Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
106 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What grade are you going to get on this final
|
100 percento
|
|
|
The Golden Mean (Aristotle)
|
"The Middle Path"
Temperance Courage Truthfulness |
|
|
What is temperance?
|
balance between too little and too much
|
|
|
What is Courage?
|
balance between fear and overconfidence
|
|
|
What is truthfulness?
|
balance between false modesty and narcissism
|
|
|
Categorical Imperative
|
NEVER break a rule no matter what the negative consequence may be
Lying always harms people |
|
|
Utilitarianism
|
Consequences for every action
Behaviors that MAXIMIZE happiness for LARGEST amount of people |
|
|
Veil of Ignorance (Rawls)
|
make decision from behind it
make decision from point of absolute neutrality |
|
|
3 Issues on Ethics
|
Secret
Disclosure Privacy |
|
|
What are the 3 methods of inquiry
|
Social Scientific
Interpretive Critical |
|
|
Social Scientific (method of inquiry)
|
Culture influences the way we communicate -- deeply rooted in psychology and sociology
|
|
|
Interpretive (method of inquiry)
|
No analyzing
Describe rather than explain |
|
|
Critical (method of inquiry)
|
Understanding and culture. Assume there are certain groups marginalized society
|
|
|
What is a code system?
|
Allows communication to be possible both VERBALLY and NON-Verbally
|
|
|
What are the 4 key parts of relationships?
|
Norms, Roles, Beliefs, values
|
|
|
What are HOFSTEDE's 5 dimensions of culture?
|
Individualism - Collectivism
High Context - Low Content High Power Dist - Low power Dist. Masculinity - Femininity High Uncertainty avoidance - Low uncertainty avoidanse |
|
|
What is ethnocentrism?
|
belief that your way of doing something is the best way
|
|
|
Stereotyping (broken into 4 parts)
|
Equality
Shared Goods Cooperation Friendship |
|
|
What does Intergroup contact theory mean?
|
for optimal contact in you group you need to meet conditions
|
|
|
Intergroup dialogue
|
1- speak
2- listen 3-ask questions |
|
|
What are the 2 aspects of persuasion?
|
Why we comply
techniques people us to persuade |
|
|
List the reasons why we comply?
|
Reciprocity, reciprocal concession
Cognitive dissonance,commitment Liking, Social Proof, Authority, Scarcity, Restricted freedom |
|
|
Reciprocal Concession
|
Door-in-the-face (big request--> smaller request to make them feel obligated) $1000 --> $10 ?
Guilt Indebtedness theory- to restore balance |
|
|
Cognitive Dissonance
|
Holding conflicting ideas simultaneously
... we either reduce the feeling or change the way we think |
|
|
What are the 4 types of responses to cognitive dissonance?
|
Free-choice paradigm
Belief Disconfirmation Effort Justification Induced compliance |
|
|
What is the free-choice paradigm?
|
begin to question.... start to make ourselves believe it was the right thing to do
|
|
|
What is belief disconfirmation?
|
Avoiding info that is inconsistent with our beliefs
|
|
|
Effort Justification
|
lots of effort leads to invested value
|
|
|
Induced compliance
|
incentive... we can blame it later
|
|
|
Commitment (reason to comply)
|
More committed--> more complying
FITD- already said yes to first request... tack on more |
|
|
Social proof (reason to comply)
|
because others are doing it
|
|
|
Authority (reason we comply)
|
willing to obey and follow the suggestions of authority
|
|
|
Scarcity (reason we comply)
|
more scarce--> more you want it
sometimes planned ( limited edition get it now bullsheet) |
|
|
Restricted freedom (reason we comply)
|
you want what you can't have
and at the end you want more and more |
|
|
What are the 4 categories of social power?
|
Reward - do it for reward
Coercive - do it under pressure Referent- wannabe Legitimate- objective power (police, teacher etc.) Expert- trust the one with expertise |
|
|
What are the 5 component of the Elaboration Likelihood Model? (ELM)
(Persuasion) |
Motivation- motivate to be interested in message
Ability- need to understand message Involvement- need message to be personally relevant Central Route- messages through here result in longer-lasting decision Peripheral Route- messages through here have shorter-lasting effect |
|
|
Fear Appeals-
Extended Parallel Processing Model (EPPM) |
Create fear to make you apply
Perceived threat- believe you're vulnerable and susceptible to threat Perceived efficacy- believe solution will work and it's doable |
|
|
Advertising Agency team consists of.....(5)
|
Account Manager
Art Director Copywriter Media Buyer Account planner |
|
|
Who is the link between the clients & the agency?
|
the account manager
|
|
|
Who works in partnership with the copywriter as the creative team to focus on the visual look?
|
Art Director
|
|
|
Who works with client to create and produce ad campaigns?
|
Copywriter
|
|
|
Who negotiates,purchases, and monitors media space?
|
media buyer
|
|
|
Who is the voice of the customer in the agency (they use research to identify audiences and optimize comm)?
|
Account planner
|
|
|
SWOT Analysis
|
Strengths
Weaknesses Opportunities Threats |
|
|
The background, objective/purpose, target audience, and important points make up the ___________. (advertising)
|
Creative Brief
|
|
|
Who is one of the most influential advertising executives? What thing was he known for?
|
David Ogilvy
USP- Unique Selling Point (that ONE thing that differentiates your product/brand) |
|
|
What are some example of Commercial Ad. tactics?
|
Sex
Subliminal Messages Product Placement Celebrity Endorsements |
|
|
2 iconic ads
|
apple- 1984
Lyndon Johnson "Daisy" |
|
|
Benefits provided by an org. to employees to help balance are ___________ benfits
|
Work/life
|
|
|
What are some work/life benefits?
|
paid leave, flex time, telecommuting, job sharing, tuition reimbursement
|
|
|
What is FMLA?
|
Family Medical Leave Act
from the gov unpaid leave- up to 12 weeks companies with 50+ |
|
|
The theory that concerns itself with the fairness of how policies, grades, benefits, services are distributed is _____________________
|
Distributive Justice Theory
Equity Equality Need |
|
|
Systems theory says that.......
|
An org. is a SYSTEM of inter-connected parts that are interdependent
Like a CAR |
|
|
Organizational culture lies on a _____________ from __________ --> __________
|
Continuum
Innovation Tradition |
|
|
Individualism/collectivism
power distance dominance time uncertainty avoidance are all..... |
components of ORG. CULTURE
|
|
|
What are the 4 types of ORG. CULTURES?
|
Tough Guy / Macho-man
Work Hard / Play Hard Bet-your-company Process- (university) |
|
|
What is the single most important thing in organizations?
|
COMMUNICATION
|
|
|
What are the 3 main functions within and org?
|
Command Function
Relational Function Ambiguity-Management Function |
|
|
When we issue, receieve, interpret & act on commands
|
Command function
|
|
|
When we create productive relationships within the org. with co-workers... then we become more productive, satisfied, and reliable
|
Relational function
|
|
|
Choices are often made within culture of uncertainty (you don't always know how a decision affects other part of the org. --> __________ function
|
Ambiguity-mgmt function
|
|
|
Within supervisory comm. the focus is on ___________
|
LMX- Leader-Member exchange
|
|
|
What are some of the guidelines of LMX?
|
Be supportive
Avoid Micromanaging Allow employee's to make their own decisions Built trust |
|
|
Trust consists of......
|
Behavioral Contingency
Behavioral Integrity Sharing & delegation of control Comm. Demonstration of concern |
|
|
the point where you hit nfo overload and can't be productive any more
|
Law of Diminishing Returns
|
|
|
info changed from person to person and you want the most amount of accuracy... this is known as ____ ______________ of communication
|
(the directness) of comm
|
|
|
Upward Comm serves what 5 functions for the lower-downs?
|
- Provides Mgmt with info. for decision making
- helps relieve employee frustration - enhances employee sense of participation - measures effectiveness of downward comm -suggests better uses for downward comm |
|
|
Task coordination, problem solving, info sharing, and conflict resolution are all example of what comm pattern?
|
HORIZONTAL
|
|
|
Rumor/gossip serve TWO purposes: they are......
|
Self-serving- to hurt others
and Group-serving- to create trust, increase productivity & decrease ambiguity |
|
|
Rumors pass through which THREE types of message change
|
Leveling- details left out
Sharpening- exaggerate certain parts of original message Assimilation- make message fit personal ideas about what it should portay |
|
|
what % of gossip is true?
|
80%
|
|
|
failure to change =
|
failure of the org
|
|
|
what is Mediated comm. and what are the 2 types?
|
comm. that is transferred through a medium of some sort
2 types: Indirect and Source |
|
|
Comm that is pure sending + receiving, where sensory and feedback are limited
|
INDIRECT
|
|
|
Comm. that can include multiple people of entities, and involves conflicts of interest
|
SOURCE
|
|
|
info changed from person to person and you want the most amount of accuracy... this is known as ____ ______________ of communication
|
(the directness) of comm
|
|
|
Upward Comm serves what 5 functions for the lower-downs?
|
- Provides Mgmt with info. for decision making
- helps relieve employee frustration - enhances employee sense of participation - measures effectiveness of downward comm -suggests better uses for downward comm |
|
|
Task coordination, problem solving, info sharing, and conflict resolution are all example of what comm pattern?
|
HORIZONTAL
|
|
|
Rumor/gossip serve TWO purposes: they are......
|
Self-serving- to hurt others
and Group-serving- to create trust, increase productivity & decrease ambiguity |
|
|
Rumors pass through which THREE types of message change
|
Leveling- details left out
Sharpening- exaggerate certain parts of original message Assimilation- make message fit personal ideas about what it should portay |
|
|
what % of gossip is true?
|
80%
|
|
|
failure to change =
|
failure of the org
|
|
|
what is Mediated comm. and what are the 2 types?
|
comm. that is transferred through a medium of some sort
2 types: Indirect and Source |
|
|
Comm that is pure sending + receiving, where sensory and feedback are limited
|
INDIRECT
|
|
|
Comm. that can include multiple people of entities, and involves conflicts of interest
|
SOURCE
|
|
|
When there is a prioritized list of item and the listeners get what the senders choose... this phenomenon is referred to as
|
Agenda Setting
|
|
|
The way that information is presented and how it's portrayed is a tactic called......
|
framing
|
|
|
The idea that people are more comfortable expressing their own opinion when they are WITH the majority (and minority stays silent so they will remain the minority)
|
Spiral of Silence
|
|
|
The hypodermic needle model of message flow says....
|
we have information injected into our minds
|
|
|
WHO ARE people we trust to provide us with info because they're more educated and so we trust them?
|
Opinion leaders
|
|
|
What is selective exposure?
|
idea that we select the media we are exposed to
|
|
|
What is selective attention?
|
Idea that we look for info that's consistent with our beliefs
|
|
|
Since, over time we are exposed to TV so much, we begin to enter a world that's innaccurate
this is known as the.... |
cumulative process
|
|
|
Resonance
|
Confirms our view of reality when we see our view as consistent with friends, family, and people
|
|
|
Cultivation theory affects us through 3 processes
|
cumulative process, mainstreaming, and resosnance
|
|
|
The theory that media fulfills needs and desires such as: cognition, alleviate loneliness, substitute companionship, diverts us from problems, fantasy escape, advice.
|
Uses & Gratification theory
|
|
|
What is the diffusion on innovation?
|
how quickly info spreads, and what channels it goes through
|
|
|
Innovators- ? %
Early Adopter- ?% Early Majority- ? % Late Majority- ?% |
2.5%
13.5% 34% 34% 16% |
|
|
Prior restraint means you cannot
|
report on certain topics from the get-go...pentagon papers
|
|
|
Because of this, certain people cannot be compelled by the court to reveal certain information
|
Reporter's Privilege (Shield Law)
only have to tell secrets if its pivotal to he case |
|
|
What's the FOI
|
freedom of information act
|
|
|
What is libel?
|
printed, produced, or broadcasted defamation
|
|
|
He's a MURDERERRR is an example of .......
|
SLANDER
|
|
|
The 5 categories of defamation are....
|
defamation, identified, published, due diligence, and the show is it was false
|
|
|
Means of connecting and interacting actively with other
|
Social Media CMC comp. mediated. comm.
|
|
|
too much personal facts on the web.... you can store info and kick out the stragglers
|
hyperperson theory
|
