understood by audiences


comprises a set of concepts and theoretical perspectives on how individuals, groups and societies organize, perceive and communicate about reality


ex. 1% fat vs 99% non-fat


Priming

Media can make certain issues more accessible for people and thereby influence the standards they use when forming attitudes about international issues


ex. seeing violence leads to violent actions

Powerful vs. Limited effects

Researchers believed that media had very immediate and direct impacts on its audience



lasswell studied WWII propaganda and concluded that the media could be used to change habits



assumed audience is passive and uncritical

Hypodermic needle/bullet theory

model of communications suggesting that an intended message is directly received and wholly accepted by the receiver


Not based on empirical findings from research but rather on assumptions of the time about human nature

Magic bullet

theory graphically assumes that the media's message is a bullet fired from the media gun into the viewers head



Suggests that media injects its messages straight into the passive audience and the audience is immediately affected by the messages

International Communications after WWII

V-J Day (victory over japan) August 14th, 1945


Unipolar


Unipolar

used to describe power structure when one superpower dominates alone


end of cold war meant the previous decade's superpower rivalry ended


no longer traditional east vs west conflict

Bipolar

Used to denote the basic structure in the international system when it was dominated by two superpowers


means that other states must ally themselves with one of the two powers which limits their room to maneuver and thus result in a more stable international politics


bipolar balance of power rivalry between the east and west where fear and suspicion characterized the relationship btwn 2 major powers

Multipolar power

system of multi power increases rivalry in world politics


states are often uncertain of other states intentions which increases the probability of military action


power balance constantly changing

Third World

Capitalist --> soviet --> third world


west vs third world


new international economic order


Macbride Commissions

Current state of world communications


problems related to free flow system


monitoring role of NWICO


role of media as educator

Soviet Propaganda during cold war

heavy polemics about oppressions and imperialism


in the post-colonial age, the message had a receptive ear


moscow radio


US propaganda during cold war

VOA


RFE/RL


Radio Free Europe/Radio liberty

BBC during cold war

British Broadcasting corporation


percieved as more balanced


international credibility


able to indirectly criticize british govt

Wars in other countries

Korean War (1950-53)


Vietnam War (1959-73)

"Forgotten War"

54,246 American Lives Lost


Almost 5 million asian lives lost


69.5 billion USD spent on war

Internet

emerged from US military research in 60s


Establishment of World wide web in 89


reached an audience of 50 mil users in 3 years


Innovations like Web reserved for western consumers or elites in periphery nations

Internet and Advertising/Entertainment

Development of multiple platform strategies


greater interactivity


public discourse is assuming form of entertainment


speed and quanitity of news is undermining quality


emphasis on consumer journalism, sports, entertainment

Culture of Visuals

Little patience for extended engagement with complex narrative structures of news

Social Media for Freedom?

SM as a tool to oppress citizens


Ex- vodafone must comply with governement requests


SM- Gov uses SMS for pro-Mubarak messages

Benefits and Harms

Slovic (2007)


Psychic Numbing


Numbers and Numbness


Statistical lives vs Identifiable lives

Potential Benefits

Imagery and Attention- Feeling- Helping

Potential Harm

Perception of political activity: Clicktivism and Clictivist: the use of sm to promote a cause


Info overload- desensitization- psychic numbing

Political Economy approach

concerned with the underlying structures of economic and political power relations


Rooted in Marx's critique of capitalism