Comlex: Dit : All

Front 1

what immunosuppresant matches the following:

Derivative of 6-MP:
Nephrotoxic in 75% of pts:
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase:

Back 1

Derivative of 6-MP: Azathropine
Nephrotoxic in 75% of pts: Cyclosporine (prevent with mannitol)
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase: MTX

Front 2

what is the triad of sx of Wernicke's encephalopathy?

Triad for Korsakoff?

Back 2

Wernicke:
Confusion
Opthalmoplegia
Ataxia

Korsakoff:
Memory Loss
Confabulation
Personality change

Front 3

what enzyme is deficient in the following dz's?

Fructose intolerance:
essential fructosuria:
classic galactosemia:

Back 3

Fructose intolerance: aldolase B
essential fructosuria: fructokinase
classic galactosemia: galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase

Front 4

common unerlying cause of intussusception?

no milk production in postpartum period?

Pigmented hamartomas in the iris

Howell-Jolly bodies:

Back 4

common underlying cause of intussusception: Meckel's diverticulum; adenovirus infection of Peyer's patches

no milk production in postpartum period: Sheehan

Pigmented hamartomas in the iris: NF

Howell-Jolly bodies: Asplenia

Front 5

what might you see in a first trimester ultrasound of a fetus with Downs

Back 5

increased nucal translucency

Front 6

Anti-smooth muscle Abs are assoc with what?

Back 6

Autoimmune hepatitis

Front 7

which protozoa fits the following:

Ixodes tick is the vector:
Sodium stibogluconate is the tx:
Maltese cross seen in RBC:
severe diarrhea in AIDS:

Back 7

Ixodes tick is the vector: bebesia
Sodium stibogluconate is the tx: Leschmania
Maltese cross seen in RBC: Babesia
severe diarrhea in AIDS: cryptosporidium

note: babesia is often a co-infection of Lyme and gives malaria like sx

Front 8

What genes are responsible for skeletal development?

Back 8

HOX

Front 9

what is the result of a glycolytic enzyme def? What is the result of a def in pyruvate dehydrogenase

Back 9

RBC hemolysis

Neurologic defects

Front 10

to which lymph nodes does ca in the following areas met to?

Stomach:
Doudenum:
Sigmoid colon:
Rectum:
Testes:
Scrotum:

Back 10

Stomach: Celiac
Doudenum: Superior mesenteric
Sigmoid colon: Colonic
Rectum: Inf iliac
Testes: para aortic
Scrotum: superficial inguinal

Front 11

what is responsible for the release of renin?

Back 11

JG apparatus, specifically the JG cells secrete it, while the macula densa senses the amount of Na

Front 12

Owl's eye inclusions:
Owl's eye nucleus:
Owl's eye protazoan:

Back 12

Owl's eye inclusions: CMV
Owl's eye nucleus: Hodgkins
Owl's eye protazoan: Giardia

Front 13

give the breakdown of your % body water

Back 13

60% total body water
40% ICF
20% ECF

Front 14

what ligament contains the portal triad

Back 14

hepatoduodenal

Front 15

what is the water under the bridge idea?

Back 15

ureters pass under the uterine artery or ductus deferens

Front 16

What happens to CO, BP and GFR in pregnancy

Back 16

CO: increase

BP: decrease then normalizes

GFR: increase

Front 17

CL=

Back 17

UV/P

u-urine conc of X
p=plasma conc of X
v=urine flow rate

Front 18

what plexus in the digestive tract is responsible for glandular release?

what does motility

Back 18

glands: Meissner's (submucosal)

motility: Auerbach's (myenteric)

Front 19

FF=?

Back 19

GFR/RPF

Front 20

Name the drug class

Venlafaxine:
Fluvoxamine:
Terbinafine:

Back 20

Venlafaxine: SNRI
Fluvoxamine: SSRI
Terbinafine: anti fungal for nails

Front 21

GFR can be estimated with?

RPF?

Back 21

GFR--creatinine

RPF--PAH

Front 22

what are Brunner's glands and where are they located? what pathology are they assoc with

Back 22

secrete alkaline mucus to neutralize acid

located in doudenum

hypertrophy of brunner's glands is seen in PUD

Front 23

what segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement

reabsorbs 67% of fluid and electrolytes filtered by the glomerulus:

segment responsible for concentrating urine:

site of secretion of organic anions and cations:

always impermeable to water

permeable to water only in the presence of ADH

Back 23

reabsorbs 67% of fluid and electrolytes filtered by the glomerulus: Prox tub

segment responsible for concentrating urine: Collecting duct

site of secretion of organic anions and cations: Prox

always impermeable to water: ascending loop

permeable to water only in the presence of ADH: collecting duct

Front 24

most common cause of meningitis for the following age ranges--

newborn-6mo:
6m-6yr:
6y-60:
60+:

Back 24

newborn-6mo: group b strep, ecoli, listeria

6m-6yr: strep pneumo, n. meningitis, enterovirus

6y-60: n. meningits, s. pneumo, hsv

60+: strep pneumoniea, listeria, G- rods

Front 25

what segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement

site of Na/2Cl/K cotransport:

site of isotonic fluid reabsorption:

site responsible for diluting urine:

only site where glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed:

water reabsorption in the loop of henle:

Back 25

site of Na/2Cl/K cotransport: ascending loop

site of isotonic fluid reabsorption: prox tub

site responsible for diluting urine: thick ascending

only site where glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed: prox tub

water reabsorption in the loop of henle: thin descending

Front 26

what are Peyer's Patches? where are they

Back 26

produce IgA to protect gut from pathogens

found only in the ileum

Front 27

where are Ca and Mg reabsorbed? What happens with water here

Back 27

Thick ascending limb

water cannot get in

Front 28

CL=

Back 28

(Vd x .7)/halflife

Front 29

where in the kidney does PTH have its effect on Ca?

Back 29

leads to calcium reabsorption in the early distal tubule

Front 30

describe where the nerve,artery, vein, and lymph are in the femoral region

Back 30

from Lateral to medial

Nerve-Artery-Vein-Empty Space-Lymph

NAVEL

venous near the penis

Front 31

what is the role of principle cells and intercalated cells? where does this occur

Back 31

Principle: reabsorb H2O/Na, secrete K

Intercalated cells: secrete H/HCO3, reabsorb K

collecting duct

Front 32

underlies all other defense mechanisms

Back 32

Repression

Front 33

What are the 2 types of intercalated cells

Back 33

Alpha: secrete Acid

Beta: secrete bicarb

Front 34

describe where hernias occur with respect to the appropriate vessel

Back 34

MDs don't LIe

Medial to the inferior epigastric=Direct hernia

Lateral to the inferior epigastric artery=Indirect

Front 35

what affect does aldosterone have on the intercalated cells and principle cells of the collecting duct?

Back 35

intercalated: stimulates H secretion

principle: Na reabsorption and K secretion

Front 36

LD=?

MD=?

Back 36

LD= Css x Vd

MD= Cl x Css

Front 37

tx for hyperkalemia?

Back 37

Insulin to shift K into cells

must also give glucose to prevent hypoglycemia

Front 38

which type of hernia goes through the inguinal (Hesselbach's) triangle? what rings does it go through? who is it seen in more often?

Back 38

Direct

external (superficial) ring only

older men

Front 39

what diuretic would you use for a woman with HTN and osteoporosis?

Back 39

Thiazide

saves Ca

Front 40

what type of vasculitis is associated with young asthmatics?

necrotizing immune complex inflammation of visceral/renal vessels:

Back 40

Churg Strauss

necrotizing immune complex inflammation of visceral/renal vessels: PAN

Front 41

what is the acid base disorder

pH: 7.42
HCO3: : 32
pCO2: 64

Back 41

Mixed

normal pH: 7.35-7.4
normal pCO2: 35-45
normal HCO3: 22

Front 42

which type of hernia goes into the scrotum? what rings does it go through? who is it seen in more often?

Back 42

Indirect

internal (deep) and external (superficial) inguinal rings

infants

Front 43

what is the acid base disorder

pH: 7.66
HCO3: 36
pCO2: 30

Back 43

combined alk

normal pH: 7.35-7.4
normal pCO2: 35-45
normal HCO3: 22

Front 44

Vd=

Back 44

drug IV / [drug in plasma]

Front 45

what is the acid base disorder

pH: 7.10
HCO3: : 15
pCO2: 50

Back 45

Combined acidosis

normal pH: 7.35-7.4
normal pCO2: 35-45
normal HCO3: 22

Front 46

What do G cells make?

I cells?

S cells?

D cells?

what does each do (in general)

Back 46

What do G cells make: Gastrin

I cells: CCK (protein/Fatty acids)

S cells: Secretin (anti-acid)

D cells: Somatostatin (anti-everything)

Front 47

what is the acid base disorder

pH: 7.34
HCO3: : 31
pCO2: 62

Back 47

resp acid with compensation

normal pH: 7.35-7.4
normal pCO2: 35-45
normal HCO3: 22

Front 48

TX for the following:

Trypanosoma:
Leishmania:
Entamoeba:
Toxoplasma:

Back 48

Trypanosoma: Nifurtimox
Leishmania: sodium stiboglugonate
Entamoeba: Met
Toxoplasma: Sulfdiazine Pyrimethamine

Front 49

what is the acid base disorder

pH: 7.39
HCO3: : 12
pCO2: 22

Back 49

mixed

normal pH: 7.35-7.4
normal pCO2: 35-45
normal HCO3: 22

Front 50

what is necessary to take up B12? where does this occur

Back 50

Intrinsic factor

ileum

Front 51

what is the equation of anion gap?

Back 51

Na - (Cl + HCO3)

Front 52

antidote for t-PA streptokinase

Back 52

amniocarpoic acid

Front 53

what are the causes of increased anion gap

Back 53

MUDPILES

Methanol (formic acid)
Uremia
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Paraldehyde/phenformin
Iron tablets or INH
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol (oxalic acid)
Salicylates

Front 54

what 3 things can lead to acid release in a gastric parietal cell? What are their 2nd messangers?

Back 54

ACh: Gq/IP3
Gastrin: Gq/IP3
Histamine: cAMP

Front 55

where do type 1, 2, and 4 RTA occur? what are K levels like

Back 55

1: distal (collecting tubule can't excrete H); hypokalemia

Type 2: proximal (defect in prox tubule HCO3 reabsorption); hypokalemia

type 3: hypoaldosteronism or lack of collecting tubule response to aldosterone, hyperkalemic

Front 56

tx for TCA cardiotox?

theophylline cardiotox?

Back 56

TCA: alakalinize the urine/plasma

Theophylline: B-blocker

Front 57

what effect will a renal stone that obstructs the ureter have on GFR and FF?

Back 57

decrease both

Front 58

hypercalcemia
Phenylalanine
Tryptaphan

can all activate what type of GI cell leading to release of what?

Back 58

G cell

Gastrin

Front 59

what is the maximal serum glucose conc at which glucose can be absorbed in the tubules

Back 59

350micro grams/dL

Front 60

where does fetal erythropoiesis take place

Back 60

yolk sac
liver/spleen
marrow

Front 61

what change in the metabolic panel might you see in a young pt on a B-agonist for status asthmaticus?

Back 61

B-agonists will lead to hypokalemia

Front 62

MOA of cimetidine?

Use?

Tox?

Back 62

H2 blocker

PUD, gastritis, GERD

inhibit P450, gynecomastia

Front 63

What diuretic can be used in the following situations:

Edema a/w nephrotic syndrome:
Increased intracranial pressure:

Back 63

Edema a/w nephrotic syndrome: Loop

Increased intracranial pressure: Mannitol

Front 64

what class of drug is :

Lamivudine:

Cefprozil

Back 64

Lamivudine: NRTI

Cefoprozil: 2nd gen ceph

Front 65

what type of diuretic are the following

Bumetanide:
Metolazone:

Back 65

Bumetanide: Loop
Metolazone: Thiazide

Front 66

MOA of omeprazole

Back 66

Irreversibly inhibit H/K/ATPase in stomach/parietal cells

PUD, gastritis, GERD, ZE

Front 67

if you have casts in the urine what does this tell you in general

Back 67

that the problem is in the kidney

Front 68

what is dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine?

Back 68

surfactant

Front 69

most common glomerular dz in HIV pts

Back 69

FSGS

Front 70

What is the triple therapy for H. pylori

Back 70

MCAT

Metronidazole
Cimitidine
Amoxicillin
Tetracycline

FA also says Bismuth

Front 71

EM shows tram-track. what is this and what is it associated with?

Back 71

type I MPGN--associated with HBV and HCV

(also: SLE, subacute bacterial endocardititis, mixed cryoglobulinemia)

Front 72

classic clinical presentation of thyroglossal duct cyst (where is it and does it move)

Back 72

midline

moves on swallowing

Front 73

EM shows dense deposits. What is this an what is it associated with?

Back 73

MPGN type II

C3 nephritic factor

Front 74

Prevention of NSAID induced peptic ulcers

Back 74

Misoprostol

Front 75

what 3 things can lead to using up complement?

Back 75

Post strep
MPGN type II
SLE

Front 76

a pregnant mom has eclampsia and appears that she is close to death. What might you measure in a baby to try and access fetal lung maturity? what shows that they are mature

Back 76

lecithin-to-sphinogmyelin ratio of >2.0

Front 77

which glomerular dz causes the following:

IF: granular pattern of immune complex deposition; LM: hyperceullar glomeruli:

LM: Segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis:

Back 77

IF: granular pattern of immune complex deposition; LM: hyperceullar glomeruli: Acute post strep

LM: Segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis: FSGS

Front 78

the following are antacids, what are the key side effects associated:

Aluminum hydroxide:

Magnesium hydroxide

Calcium carbonate

Back 78

Aluminum hydroxide: constipation, seizure

Magnesium hydroxide: diarrhea, cardiac arrest

Calcium carbonate: hyerpcalcemia, and chelation of other drugs (tetracyclines)

Front 79

GLomerular histology reveals multiple mesangial nodules. What is this indicactive of?

Back 79

Diabetic glomerulonephropathy

Front 80

what nerve is responsible for erection

Back 80

pelvic

remember this is parasympathetic

Pelivic, Parasymp, Point

Front 81

4 yo with facial edema and proteinuria. Tx?

Back 81

this is MC

Corticosteroids

Front 82

what provides parasympathetic innervation to the following:

Parotid:
Submandibular:
Sublingual:

Back 82

Parotid: CN IX (tympanic nerve branch)

Submandibular: CN VII

Sublingual: CN VII

Front 83

proteus causes stag horn calculi, what is the content of these stones

Back 83

Ammonium magnesium phosphate

Front 84

where are you most likely to aspirate a peanut

Back 84

right lung

shorter, wider, taller bronchus

Front 85

pt with gout or leukemia is likely to get what kind of kidney stone

Back 85

uric acid

Front 86

what is the most common location of malignant salivary tumor? benign?

Back 86

ca: Sublingual

benign: parotid

Front 87

what happens in acute interstitial nephritis? what will you see? what is it due to?

Back 87

acute renal failure
will see eosinophillia

due to drugs (1-2 weeks after administration

kids: ABX
adults: NSAIDs

tx: 2 weeks corticosteroids

Front 88

what 2 aneurysms causes the eye to look down and out

Back 88

post cerebral artery (Weber syndrome)

posterior communicating

both cause CN III palsy

Front 89

+4 blood in urine, no RBC on urine cell count...

Back 89

Rhabdomyolysis / myoglobinuria

Front 90

what makes up Hesselbach's triangle?

Back 90

Inguinal ligament
Inferior epigastric a
Lateral border rectus abdominus

Front 91

what causes prerenal azotemia? what will BUN/Cr be like?

Back 91

decreased RBF (hypotension: dehydration,shock,renal vasoconstriction, hepatorenal syndrome)

BUN/Cr >20 (BUN is really high because you are trying to hang on to everything)

Front 92

what perforates the diaphragm at different levels

Back 92

I ate ten eggs at 12

T8: IVC

T10: Esophagus

T12: Aortic hiatus

Front 93

what causes intrinsic renal failure? BUN/cr lvls?

Back 93

acture tubular necrosis or ischemia/toxins

<15

Front 94

treatment to this problem includes plasmapheresis and phototherapy

Back 94

Criegler najar I

Front 95

what causes post renal azotemia? what is BUN/Cr like?

Back 95

outflow obstruction (stones, BPH, neoplasia, congenital anomalies)

>15

Front 96

currant jelly stool

Back 96

Intusucception

Front 97

sorry, i couldn't help myself...

what are the 2 most common causes of chronic kidney dz

Back 97

HTN

Diabetes

Front 98

PAS (Periodic acid-Schiff stain) positive macrophages in intestial lamina propria. Man with joint pain, and neurologic and cardiac sx

Back 98

Whipple's dz (Tropheryma whipplei--Gram-positive Actinobacteria)

Abx 10 days, 1 year TMP-SMX

Front 99

ADPKD vs ARPKD

leads to potters:
hepatic fibrosis:
polycystic liver dz:
Berry aneurysms:
death can be due to malignant HTN:

Back 99

leads to potters: AR
hepatic fibrosis: AR
polycystic liver dz: AD
Berry aneurysms: AD
death can be due to malignant HTN: (i had a question on this, it was an adult, and this is what killed him, so I am saying AD for now)

Front 100

HYQ: pt in ER is having anaphylaxis--> you make an incision beneath thyroid cartilage to establish airway--> what strucutre was cut

Back 100

Cricothyroid membrane

Front 101

U waves on ECG is due to what

Back 101

Low K

Front 102

antibody to tissue translutaminase body

Back 102

Celiac sprue

also antibodies to gliadin

leads to blunting of villi

can't eat wheat

assoc with dermatitis herpetiformis

increased T cell lymphoma risk

primarily affects jejunum (increase folate)

Front 103

disoreintation stupor, or coma is assoc with what ion?

Back 103

Na

Front 104

aneurysm may cause bilateral loss of lateral visual fields

Back 104

ant communicating

Front 105

pt is getting an infusion with substance X. Later the pt has decreased DTRs, delirium, and cardiopulmonary arrest. What was substance X

Back 105

Mg

Front 106

describe type A and type B chronic gastritis (cause, location)

Back 106

A: Autoimmune, fundus/body

B: H. pylori, antrum (increased risk of MALT lymphoma)

Front 107

most common tumor of the urinary tract system?

histological appearance of renal cell ca?

histological appearance of chronic pyelonehpritis?

can assoc with schistosoma haematobium?

Back 107

most common tumor of the urinary tract system: TCC

histological appearance of renal cell ca: Polygomal Clear Cell

histological appearance of chronic pyelonehpritis: Thyroidsim

can assoc with schistosoma haematobium: Bladder SCC

Front 108

what is the protein problem in Kartageners

Back 108

Dynenin arm defect

messes up cillia

look for sinus invertus

Front 109

IF granular pattern of immune complex deposition; LM: diffuse capillary thickening

Back 109

Membranous

Front 110

Rugae are hypertrophied to look like brain gyri

Back 110

Menetrier's dz

Front 111

IF granular pattern of immune complex deposition; LM: hypercellular glomeruli

Back 111

Post strep glomerulinephritis

Front 112

what nerve is responsible for emission?

what about ejac?

Back 112

emission: hypogastric

ejac: pudendal

both are sympathetic

Front 113

HYQ: CT scan reveals massively enlarged kidneys bilaterally. Diagnosis?

Back 113

ADPCKD

Front 114

pain worse with meals, pt will be anorexic...what type of ulcer

Back 114

Gastric

(doudenal is soothed by eating, will see weight gain)

Front 115

what is responsible for the biconcave shape and flexibility of RBCs

Back 115

spectrin

Front 116

why do ACEi cause cough

Back 116

ACE normally breaks down bradykinin

ACEi inhibits this and increased bradykinin leads to cough

Front 117

Anisocytos=

Poikilocytosis=

Back 117

Anisocytos= varying RBC size

Poikilocytosis= varying RBC shape

Front 118

aside from reflux and chemicals, what 3 things can cause esophagitis

Back 118

HSV
CMV
Candida

Front 119

survival time of RBCs?

platelets?

Back 119

RBC=120

Platelets=8-10

days

Front 120

contralateral spastic hemiparesis
contralateral tactile and kinesthetic defect
tongue deviates toward lesion

where is the lesion? what artery is affedted

Back 120

medial medullary syndrome

anterior spinal artery

Front 121

what is the DNAAACP for eosinophils

Back 121

Drugs
Neoplasm
Asthma
Allergic process
Addisons
Collagen vascular dz
Parasites

Front 122

LLQ pain, fever, leukocytosis with bright red bleeding

Back 122

Diverticulitis

tx is Abx (think about TMP-SMX + Met)

Front 123

what type of cell are barr bodies in?

Back 123

Neutrophils

Front 124

Back 124

Front 125

What are the phagocytes for the following locations:

Brain:
Liver:
Joint:
Lung:

Back 125

Brain: microglia
Liver: kupffer cell
Joint: A cells
Lung: Dust cells

Front 126

3 common causes of small bowel obstruction

Back 126

Adhesions (previous surgery)
Bluge/Hernia
Cancer/Tumors

Front 127

what cell traditionally has memory and plays a role in immunizations

*

Back 127

B lymphocyte

Front 128

protozoal.helminth that matches the following:

Most common protozoal infection in US:

Most common helminithic in US:

snail host: swimmers itch:

transmitted in raw meat or infected cat feces

Back 128

Most common protozoal infection in US: Giardia

Most common helminithic in US: Pinworm; enterobuis vermicularis

snail host: swimmers itch: Schistosoma


transmitted in raw meat or infected cat feces: toxoplasmosis

Front 129

what is the bridge btw coagulation and complement pathway

Back 129

factor XII

Front 130

besides idiopathic what is another major cause of intussusception

Back 130

Adenovirus--infects the Peyer's patches

look for red currant jelly stool (yummy)

Front 131

why do you get purple toes etc with starting Warfarin

Back 131

while warfarin will eventually inhibit 10,9,7,2, they accutely inhibit C and S leading to hypercoaguability

give Heparin for first few days to prevent this

Front 132

contralateral loss of pain and temp, hoarseness, Horner;s...what is this due to?

Back 132

PICA--Wallenbergs

lateral medullary syndrome

Front 133

MOA of heparin

Back 133

inhibits thrombin (factor II)

co factor of antithrombin

Front 134

what is the embroylogic reason for Hirschsprungs dz?

Back 134

Failure of neural crest cell

Front 135

warfarin or heparin

which if either can be used in pregnancy

Back 135

Heparin

Front 136

how do you calculate physiologic dead space

Back 136

VD= Tidal volume x (PaCO2-PeCO2)/PaCO2

Front 137

pt is on anticoagulant and develops thrombocytopenia which was it?

Tx? MOA?

Back 137

heparin- Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (causes hypercoaguable state)

Lepiruidn or bivalirudin--directly inhibit thrombin

Front 138

pt has stomach distention with "double bubble". What would you see as a sx? what is this associated with

Back 138

bilious vomiting

Down Syndrome

this is duodenal atresia

Front 139

what drug inhibits ADP induced expression of GpIIb/IIIa

Back 139

Clopidogrel

Ticlopidine

Front 140

what does pulmonary fibrosis , insufficient surfactant, and pulmonary edema do to lung compliance?

Emphysema?

Back 140

Decrease

Emphysema: increase

Front 141

what are the following RBCs seen in

Basophilic stippling:

Bite Cells:

Schistocyte/helmet cell:

Target Cells:

Heinz bodies:

Howell-Jolly bodies:

Back 141

Basophilic stippling: Lead

Bite Cells: G6PD

Schistocyte/helmet cell: DIC/TTP/HUS/traumatic hemolysis

Target Cells: HbC dz, Asplenia, liver dz, thalassemia (THAL)

Heinz bodies: G6PD def

Howell-Jolly bodies: asplenia (sickle cell, ITP, splenic trauma)

Front 142

what 2 things can cause failure to pass meconium?

Back 142

Hirschsprungs
CF

Front 143

what is the change in the Hb of sickle cell

Back 143

Glu-->Val in B chain

Front 144

what structure in the seminiferous tubule secretes androgen binding protein, anti-mullerian hormone, and inhibin?

what hormone activates these

Back 144

Sertoli cell

makes the blood testis barrier

support sperm synthesis

FSH

Front 145

4 causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia...what is the MCV

Back 145

MCV<80

Iron def
Thalassemia
Lead poisoning
sideroblastic

CKD -apparently starts normocytic

Front 146

old man with pain after eating and bloody stool

Back 146

ischemic colitis

Front 147

marrow hyperplasia leading to chipmunk facies and crew cut xray

Back 147

B-thal major

Front 148

which form of hemoglobin is better for carrying O2? dumping it?

what factors lead to dumping O2?

what way does this move the O2 curve

Back 148

carry: relaxed

dump: taut
-low pH/increase H, 2,3 BPG, increased temp & CO2

shift to the right

Front 149

tx for lead poisoning in adults/kid

Back 149

adult: dimercaprol

kid: succimer

Front 150

What drug is used for the tx of diabetic and post surgery gastroparesis? MOA? Tox?

*

Back 150

Metaclopramide

D2 receptor antagonist (increase resting tone, contractility, LES tone, motlility)

Tartive dyskinesia (also lowers seizure threshold)

Front 151

hypocellular bone marrow with fatty infiltration....

Back 151

Aplastic anemia

(pancytopenia--anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia)

Front 152

Ipsilateral facial n paralysis, ipsilateral loss of taste from ant 2/3 tongue, ipsilateral dearness and tinnitus, nystagmus. Ipsilateral loss of pain/temp with ipsilateral horners

what is this and what artery

Back 152

Lateral inferior pontine syndrome

AICA

Front 153

if you have sickle cell or hereditary spherocytosis, what can lead to aplastic crisis?

Back 153

parvo B19

Front 154

pt with hyperpigmented mouth, lips, hands and genitalia. What else will you see? How is this dz inherited? Increased risk of?

Back 154

This is Peutz-Jeghers

nonmalignant hamartomas throughout the GI tract

AD

increased risk of CRC and other visceral malignancies

Front 155

what can you use in the treatment of sickle cell anemia?

Back 155

Hydroxyurea to increase HbF

bone marrow transplant is curative

Front 156

what treats Methemoglobin

Back 156

Methylene blue (or vit C)

Front 157

what are the 5 causes of megaloblastic anemia

Back 157

Methotrexate
AZT
Phenytoin
Liver dz
Ethanol

MAPLE

Front 158

list was is altered btw each step

Normal colon --( )-->Colon at risk-( )-->Adenoma--( )-->Carcinoma

Back 158

normal colon

LOSS of APC

colon at risk

K-RAS MUTATION

adenoma

LOSS of p53

Caricinoma

Front 159

what is the cause of anemia given the following statement:

Microcytic anemia reversible with B6:

HIV positive pt with macrocytic anemia:

normocytic anemia and elevated creatinine :

Back 159

Microcytic anemia reversible with B6: sideroblastic anemia

HIV positive pt with macrocytic anemia: Zidovudine

normocytic anemia and elevated creatinine : kidney failure

Front 160

what anti-hypertensive drug cause the following:

Dry mouth, sedation, severe rebound HTN:

Metabolic alkalosis:

Back 160

Dry mouth, sedation, severe rebound HTN: Clonidine

Metabolic alkalosis: Loop diuretic

Front 161

pt presents with painful abdomen, port red urine, polyneuropathy, and psychological disturbances. What is this and what drug might they be on? enzyme affected

Back 161

Acture intermittent porphyria

Barbiturates

porphobilinogen deaminase

Front 162

what causes FAP? What does it lead to? What is always involved? What other physical symptom will you see

Back 162

AD mutation of APC gene

100% progress to CRC

always involves rectum

Pigmented lesions on retina

Front 163

man presents with blisters on sun exposed areas of his body and he has darkening of his face with a large amount of hair. What does he have? affected enzyme?

Back 163

Porphyria cutanea tarda

Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase

Front 164

how can methemoglobin tx cynaide poisoning? how do you get this methemoglobin

Back 164

Nitrites oxidize hemoglobin to methemoglobin (Fe 3)

this then binds up cyanide

Front 165

decreased Gp1b-->defect in platelet to collagen adhesions

Back 165

Bernard soulier dz

Front 166

FAP + osseous and soft tissue tumors, retinal hyperplasia

Back 166

Gardner's syndrome

Front 167

GpIIb/IIIa antibodies-->peripheral platelet destruction

Back 167

Idiopathic thrmobocytopenic purpura (ITP)

Front 168

contralateral hemianopia with macular sparing

Back 168

posterior cerebral artery

Front 169

decreased GpIIb/IIIa -->defect in platelet to platelet aggregation

Back 169

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia

Front 170

HYQ: 40 year old woman presents wtih having to defecate 4 times a day for several months with a constant low grade abdominal pain that is somewhat relieved by defectaion. Colonoscopy is normal. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Back 170

IBS

Front 171

pt has neurologic and renal sx, fever, thrombocytopenia, and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia...what does he have? what is deficient?

Back 171

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

def of ADAMTS 13 (vWF metalloprotease)-->degrades vWF thrombosis

Front 172

HYQ:

42 yo woman with fibroids is chronically tired. Most likely diagnosis? changes that have occured in the O2 content and sat?

Back 172

Anemia

No change in O2 content or sat

Front 173

what are some of the causes of DIT

Back 173

STOP Making New Thrombi

Sepsis (G-)
Trauma
Obstetric
Pancreatitis
Malignancy
Nephrotic syndrome
Transfusion

Front 174

HYQ: 50 yo man complains of diarrhea. On exam, his face is plethoric and a heart murmur is detected. What is diagnosis

Back 174

Carcinoid

Front 175

What is the rate-limiting step in heme synthesis

Back 175

aminolevulinic acid synthase

Front 176

what cell in men secretes testosterone

what hormone activates these cells

Back 176

leydig

LH

Front 177

what are the following tests associated with:

Hams:
DEB:
Heinz body:
D-Dimer:
Basophilic stippling:
Osmotic fragility test:
(+) ristocetin test:

Back 177

Hams: Paroxsymal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
DEB: Fanconi's anemai
Heinz body: G6PD
D-Dimer: DIC
Basophilic stippling: Thalassemia, ACD, Iron def, LEAD POISONING
Osmotic fragility test: hereditary spherocytosis
(+) ristocetin test: vWF dz

Front 178

tx for esophageal varicies?

Back 178

B-blockers

(propranolol or nadolol)

Front 179

Hodgkin vs Non-Hodgkin

Reed-Sternberg Cells
Bimodal distribution:
Assoc with HIV
B symptoms:
Mostly involves B cells:
Peripheral nodes, noncontiguous spread:
Local nodes: contiguous spread:

Back 179

Reed-Sternberg Cells: H
Bimodal distribution: H
Assoc with HIV: NH
B symptoms: H
Mostly involves B cells: NH
Peripheral nodes, noncontiguous spread: NH
Local nodes: contiguous spread: H

Front 180

HTN Pt is shown to have hypoxia and CXR reveals an enlarged heart..most likely cause of hypoxia?

Back 180

Heart failure

Front 181

what is the most common type of AML and the translocation associated?

Back 181

M3 type

t(15,17)

Front 182

increased PT/INR, decreased LDL/HDL, and decreased platelets...what might be the cause

Back 182

Liver failure

Front 183

Leukemia buzzwords:

Smudge cell:
Children:
TRAP:
Philadelphia chromosome:
Auer Rods:

Back 183

Smudge cell: CLL
Children: ALL
TRAP: Hairy cell
Philadelphia chromosome: CML
Auer Rods: AML

Front 184

what cerebral artery can lead to bitemporal hemianopia?

Back 184

Anterior communicating a

Front 185

What is most likely to cause progression to AML

Back 185

CML

Front 186

what is the size cut off for micro and macronodular cirrhosis? what is the cause for each

Back 186

micro: nodules <3mm, metabolic insult (alcohol, hemochromatosis, wilsons)

macro: >3mm, liver injury (postinfectious or drug induced hepatitis)

Front 187

What drug targets the Philadelphia chromosome? what is this treating?

Back 187

Imatinib

CML

Front 188

what constitutes pulmonary HTN (pressures)

Back 188

resting >25mmHg

or >35 during exercise

Front 189

what leukemia/lymphoma is most likely to cause bone pain

Back 189

ALL

Front 190

ALT>AST =

AST>ALT =

Back 190

ALT>AST = viral hepatitis

AST>ALT = alcoholic hepatitis

Front 191

Birbeck granules ("tennis rackets" on EM)

Back 191

Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Front 192

what thalamic nuclei is assoc with the following:

cerebellum (dentate nuc) and basal ganglia--> motor cortex

mamillothalamic tract--> cingulate gyrus

integration of visual auditory, and somesthetic input:

Memory loss results if destroyed

Back 192

cerebellum (dentate nuc) and basal ganglia--> motor cortex: VL

mamillothalamic tract--> cingulate gyrus: anterior nucleus

integration of visual auditory, and somesthetic input: pulvinar

Memory loss results if destroyed: medial dorsal

Front 193

woman says she itches when she is in the shower. She says she has pain in her hands/fingers that is relieved with aspirin. what does she have

Back 193

polycythemia vera

Front 194

how do kids get reyes syndrome

Back 194

have viral infection (especially VZV or influenza B) and they are given salicylates

causes hepatoencephalopathy

Front 195

give the hematological dz that matches the following:

AML assoc with Downs:

Leukemia with more mature cells and less than 5% blasts:

PAS + acute leukemia:

Back 195

AML assoc with Downs: M7 AML

Leukemia with more mature cells and less than 5% blasts: Chronic leukemia

PAS + acute leukemia: ALL

Front 196

inactivation of the BMPR2 gene will lead to what?

**

Back 196

Primary pulmonary HTN

this gene normally inhibits vascular smooth muscle proliferation

poor prognosis

Front 197

give the hematological dz that matches the following:

Greater than 20% blasts in marrow:

myleodysplastic/proliferative disorders may progress to:

numerous basophils, splenomegaly, and negative for leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP):

Back 197

Greater than 20% blasts in marrow: acute leukemia

myleodysplastic/proliferative disorders may progress to: AML

numerous basophils, splenomegaly, and negative for leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP): CML

Front 198

what causes nutmeg liver

Back 198

right sided HF and Budd-Chiari syndrome

Front 199

give the hematological dz that matches the following:

most common neonatal leukemia:

associated with the BCR-ABL genes:

assoc with sjogren, hashimoto's thyroiditis, and h pylori:

Back 199

most common neonatal leukemia: M7 AML

associated with the BCR-ABL genes: CML

assoc with sjogren, hashimoto's thyroiditis, and h pylori: Marginal cell MALToma

Front 200

Patient is aware and awake but cannot move or communicate verbally due to complete paralysis of nearly all voluntary muscles in the body except for the eyes

Back 200

Basilar

locked in syndrome

CN III is spared

Front 201

give the hematological dz that matches the following:

acute leukemia positive for peroxidase:

solid sheets of lymphoblasts in marrow:

PAS (-) acute leukemia:

Back 201

give the hematological dz that matches the following:

acute leukemia positive for peroxidase: AML

solid sheets of lymphoblasts in marrow: ALL

PAS (-) acute leukemia: AML

Front 202

What is Budd-Chiari syndrome

Back 202

occlusion of the IVC or hepatic veins leading to congestive liver dz

absence of JVD distinguishes it from CHF

Front 203

describe the following in DIC

BT:
PT:
PTT:
Platelet count:

Back 203

BT: increase
PT: increase
PTT: increase
Platelet count: decrease

Front 204

MOA of Bosentan?

Use

Back 204

competitively antagonize endothelin 1 receptors

decrease pulmonary vascular resistance (Pulmonary HTN)

Front 205

HYQ: 11 year old child presents with a chronic non-healing ulcer on his foot and imaging shows a small calcified spleen. What drug can improve his sx?

Back 205

This is sickle cell

Hydroxyurea

Front 206

alpha 1 antitrypsin def leads to 2 problems...where

Back 206

lungs (panacinar emphysema)

and hepatocellular ER

Front 207

what accumulates if you have a failure of Meiosis I? II?

Back 207

I: primary spermatocytes

II: secondary spermatocytes

Front 208

compare primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis in the following ways

Autoimmune:
p-ANCA
AMA:
Men:
Women
Assoc with autoimmune:
Increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma:

Back 208

Autoimmune: PBC
p-ANCA: PSC
AMA: PBC
Men: PSC
Women: PBC
Assoc with autoimmune: PBC
Increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma: PSC

Front 209

PAO2=

Back 209

150 - (PACO2/.8)

Front 210

Cirrhosis
Diabetes mellitus
Skin pigmentation

what is this? what can lead to this?

Back 210

Hemochromatosis

chronic transfusion therapy (B-thal or sickle cell)

increased ferritin, iron, and decreased TIBC

Front 211

Nimodipine is a CCB that can be used to tx what

Back 211

vasospasm of blood vessels due to subarachnoid hemorrhage

Front 212

60 year old female with rheumatoid arthritis and no alcohol history presents with fatigue and right abdominal pain, lab studies reveal high levels of ANA and ASMA, elevated serum IgG lvls, and no viral serologic markers

Back 212

Autoimmune hepatitis

Front 213

What is the difference btw hypoxemia and hypoxia and ischemia?

Back 213

Hypoxemia: decreased alveloar O2 content

Hypoxia: decreased O2 delivery to tissue

Ischemia: loss of blood flow

Front 214

LKM1 antiboides=

Back 214

Autoimmune hep

Anti-liver kidney microsome type 1 antibody

Front 215

inhibits ribonucleotide reductase

Back 215

hydroxyurea

Front 216

total or subtotal atrophy of the small bowel villi, plasma cells, and lymphocyte infiltration into the lamina propria and epithelium and hyperplasia/elongation of crypts

Back 216

Celiac sprue

Front 217

compare V/Q at the base and apex of the lung

Back 217

Base=.6 (wasted perfusion)

Apex=3 (wasted ventilation)

note: both ventialation and perfusion are greater at the base of the lung than at the apex

Front 218

ERCP reveals alternating strictures and dilation

Back 218

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Front 219

shaken baby syndrome will cause what type of hematoma

Back 219

subdural

also associated with falls

Front 220

What type of stone is seen in pts with alcoholic cirrhosis, advanced age and biliary infection?

what about obesity, chrons, cystic fibrosis, native american origin:

Back 220

What type of stone is seen in pts with alcoholic cirrhosis, advanced age and biliary infection: Pigment stones

what about obesity, chrons, cystic fibrosis, native american origin: Cholesterol stones

Front 221

what is going on when V/Q approaches zero? can you tx with O2?

what is going on when V/Q is near infinity? can you tx with O2?

Back 221

what is going on when V/Q approaches zero: airway obstruction (shunt) can you tx with O2: NO

what is going on when V/Q is near infinity: blood flow obstruction (physioloic dead space) can you tx with O2: yes

Front 222

Murphy's sign will show what

Back 222

Cholecystitis-inflammation of the gallbladder

insipratory arrest on deep palpation due to pain

Front 223

MOA of flutamide?

Use?

Back 223

competitive inhibitor of androgens at the testosterone receptor

prostate cancer

Front 224

air seen in biliary tree imaging...cause?

Back 224

gallstone

Front 225

Opening snap

Back 225

mitral stenosis

Front 226

what causes acute pancreatitis

2 major complications?

Back 226

GET SMASHED

Gallstones
Ethanol
Trauma
Steroids
Mumps
Autoimmune dz
Scorpion sting
Hypercalcemia/Hyperlipidemia
ERCP
Drugs

DIC and ARDS

Front 227

what leads to parenchymal hematoma?

where do they occur?

Back 227

HTN

basal ganglia and internal capsule

Front 228

pt comes in with steatorrhea, vitamin D deficiency, and DM. What would you likely see in his history

Back 228

Alcoholism

this is chronic pancreatitis

Front 229

most common opportunistic infection in AIDS

Back 229

pneumoncystis jiroveci pneumonia

Front 230

what is Courvoisier's sign? what is it associated with?

Back 230

obstructive jaundice with palpable gallbladder

pancreatic adenocarcinoma

note: this is assoc with cigs, but not EtOH

Front 231

use of macrolides

Back 231

Pneumonia
URI
STDS

Front 232

MOA of ondansetron?

use?

tox?

Back 232

5HT3 antagonist

post op vomiting (or cancer pts doing chemo, or morning sickness)

headache (remember sumatriptan relieved headaches)

Front 233

osteomyelitis with IV drug use

Back 233

pseudomonas or S. aureus

Front 234

DOC for morning sickness in preggo lady

Back 234

Ondansetron

5HT3 antagonist

Front 235

what type of hemorrhage would be seen in a newborn

Back 235

Intraventricular hemorrhage in the newborn

Front 236

what are the tumor markers for pancreatic cancer (2)

Back 236

Ca 19-9

CEA

Front 237

most common malignant ovarian tumor? marker? histo finding?

Back 237

Serous Cystadenocarcinoma

CA125

Psommoma body

Front 238

most common salivary tumor? second? most common location?

Back 238

pleomorphic adenoma
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
parotid gland

(warthin is second most common benign)

Front 239

T/F with BPH you have hypertrophy of the prostate

Back 239

FALSE

Hyperplasia

Front 240

triad of hemochromatosis?

Back 240

Cirrhosis
DM
Skin pigmentation

Front 241

give the most common pt with

ALL
CLL
AML
CML

Back 241

ALL: child
CLL: adult over 60
AML: adult over 60
CML: adult 35-50

Front 242

difference btw wet and dry beri beri?

what are they due to?

Back 242

Dry: neuopathy with myelin degeneration (toe drop, wrist drop foot drop, muscle weakness)

Wet: peripheral vasodilation-->high-output cardiac failure-->peripheral edema (cardiomegaly)

B1 thiamine deficiency

Front 243

a young obese female with headaches that are worst in the morning and papilledema....How do you diagnose this problem

Back 243

elevated CSF pressure

Pseudotumor cerebri

first line tx is acetazolamide (also consider removing vitamin A)

Front 244

give the name of the following vitamins:

B1:
A:
B5:
B6:
E:

Back 244

B1: thiamine
A: retinal
B5: pantothenic acid
B6: pyridoxine
E: alpha-tocopherol

Front 245

Philideplphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl)

Back 245

CML

Front 246

give the other name:

B9
B3
B2
C
B12

Back 246

B9: Folic acid
B3: Niacin
B2: Riboflavin
C: ascorbic acid
B12: cobalamin

Front 247

ligament that connects ovary to lateral pelvic wall:

ligament that connects uterine fundus to labia majora:

connectes uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries to side wall

ovary to lateral uterus

cervix to side wall of pelvis

Back 247

ligament that connects ovary to lateral pelvic wall: Suspensory

ligament that connects uterine fundus to labia majora: Round

connectes uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries to side wall: Broad

ovary to lateral uterus: Ligament of the ovary

cervix to side wall of pelvis: Cardinal

Front 248

pt has fissuring at the corner of the mouth along with glossitis and dermatitis...what is deficient

Back 248

Riboflavin
iron
niacin
folate
B12

Front 249

most common Primary tumor arising in bone (adults)

Back 249

multiple myeloma

Front 250

small child with swollen belly...what is the problem

Back 250

Kwashiorkor--protein malnutrition

will have skin lesions and edema

Kwashi is squashy (edema)

Front 251

Oligoclonal bands are seen in what?

what is the gold standard of diagnosing this problem?

Back 251

Multiple sclerosis

MRI

Front 252

energy malnutrition resulting in tissue and muscle wasting

Back 252

marasmus

complete nutrient deficiency

Front 253

most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism

Back 253

adenoma of adrenal cortex

Front 254

HYQ: vitamin c is necessary for the hydroxylation of which amino acids in collagen synthesis?

Back 254

Proline and Lysine

Front 255

alpha 1 antagonist used to treat BPH?

Back 255

Tamsulosin

hits the alpha 1AD receptor specific to prostate

Front 256

What vitamins have a function similar to reduced gluathione?

Back 256

E
A
C

Front 257

top 3 causes of primary hyperparathyroidism

Back 257

Adenoma
Hyperplasia
Carcinoma

Front 258

HYQ: an alcoholic develops a rash, diarrhea, and altered mental status. What does he have and what is the causes

Back 258

Pellegra

B3 deficiency

(could be hartnups!)

Front 259

muscle weakness and atrophy with CSF showing lymphocytic pleocytosis with elevation of protein

Back 259

Poliomyelitis

Front 260

which vitamin deficiency matches the following description:

Increased RBC fragility:

Peripheral neuropathy, angular cheliosis, glossititis:

Bitot's spots, keratomalacia, xerophthalmia:

Back 260

Increased RBC fragility: E

Peripheral neuropathy: B12

Bitot's spots, keratomalacia, xerophthalmia: vitamin A

Front 261

most common cause of pulmonary HTN

Back 261

COPD

Front 262

Which vitamin matches the following statement:

Can be used to treat acne and psoriasis:

used in oxidation/reduction reactions:

given prophylactically to newborns:

can be sued to elevate HDL and lower LDL:

Back 262

Can be used to treat acne and psoriasis: vitamin A

used in oxidation/reduction reactions: Niacin/ riboflavin (b3)

given prophylactically to newborns: vitamin K

can be sued to elevate HDL and lower LDL: Niacin

Front 263

melanocytes and chromafin cells are made from what?

Back 263

Neural crest

Front 264

what are the sx of zinc deficiency

Back 264

poor wound healing, hair loss

Front 265

recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessles in extremities

Back 265

Buerger's dz (smoking)

Front 266

what vitamins should vegetarian hippies supplement in their diet

Back 266

B12

Front 267

tx for acute scanning speech, intention tremor, and nystagumus?

chronic

Back 267

this is acute MS

acute: corticosteroids

chronic: B-interferon

Front 268

S3 is associated with what

Back 268

Increased ventricular filling (L->R shunt, mitral regurg, LV failure, CHF)

Think ventricular dilation

dilated cardiomyopathy

Front 269

what BPH drugs work fastest? Which will lower your PSA

Back 269

fastest: alpha blockers

lower PSA: 5alpha reductase inhibitors

Front 270

S4 is associated with what

Back 270

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle

(aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

Front 271

What happens in internuclear ophthalmoplegia?

what is this associated with?

will convergence be normal?

Back 271

lesion in the medial longitudinal fasiculus

medial rectus palsy on attempted lateral gaze

assoc with MS

convergence is normal, the medial rectus works, its just a problem in the MLF

Front 272

major cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism

Back 272

hypocalcemia of chronic kidney dz (can't make vit D)

Front 273

what cell is affected by LH and FSH respectively in females? Which does each make

Back 273

LH-->Theca-->Androstendione (has 17alpha)

FSH-->Granulosa-->Estrogen (has aromatase)

Front 274

most common cause of SIADH

Back 274

small cell carcinoma of the lung

Front 275

defect in superoxide dismutase 1 is associated with what?

tx?

Back 275

ALS (upper and lower MN dmg)

Riluzole

Front 276

most common site of diverticula

Back 276

sigmoid colon

Front 277

what will happen with PSA in prostate cancer

Back 277

decreased fraction of free PSA

Front 278

most common sites of atherosclerosis

Back 278

abdomina aorta
coronory a
popliteal
carotid

Front 279

pt with staggering gait, frequent falling, nsytagmus, hammertoes.

Back 279

Autsomal recessive trinucleotide repeat...

Freidreich's ataxia (frataxin gene--FRAT)

Front 280

most common stomach ca

Back 280

adenocarcinoma

Front 281

Hemosiderinuria + thrombosis =

Back 281

Paraoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Front 282

T(14,18):

t (8; 14):

t(9;22):

t(11,14):

Back 282

T(14,18): follicular lymphoma (bcl 2)

t (8; 14): Burkkits (c myc)

t(9;22): Philadelphia (bcr-abl; assoc with CML)

t(11,14): Mantle cell lymphoma

Front 283

What happens in Brown-Sequard syndrome

Back 283

hemisection of spinal cord

ipsilater UMN signs

ipsilateral loss of dorsal column

Contralateral pain and temp loss

ipsilateral loss of all sensations at lvl of lesion

LMN signs at level of lesion

Front 284

most important sequale of temporal arteritis

Back 284

ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery

can also lead to polymyalgia rheumatica

Front 285

What consideration must you make when evaluating prostatitis

Back 285

<35 --> Gonorrhea/ Chlamydia cause

>35-->UTI bugs

Front 286

what is a tumor marker for seminoma

Back 286

Placental Alkaline Phosphatase

Front 287

40 yr man gets early dementia and uncontrollable movements of his upper extremities. What portion of his brain do you expect to see atrophy

Back 287

Caudate

this is Huntingtons

Front 288

tumor of the adrenal medulla in kids

Back 288

adrenal neuroblastoma (homer-wright rosettes)

Front 289

what is an indicator of fetal well being

Back 289

estriol

Front 290

most common type of hodkins? non-hodgkins

Back 290

Hodgkins: Nodular sclerosis

Non: Diffuse large cell

Front 291

male pt presents with involuntary flailing of one arm...where is the lesion

Back 291

hemiballismus--> contralateral subthalamic nucleus

Front 292

Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

Back 292

HSV

Front 293

malignant, painless testicular enlargement with fried egg appearance

Back 293

Seminoma

Front 294

t(11, 22)

Back 294

Ewing

Front 295

pt cannot abduct her left eye on lateral gaze and convergence is normal. She is also having trouble smiling. In what part of the CNS is there a lesion

Back 295

Pontine lesion

Front 296

tachypnea, tachycardia and confusion in a hospital setting

Back 296

PE

Front 297

lytic bone lesions on xray

Back 297

Multiple myeloma

Front 298

HYQ: pt suffers a stroke after incurring multiple long bone fractures in a skiing accident. What caused the infarct

Back 298

Fat embolism

Front 299

when does babinski sign disappear in babies?

Back 299

1st year of life

Front 300

Hallmark of COPD

Back 300

Decreased FEV1/FVC

(I say less than .8... I know you said a different number)

Front 301

Schiller Duval bodies

Back 301

Yolk Sac

young kids (3 y)

Front 302

productive cough for 3 consecutive months in 2 years. What is this? histologically what can you see

Back 302

Chronic Bronchitis

Gland depth/total thickness of bronchial wall (Reid index >50)

Front 303

what is the moro reflex?

rooting?

Back 303

moro: hang on for life, abduct then draw together

rooting: move head toward side if you stroke cheek (looking for nipple)

Front 304

what causes centriacinar and panacinar emphysema respectively

Back 304

centriacinar: smoking

panacinar: alpha-1-antitrypsin def (look for a 20 yo with ephysema)

Front 305

pt presents with vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss?

Back 305

Meniere's dz

Front 306

how long does the corpus luteum maintain pregnancy with progesterone in the presence of bHCG?

Back 306

6-7 weeks

after this the placenta runs house

Front 307

what hormones use steroid receptors?

Back 307

VET CAP

Vit D
Estrogen
Testosterone
Corisol
Aldosterone
Progesterone

also T3/4

Front 308

DD for eosinophilla

Back 308

DNAAACP

Drugs
Neoplasm
Atopy (allergy, asthma, churg strauss)
Addisons
Acute interstitial nephritis
Collagen vascular dz
Parasites

Front 309

Lactulose is used for what?

MOA?

Back 309

tx for urea cycle related hyperammonemia

broken down by bacteria and makes an acidic pH. Traps the ammonia in the gut and takes it out with it (can also pull it from the blood)

Front 310

Triad of MS

Back 310

Intention tremor
Scanning speech
Nystagmus

Front 311

what drug can help treat Crigler Najar syndrome

Back 311

Phenobarbital

increases glucuronyl transferase activity

Front 312

what crainial nerve nuclei are in the midbrain?

Back 312

CN III and CN IV

Front 313

inability to export absorbed lipids as chylomicrons leading to failure to thrive, steatorrhea, acanthocytosis, ataxia, and night blindness

Back 313

Abetalipoproteinemia

tx: vitamin E

Front 314

what drugs tend to cause tardive dyskinesia

Back 314

Typical antipsychotics

Front 315

what hormones use cAMP?

Back 315

FLAT CHAMP

FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
CRH
hCG
ADH
MSH
PTH

Front 316

what is the long acting B-agonist for asthma? tox?

Back 316

Salmeterol

can lead to desensitization of B receptors

Front 317

What amino acid is the precursor to the following molecule:

HIstamine:
Porphyrin, heme:
NO:

Back 317

HIstamine: histidine
Porphyrin, heme: glycine
NO: arginine

Front 318

what kind of drug is butorphanol?

use?

Back 318

Partial agonist at opioid mu receptor

used for pain

Front 319

1st line tx for trigeminal neuralgia

Back 319

Carbamazepine

Front 320

Reinke crystals, androgen producing, gynecomatia in men, precocious puberty in boys...

Back 320

Leydig cell tumor

Front 321

What amino acid is the precursor to the following molecule:

GABA:
SAM:
Creatine:

Back 321

GABA: glutamate
SAM: methionine
Creatine: arginine

Front 322

pt with abnormal uterine bleeding leading to iron def anemia. You biopsy and see whorled pattern of smooth muscle bundles

Back 322

Leiomyoma

Front 323

Methicillin, NSAIDs, and furosemide can cause what

Back 323

interstitial nephritis

Front 324

MOA of Theophylline

Back 324

inhibits phosphodiesterase decreasing cAMP hydrolysis

metabolized by P450, blocks actions of adenosine

Front 325

rate limiting enzyme for the following:

HMP shunt:
Bile acid synth:
Heme synth:

Back 325

HMP shunt: Glucose-6-P-dehydrogenase
Bile acid synth: 7-alpha-hydroxylase
Heme synth: aminolevulanic synthase

Front 326

MOA of Tramadol

Back 326

weak opioid agonist and inhibits 5HT and NE (tram it all in)

chronic pain

Front 327

MOA of Sumatriptan?

Use?

Tox?

Back 327

5HT1B/1D agonist (vasoconstriction)

acute migraine, cluster headache

tox: coronary vasospasm, contraindicated in ppl with angina

Front 328

what crainial nerve nuclei are in the pons?

Back 328

CN V, VI, VII, VIII

Front 329

HYQ: pt with PKU shouldn't have phenylalanine, what else should you do to the diet

Back 329

increase tyrosine

Front 330

pt with tinnitus, dizziness, headaches, and GI distress. What drug caused this

Back 330

Quinine

Quinadine

Front 331

severe menstrual related pain

Back 331

endometriosis

often results in infertility

seen most commonly on ovary--chocolate cyst

Front 332

MOA of ipratropium

use?

Back 332

competitive blocker of M receptors

asthma/COPD

Front 333

1st line tx of cluster headache

Back 333

O2

Front 334

Low MAC does what to potency? what does this do to Km

Back 334

raises potency

lowers Km

Front 335

HYQ: 2 yo girl with increased abdominal girth, failure to thrive, and skin/hair depigmentation...

Back 335

Kwashiorkor

Front 336

what changes in to vmax and or Km do you see in the following:

competitive antag:

noncompetitive antag:

Back 336

competitive antag: increase Km (decrease potency)

noncompetitive antag: decrease vmax and efficacy

Front 337

nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus can be caused by what

Back 337

Lithium (demeclocycline too)

Front 338

what kind of drug is atomoxetine? use?

Back 338

SNRI

ADHD

Front 339

HYQ: pt with genetic dz in which the tx includes protein restriction to prevent mental retardation, ketoacidosis, and death. Diagnosis?

Back 339

Maple syrup urine dz

Front 340

MOA of cromoyln...?

can you use it for acute attacks?

Back 340

prevents release of histamine from mast cells

NO, takes days to start working

Front 341

blown pupil should make you think

Back 341

Uncal herniation

Front 342

name the major side effect of the following inhaled anesthetics

Halothane:

Methoxyflurane:

Enflurane:

Back 342

Halothane: hepatotox

Methoxyflurane: nephrotox

Enflurane: proconvuslant

Front 343

HYQ: 18 yo F has moderate generalized abdominal pain, normal WBC, no fever. She has paresthesias in lower extremities. Dg?

Back 343

Acute intermittent prophyria

Front 344

what crainial nerve nuclei are in the medulla?

Back 344

CN IX, X, XI, XII

Front 345

neutrophils fail to respond to chemotactic stimuli

Back 345

Job or leukocyte adhesion def

Front 346

most common herediatry bleeding disorder

Back 346

vWillebrand disease

Front 347

HYQ: 45 yo male alcoholic gets blistering lesions in sun exposed areas especially the dorsum of the hands. He also has hypertrichosis of the face. Diagnosis

Back 347

Porphyria cutanea tarda

Front 348

1st line tx of chronic asthma

Back 348

corticosteroids

Front 349

what primary brain tumor is assoc with polycythemia?

Back 349

Hemangioblastoma

(VHL)

Front 350

what drug would you consider using for a pt that is going to have endoscopy

Back 350

Midazolam

Front 351

MOA of cyclosporine?

use?

tox?

Back 351

inhibits calcineurin and prevents production of IL-2

suppresses organ rejection

predisposes to viral infections and lymphoma; nephrotox (preventable with mannitol)

Front 352

Old man with tumor on the ball

Back 352

testicular lymphoma

Front 353

what anti-depressant lowers the seizure threshold

Back 353

Buproprion

smoking cessation

Front 354

MOA of Leuprolide?

3 uses

Back 354

GnRH analog with agonist properties when used pulsatile, antag when used continuous

1. infertility (pulsitile)
2. prostate cancer (continuous)
3. uterine fibroids (continuous)

Front 355

MOA of tacrolimis

use?

tox?

Back 355

binds to FK binding protein and inhibits IL2 secretion

organ transplant (or topically for eczema)

tox: nephro tox and peripheral neuropathy

Front 356

what drugs are good for aspirin induced asthma?

which can be used in 1 year olds?

Back 356

Lukast drugs

block leukotriene receptors

lil guys can use Montelukast

Front 357

what allele is assoc with Alzheimer's dz?

why is it so common in Downs

Back 357

APP gene

found on chrom 21, downs has 3 copies

Front 358

Thiopental vs ketamine:

Cerebral bloodflow

Back 358

Thiopental: decreased cerebral blood flow

ketamine: increased cerebral bloodflow

Front 359

MOA of sirolimus?

use?

Back 359

binds mTOR, inhibits IL2

immunosuppression after kidney transplant

Front 360

if the vagus is lesioned, what can you look at to observe this? how will it move

Back 360

uvula will deviate away

(one side of the palate is working and pulling it up, the other side is not, so it deviates away)

Front 361

post menopausal vaginal bleeding

Back 361

endometrial hyperplasia or endometrial carcinoma

Front 362

HLA b27 associations

Back 362

PAIR

Psoriasis
Ankylosing sponylitis
IBD (ulcerative colitis)
Reiters

Front 363

MOA of Azathoprine?

tox

Back 363

precursor of 6MP, interferes with metabolism and synth of nucleic acid

remember allopurinol will prevent breakdown

Front 364

CF and Kartagener's dz can predispose people to this form of COPD

Back 364

Bronchiectasis: chronic necrotizing infection of bronchi->permanently dilated airways, purulent sputum, recurrent infections hemoptysis

Front 365

43 yo man with dizziness and tinnitus. CT shows enlarged internal acoustic meatus....

Back 365

acoustic schwanoma

Front 366

DOC for rapid anesthesia induction?

Back 366

Propofol

Front 367

Muromonab MOA?

use?

Back 367

MAB that binds CD3 of T cells

immunosuppresion after kidney transplant

Front 368

where are Meiosis I and II arrested in? until what happens

Back 368

Meiosis I: prophase until ovulation

Meiosis II: metaphase until fertilization

Front 369

what TB drug has an increased risk of seizure?

Back 369

Isoniazid

Front 370

what effect does sex hormone binding globulin have in males and females respectively

Back 370

if SHBG is increased in men-->gynecomastia

decreased SHBG in female-->hirsutism

Front 371

which immunosuppressant fits the following:

Precursor of 6MP:

may prevent nephrotox with mannitol:

inhibits calcinuerin:

metabolized by xanthine oxidase:

Back 371

Precursor of 6MP: Azathroprine

may prevent nephrotox with mannitol: Cyclosporine

inhibits calcinuerin: Cyclosporine

metabolized by xanthine oxidase: Azatthoprine

Front 372

mom looks like she might die and you are considering delivering the baby early. What could you give mom to help prevent neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Back 372

steroids to mature the type II pneumocytes

note: can give the preemie baby artificial surfactant after birth

Front 373

High triglycerides causes what

Back 373

pancreatitis

Front 374

if the hypoglossal n. is damaged, what will indicate the lesion?

Back 374

tongue will deviate towards the side of the lesion

Front 375

HLA DR3/4

Back 375

DM 1
RA
SLE

Front 376

Coal miners, silicosis, asbestosis

Affects upper lobes:
Likely to become cancer:
Eggshell calcification of hilar lymph node:
Affects lower lobes:
Golden-brown fusiform rods:

Back 376

Affects upper lobes: Coal, Silicosis
Likely to become cancer: Asbestosis (bronchogenic or mesothelioma)
Eggshell calcification of hilar lymph node: Silicosis
Affects lower lobes: Asbestosis
Golden-brown fusiform rods: Asbestosis

Front 377

nerve blockade

which is knocked out first
small or large?

myelinated or unmyelinated?

size or myelin?

Back 377

Small> large

myelin> un

size> myelin

Front 378

what testicular tumor fits the following

composed of cytotrophoblasts and synctiotrophoblasts:

histologic appearance similar to kiolocytes:
histologically may have alveolar or tubular appearance sometimes with papillary convolutions:

Back 378

composed of cytotrophoblasts and synctiotrophoblasts: choriocarcinoma

histologic appearance similar to kiolocytes: seminoma

histologically may have alveolar or tubular appearance sometimes with papillary convolutions: Embryonal

Front 379

definitive diagnosis and tx of this uterine pathology is by laproscopy

Back 379

endometriosis

look for pelvic pain with menstruation

Front 380

in a tension pneumo, what way will the trachea deviate

Back 380

away from the lesion

Front 381

side effect of bupivicaine?

Back 381

severe cardiotox

local anesthetic

Front 382

2 things that can lead to bilateral Bell's palsy

Back 382

Guillan Barre and Lyme

Front 383

holosystolic murmur

Back 383

VSD, tricuspid regurg, mitral rgurg

Front 384

most common lung cancer in a non-smoking female? where is it located

Back 384

Adenocarcinoma

Peripheral

Front 385

Opiod used for cough suppresant:

tx diarrhea?

Back 385

Dextramathorphan

loperamide

Front 386

where are the following hormones secreted:

Progesterone:

Parathyroid hormone:

Estadiol
Estriol
Estrone

Back 386

Progesterone: ovary

Parathyroid hormone: chief cells of the parathyroid
Estadiol: ovary
Estriol: placenta
Estrone: fat

Front 387

defective tyrosine kinase genes (what immunodef)

Back 387

Bruntons

Front 388

decreased breath sounds, dullness and decreased fremitus. what does this pt have?

Back 388

Plueral effusion

Front 389

what drug is IV and does not induce histamine release like morphine

Back 389

fentnyl

Front 390

what nerve does the following:

monitors the carotid body and baroreceptors

sensation to ant. tongue:

Back 390

monitors the carotid body and baroreceptors: IX

sensation to ant. tongue: V3

Front 391

most common cause of secondary HTN

Back 391

Renal dz

chronic kidney dz or renal a. stenosis

Front 392

Common bacterial cause of COPD exacerbation

Back 392

H. influ

Front 393

give Rate limiting enzyme of the following:

Glycolysis
Gluconeogenesis
TCA cycle
Glycogen synthesis
Glycogenolysis:

Back 393

Glycolysis: Phosphofructokinase 1

Gluconeogenesis: Fructose 1-6 bisphosphate

TCA cycle: Isocitrate dehydrogenatse

Glycogen synthesis: glycogen sythnase

Glycogenolysis: glycogen phosphorylase

Front 394

55 yo man on tx for BPH has increased testosterone and decreased DHT as well as gynecomastia and edema...medication?

Back 394

Finasteride

Front 395

infertility, obestiy, amenorrhea, hirsutism...

what are LH, FSH, and testosterone lvls like?

tx?

Back 395

LH increased
FSH decreased
Testosterone increased

this is PCOS

tx: clomiphine, OCPs, weight loss

Front 396

tx for atypical pneumonia

**

Back 396

Macrolide

Front 397

give Rate limiting enzyme of the following:

HMP shunt:

De novo pyrimidine synth:

De novo purine synth:

Urea cycle:

Back 397

HMP shunt: G6PD

De novo pyrimidine synth: Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II

De novo purine synth: Glutamine PRPP amidotransferase

Urea cycle: Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I

Front 398

Weber: Right
Rinne L: AC>BC
Rinne R: BC>AC

Diagnosis?

Back 398

conductive hearing loss R

Front 399

young female with HTN

Back 399

OCPs

Front 400

3 most common locations of lung cancer mets?

Back 400

brain
bone
liver

Front 401

give Rate limiting enzyme of the following:

Fatty acid synth:

fatty acid oxidation

ketogenesis:

cholesterol sythesis:

Back 401

Fatty acid synth: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)

fatty acid oxidation: Carnitine acyltransferase I

ketogenesis: HMG-CoA synthase

cholesterol sythesis: HMG CoA reductase

Front 402

what is premature ovarian failure

Back 402

menopause before age 40

Front 403

what hormones have an alpha and beta subunit? which makes it unique

Back 403

alpha: TSH, LH, FSH, hCG

Beta makes it unique

Front 404

common causes of ARDS

Back 404

shock
infection
toxic gas inhalation
acute pancreatitis
aspiration
heroin OD

Front 405

this is used to transfer methyl units and is required for the conversion of NE to EPI

Back 405

S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM)

Front 406

Weber: Left
Rinne L: AC>BC
Rinne R: AC>BC

Diagnosis?

Back 406

sensory neural hearing loss R

Front 407

infection secondary to blood transfusion

Back 407

hepatitis C

Front 408

what is pulsus paradoxus? causes?

Back 408

systolic BP drops by >10mmHg with inspiration

Asthma
COPD
Croup
Tamponade

Front 409

what turns PEP (phosphoenol pyruvate) into pyruvate

Back 409

Pyruvate kinase

Front 410

infertile pt with bag of worms

Back 410

varicocele

vericose vein of the balls

Front 411

pt with hirsutism obesity and amenorrhea has an increased risk of what

Back 411

endometrial cancer

this is PCOS

Front 412

HYQ: 75 year old has 60 pack year history has difficulty standing up from bed when he wakes and has difficulty raising his arms in the AM to wash his hair. What is going on?

Back 412

Lambert Eaton due to small cell lung Ca

Front 413

what enzyme is def in von Gierkes dz...what cant you do then?

Back 413

Glucose-6-phosphatase

this is the last enzyme to make glucose in gluconeogenesis

Front 414

Weber: midline
Rinne L: BC>AC
Rinne R: BC>AC

Diagnosis?

Back 414

bilateral conductive hearing loss

Front 415

what is eisenmenger's syndrome

Back 415

late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L->R becomes R->L)

Front 416

what is the tx for CML

Back 416

Imatinib

Front 417

pt with severe fasting hypoglycemia, glycogen in liver, increased blood lactate and hepatomegaly. What enzyme is def?

Back 417

this is Von Gierke's dz

glucose-6-phosphatase

Front 418

tx for pediculosis capitis

Back 418

permithrin
pyrethin
lindane

Front 419

CO=

what is it via the Fick principle?

Back 419

SV x HR

via fick:

Rate of O2 consumption / (arterial O2 content - venous O2 content)

Front 420

what is the cause of G (-) rod in 80 man

Back 420

E. coli

Front 421

pt with cardiomegaly and systemic findings leading to early death....this is a glycogen storage dz that has what enzyme def?

Back 421

Pompe's dz

lysosomal alpha 1,4 glucosidase

Front 422

in conductive hearing loss, which side will the sound lateralize to?

what about sensorinuerual

Back 422

conductive: same side

sensorineural: opposite

Front 423

malignancy associated with noninfectious fever

Back 423

Hodgkins

Front 424

describe the morphology of Listeria

**

Back 424

Gram positive bacilli

Front 425

you think a guy has von gierke's dz but find that he does not have increased blood lactate and is not def in glucose 6 phosphate. What does he have? enzyme def?

Back 425

Cori's dz

debranching enzyme (alpha 1,6, glucosidase)

Front 426

what is the MOA of clomiphene

use?

Back 426

partial agonist at pituitary estrogen receptor in the hypothalamus

ends up preventing normal feedback inhibition

leads to increased release of LH and FSH which stimulates ovulation

used to tx infertility and PCOS

Front 427

what kind of cyst is associated with choriocarcinoma, moles, or twins

Back 427

Theca-lutein cyst

Front 428

Describe the FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC ratio for both obstructive and restrictive dz

***

Back 428

Obstructive:
FEV1: decreased
FVC: Decreased
FEV1/FVC: decreased
(<.8)

Restrictive
FEV1: decreased
FVC: even more Decreased
FEV1/FVC: normal or increased (>.80)

Front 429

pt has pain after working out with cramps. what enzyme is deficient

Back 429

McArdle's dz

skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase

Front 430

what causes congenital cataracts

Back 430

rubella

Front 431

most common malignant skin tumor

Back 431

Basal Cell

Front 432

what is the hallmark of restrictive lung dz
*

Back 432

Decreased total lung capacity

Front 433

What glycogen storage dz matches the following:

Glycogen phosphorylase deficiency:

Glucose 6 phosphatase def:

lactic acidosis, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia:

alpha 1,6 glucosidase def

alpha 1, 4 glucosidase def

Back 433

Glycogen phosphorylase deficiency: McArdle

Glucose 6 phosphatase def: Von Gierke

lactic acidosis, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia: von Gierke

alpha 1,6 glucosidase def: Cori

alpha 1, 4 glucosidase def: Pompe

Front 434

what will prevent the LH surge?

Back 434

OCP prevents estrogen surge, thus preventing LH surge and ovulation

Front 435

what hormone stimulates release of prolactin

Back 435

TRH

Front 436

Phenylalanine is the precursor for what

*

Back 436

Tyrosine

Dopa-->Mealnin

Dopamine

NE

Epi

Front 437

What glycogen storage dz matches the following:

cardiomegaly

diaphragm weakness

increased glycogen in the liver, severe fasting hypoglycemia

hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, normal kidneys and lactate

Back 437

cardiomegaly: Pompe (kid)

diaphragm weakness: Pompe (adult)

increased glycogen in the liver, severe fasting hypoglycemia: von Gierkes

hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, normal kidneys and lactate: Cori

Front 438

Sudden painless onset of flashing light

Back 438

retinal detachment

Front 439

Most common causes of MR

Back 439

FAS
Downs
F X

Front 440

Tyrptophan is the precursor to what 2 things? what do they make?

*

Back 440

Niacin--->NAD/NADP

Serotonin-->Melatonin

Front 441

What glycogen storage dz matches the following:

Painful muscle cramps, myoglobinuria with strenous exercise:

Severe hepatosplenomegaly, enlarged kidneys:

Back 441

Painful muscle cramps, myoglobinuria with strenous exercise: McArdle

Severe hepatosplenomegaly, enlarged kidneys: von Gierkes

Front 442

what is the male homologue of the following female structure:

Vestibular bulbs:
labia minora:
bartholin glands:

Back 442

Vestibular bulbs: corpus spongiosum
labia minora: ventral shaft of penis
bartholin glands: bulbourethral

Front 443

tumor marker for dysgerminoma?

Back 443

hCG, LDH

Front 444

Glycine is a precursor for what

*

Back 444

poryphrin-->heme

Front 445

what are the 4 fates of pyruvate

Back 445

Alanine
Lactate
Oxaloacetate
Acteyl-CoA

Front 446

dementia often a/w frequent falls and or syncope

Back 446

Dementia with Lewy bodies

Front 447

mets to bone

Back 447

PT barnum loves kids

Prostate
thyroid
Testes
Breast
Lung
Kidney

Front 448

Arginine is a precursor for what 3 things

*

Back 448

Creatine
Urea
NO

Front 449

in the electron transport, how many ATPs do you get from NADH and FADH2?

Back 449

NADH: 3

FADH2: 2

Front 450

A

B

D

cells of the pancreas release what

Back 450

A: glucagon

B: insulin

D: somatostatin

Front 451

Cat scratch:

Dog/cat bite:

Puppy feces:

Back 451

Cat scratch: Bartonella

Dog/cat bite: Pasturella

Puppy feces: Yersinia

Front 452

Glutamate is a precursor for what 2 things

*

Back 452

GABA

Glutathione

Front 453

Use of NAD?

NADPH?

Back 453

NAD: Catabolic processes

NADPH: anabolic processes (steroid and FA synth; resp burst, P450, glutahione reductase)

Front 454

Dementia + visual hallucinations=

dementia + personality changes and/or aphasia

Back 454

Dementia + visual hallucinations= Lewy Body Dementia

dementia + personality changes andor aphasia= Picks dz

Front 455

mets to brain

Back 455

Lung
Breast
Skin
kidney
GI

Front 456

enzyme for phenyalanine to tyrosine?

Back 456

phenyalanine hydroxylase

Front 457

what is the purpose of the HMP shutn (pentose phosphate pathway)

Back 457

produce NADPH

Front 458

mucin secreting signet cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary...where did it come from

Back 458

Krunkenberg tumor

GI

Front 459

Furosemide and thiazides can cause what problem

Back 459

gout

Front 460

woman develops intense muscle cramps and darkening of her urine after exercise...what does she have

Back 460

McArdels dz

Glycogen 6 phosphatase

Front 461

tumor that contains cells from 2 or 3 germ layers

Back 461

Teratoma

dermoid cyst-most frequent benign ovarian tumor

Front 462

what three amino acids are used in the golgi

Back 462

SAT

serine
asparagine
threonine

Front 463

enzyme for tyrosine to dopa

Back 463

tyrosine hydroxylase

Front 464

what type of murmur will be louder with inspiration

Back 464

tricuspid

more blood flow into RA

mitral will get worse with EXPIRATION

Front 465

what enzyme takes Glucose 6 P to NADPH?

Back 465

Glucose-6-P dehydrogenase

Front 466

coarse facial features, clouded corneas, restricted joint movement due to failure of addition of mannose-6-phosphate

Back 466

I-cell dz

will see Inclusion bodies

Front 467

what usually precedes Guillain Barre

Back 467

resp or GI illness

Front 468

what are the components (consider sperm/egg) for

complete mole:

partial:

Back 468

complete mole: 2 sperm empty egg

partial: 2 sperm 1 egg

Front 469

most common cause of mitral valve stenosis

Back 469

Rheumatic heart dz

Front 470

COPI vs COPII with respect to the Golgi

Back 470

COPI: Golgi --> ER (retrograde)

COPII: RER-->cis-Golgi (anteriograde)

Front 471

dopamine to NE? (enzyme

Back 471

Dopamine B hydroxylase

Front 472

pts MRI reveals replacement tissue in the sella turcica with CSF...

Back 472

Empty cella syndrome

pituitary is mostly gone

somehow it is subclinical

Front 473

what are Heinz bodies and what are they seen in?

Back 473

Oxidized Hemoglobin precipitated within RBC

G6PD

Front 474

what protein is involved in transporting an endocytosed vesicle from the plasma membrane to the endosome?

Back 474

Clathrin

Front 475

MOA of mifepristone...use?

Back 475

Competitive inhibitor of progestins at progesterone receptor

termination of pregnancy

Front 476

HTN, bruising or bleeding from the gums and jaundice

Back 476

HELLP

Hemolysis
Elevated LFTs
Low Platelets

Front 477

what common drug class can lead to stimulation of prolactin release

what is the major sx associated with this?

Back 477

antipsychotics (DA antagonists)

due to the tonic inhibition of prolactin by dopamine

major sx: HYPOGONADISM (inhibits GnRH)

Front 478

what molecule targets proteins in the ER for lysosomes

Back 478

Mannose-6-phosphate

failure of addition leads to I cell dz

Front 479

pt has pheneylacetate, phenyllactate in the urine and tissues. also has mousy body odor, fair skin, and MR. Enzyme responsible

Back 479

phenylalanine hydroxylase def

this is PKU (AR)

must begin tx in the 1st 3 weeks of life

note: maternal PKU is lack of proper diet during preggo, kid gets microcephaly, MR, growth retardation, and congenital heart defects

Front 480

demyelinating dz in young women

Back 480

MS

Front 481

pt has benign essential fructosuira...what enzyme is defective?

Back 481

fructokinase

Front 482

what effect do ACE/ARBs have on preload and afterload

Back 482

decrease both

Front 483

What is Marcus Gunn disorder

Back 483

inability to constrict the pupil when light shone in the eye

afferent pupillary n damage

Front 484

what supplies both wernikie and broacas area

Back 484

middle cerebral

Front 485

mixed UMN/LMN dz

Back 485

ALS

Front 486

immotile cilia due to a dynein arm defect. Results in male and female infertility, bronchiectasis, and reucrrent sinusitis. What does this pt have? what else might you see

Back 486

Kartagener's syndrome (primary cilliary diskinesia)

Situs inversus

the kindergarten cop hit you so hard your organs are reversed

Front 487

pt with dark connective tissue, brown pigmented sclera, urine black on standing. Enzyme problem?

Back 487

Homogentisic acid Oxidase

this is Alkaptonuria (ochronosis)

Front 488

continuous machine like murmur

Back 488

PDA

Front 489

pt has hypoglycemia, jaundice, cirrhosis, and vomiting after eating fruit. What do they have, what enzyme is the problem, and what is the tx?

Back 489

Fructose intolerance

Aldolase B

decrease intake of fructose and sucrose (fructose+glucose)

Front 490

first line tx for pre-eclampsia seizures

Back 490

Magnesium sulfate

Front 491

corticosteroids and heparin can cause what

Back 491

Osteoprosis

Front 492

where is the lesion

agraphia and acalculia

eyes look away from side of lesion

Dysarthria

Intention tremor

Back 492

agraphia and acalculia: left parietal

eyes look away from side of lesion: PPRF

Dysarthria: cerebellar vermis

Intention tremor: cerebellar hemisphere

Front 493

benign ovarian tumor that looks like bladder tissue

Back 493

Brenner tumor

Front 494

microtubule polymerization defect resulting in decreased phagocytosis. Pt will have pyogenic infections, partial albinism, and peripheral neuropathy

Back 494

Chediak Higashi syndrome

Front 495

enzyme def in albinism?

Back 495

Tyrosinase

Front 496

causes of DIC

Back 496

STOP Making New Thrombi

Sepsis
Trauma
Obstetric
Pancreatitis
Malignancy
Nephrotic syndrome
Transfusion

Front 497

pt with failure to thrive, jaundice, hepatomegaly, and infantile cataracts with MR. What does this pt have, what enzyme is absent, and what is the tx

Back 497

Classic galactosemia

galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase

exclude galactose and lactose (galactose + glucose) from diet

Front 498

4 major actions of PTH

Back 498

increase bone resorption of calcium and phosphate

increase kidney resorption of Ca

decrease kidney reabsorption of phosphate

increase 1,25 OH2 vit D production in the kidney

Front 499

what antiepileptic drugs are teratogens? 3

Back 499

Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Valproic acid

Front 500

child with hydrocephalus, what 2 tumors could it be? what distinguishes

Back 500

Medulloblastoma: Homer wright rosettes

Ependymoma: Perivascular pseudorosettes

Front 501

most common cause of myocarditis?

Back 501

Coxsackie B

or echovirus

Front 502

what cell membrane lipid is converted to arachidonic acid by phospholipase A2

Back 502

Phosphatidylinostitol

Front 503

pt has increased homocysteine in the urine, MR, tall stature, kyphosis, lens sublux...

what enzyme is def? (2 possible)

tx?

*

Back 503

this is homocystinuria

2 enzymes:
Cystathionine synthase deficiency
Homocysteine methyltransferase

tx: decrease methionine, increase cystiene, increase B12/folate, increase B6

Front 504

Extremely tender thyroid gland:

Pretibial myxedema:

palpation of single thyroid nodule:

Recent study using IV contrast dye:

Back 504

Extremely tender thyroid gland: De Quervian's subacute thyroiditis

Pretibial myxedema: Graves

palpation of single thyroid nodule: Toxic thyroid adenoma

Recent study using IV contrast dye: Jod-basedow phenomenon

Front 505

osmotic diarrhea, cramps, and bloating following diary products

Back 505

Lactase deficiency: lactose intolerance

Front 506

painless bleeding in any trimester...

Back 506

placenta previa--attachment of placenta to lower uterine segment

Multiparity adn prior C section predispose

Front 507

what portion of the heart can enlarge leading to compression of the recurrent laryngeal n.

Back 507

Left atrium

Front 508

bitemporal hemianopia in a child...supratentorial

Back 508

Craniopharyngioma

calcification is common

Front 509

neuropathy + AV node block

Back 509

2nd stage lyme dz

Front 510

what enzyme do corticosteroids inhibit that prevents the formation of arachidonic acid?

Back 510

Phospholipase A2

Front 511

what enzyme is missing in the dz that causes maple syrup urine dz? what amino acids aren't degraded

Back 511

alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase

I Love Vermont

Ile, Leu, Val

Front 512

most common dietary deficiency

Back 512

iron

microcytic anemia

most common vitamin def (folate/B9)

Front 513

why do you get hypoglycemia in ethanol metabolism?

Back 513

can't undergo gluconeogenesis

NADH is produced when you drink and converts pyruvate to lactate and oxaloacetate to malate

so you dont have any products for gluconeogenesis

Front 514

what 5 things can lead to mitral regurg?

Back 514

ischemic heart dz

mitral valve prolapse

LV Dilation

endocarditis

Rhematic fever

Front 515

what antiseizure drug causes agranulocytosis

Back 515

Carbamazepine

(others: clozapine, colichine, PTU/metimazole)

Front 516

what primary brain tumor fits the following description:

polycythemia
a/w VHL
foamy cells high vascularity

Back 516

Hemangioblastoma

Front 517

most common neoplasm in kids?

Back 517

1. ALL
2. cerebellar astrocytoma

Front 518

MOA of Zileuton

Back 518

inhibits lipoxygenase from making leukotrienes

Front 519

Hartnup dz leads to what? how

Back 519

Pellagra (niacin B3 def); Diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis

causes tryptophan excretion in urine-->tyrptophan is a precursor to Niacin (B3)

Front 520

what are the X-linked immunodeficiencies ?

Back 520

WBC

Wiskot
Bruton
CGD
SCIDS

and hyper IgM

Front 521

1 g of protein = how many kcal?

carb=

fat=

ethanol=

Back 521

protein: 4

carb: 4

fat: 9

booze: 7

Front 522

massive bleeding after delivery

Back 522

placenta accreta

placenta attached to myometrium. Have to take out the uterus

Front 523

what drugs are assoc with SJS

Back 523

Seizure
Sulfa
-cillin drugs

Front 524

what primary brain tumor fits the following description:

Pseudopalisading necrosis

(what else has this appearance)

Back 524

Glioblastoma multiforme

(basal cell ca)

Front 525

Call-Exner bodies are seen in what

Back 525

Granulosa cell tumor

causes precocious puberty in kids or endometrial hyperplasia in adults

Front 526

MOA of Zafrilukast and montelukast

Back 526

inhibit leukotrienes from causing bronchoconstriction

Front 527

Deficiency of aldolase B:

Deficiency of cystathione synthase:

Inherited defect in tubular amino acid transporter:

Back 527

Deficiency of aldolase B: Fructose intolerance

Deficiency of cystathione synthase: Homocystinuria

Inherited defect in tubular amino acid transporter: Cystinuria/hartnups

Front 528

diverticulum of the pharynx

Back 528

Zenkers

Front 529

acetoacetate and b-hydroxybutyrate are what? seen when? rate limiting enzyme?

Back 529

Keytone bodies

fasting (low blood sugar)

rate limiting enzyme: HMG Co-A synthase

Front 530

what is renal osteodystrophy

Back 530

secondary hyperparathyroidism due to renal failure

Renal dz
Decrease Vit D
Decrease Ca
Increase PTH (pull it from bone)
Phosphate increase because kidney can't get rid of it

Front 531

what are the haptotoxic antiepileptics

Back 531

Carbimazibine
Valproic acid

Front 532

Most common type of thyroid cancer? histologic finding?

Hashimotos thyroiditis is a risk factor

Cancer arising from parafollicular C cells

Back 532

Papillary; Little orphan annie eyes

Hashimotos thyroiditis is a risk factor: Lymphoma

Cancer arising from parafollicular C cells:Medullary

Front 533

most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in kids? adults?

Back 533

kid: MC

Adults: Membranous

Front 534

COX will lead to the formation of endoperoxides which can then lead to 3 things, one of them is the following. What does it do:

Prostacyclin (PGI2)

Back 534

decrease platelet aggregation/vasodilation

decrease uterine tone

Front 535

tx-decreased dietary methionine increased cystine and B6:

hypoglycemia, jaundice, cirrhosis:

tx- acetazolamide to alkalinize urine:

Back 535

tx-decreased dietary methionine increased cystine and B6: Homocystinuria

hypoglycemia, jaundice, cirrhosis: fructose intolerance

tx- acetazolamide to alkalinize urine: cystinuria (to prevent stones)

Front 536

Ejection click

Back 536

aortic/pulmonic stenosis

Front 537

How many ATP are generated during aerobic metabolism?

anaerobic?

Back 537

Aerobic (32/30)

Anaerobic (2 ATP and lactate)

Front 538

pregnant woman with previosu c-sectoin is at increased risk for what

Back 538

placenta accreta and previa

grows into the scar

Front 539

girl under the age of 4 with spindle shaped tumor cell that is desmin positive

Back 539

Sarcoma botryoides

Front 540

what heart sounds are considered benign when there is no evidence of dz? 4

Back 540

split S1

split S2 on inspiration

S3 in a pt younger than 40 (or preggo)

early quiet systolic murmur

Front 541

how do you diagnose Acromegaly

Back 541

measure serum IGF (GH is pulsatile, not helpful)

Front 542

COX will lead to the formation of endoperoxides which can then lead to 3 things, one of them is the following. What does it do:

Prostaglandins (PGE2)

Back 542

decrease vascular tone
increase pain
Increase uterine tone
increase temp

Front 543

tx-increased intake of ketogenic nutrients (fats):

tx-exclude galactose and lactose from diet:

Back 543

tx-increased intake of ketogenic nutrients (fats): pyruvate dehydrogenase def

tx-exclude galactose and lactose from diet: galactosemia

Front 544

Food poisoning due to exotoxin, happens quickly 24 hours

Back 544

S. aureus

B. Cerus

Front 545

primary energy source in a pt who hasn't eaten in 2 days

Back 545

FA

Front 546

what type of study compares a group of ppl with a dz to a group w/o

Back 546

Case control

measures Odds ratio

Front 547

antileptics that work via GABA? give 3

Back 547

phenobarbital
benzos
gabapentin

(valproic acid, topiramate, tiagabine,vigabatrin, levetiracetam)

Front 548

what thyroid cancer has the most common mutation in the BRAF gene (serine/threonine kinase)

Back 548

Papillary carcinoma

Front 549

which ER is associated with synthesis of secretory proteins, and thus are found in mucus secreting goblet cells and antibody secreting cells?

Which is used for steroid synth and detoxification of drugs/poison

Back 549

secretory: Rough

Detox: Smooth (seen in liver and adrenal cortex)

Front 550

COX will lead to the formation of endoperoxides which can then lead to 3 things, one of them is the following. What does it do:

Thromboxane (TXA2)

Back 550

increase platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction

Front 551

this is the most common urea cycle disorder. It is x-linked and you will see tremor, slurring of speech, somnolence, vomiting. What do they have?

Back 551

ornithine transcarbamoylase def (OTC)

orotic acid will be increased in blood and BUN will be decreased

Front 552

most common gynecologic malignancy in US

Back 552

endometrial carcinoma

Front 553

arrange the following molecules from most exergonic with loss of phosphate to least exergonic loss of phosphate: AMP, ATP, PEP

Back 553

PEP>ATP>AMP

Front 554

what is dinoprostone

Back 554

PGE2 analog causing cervical dilation and uterine contraction

induce labor

Front 555

Expired tetracyclines can lead to what problem

Back 555

Fanconi syndrome

peeing out stuff you shouldn't (glucose, phos, etc)

Heavy metals and Wilson's can do this too

Front 556

When is S4 heard? what does it mean

Back 556

atrial kick in late diastole

due to high atrial pressure associated with ventricular hypertrophy

Front 557

arachadonic acid is made into what from COX and LPO (immediate step after)

Back 557

LPO: Hydroperoxides

COX: Endoperoxides

Front 558

most common Heart murmur, congenital

Back 558

mitral valve prolapse

Front 559

pt with High PTH, hypocalcemia, short 4/5th digits, short stature. What does the pt have. How is it inherited?

Back 559

Pseduohypoparathyroidism (albrights herditary osteodystrophy)

AD

kidney is unresponsive to PTH

Front 560

which vein drains directly into the IVC, Right adrenal or left?

Back 560

Right

same is true for gonads

Front 561

What hormones use cAMP

Back 561

FLAT CHAMP

FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
CRH
hCG
ADH
MSH
PTH

Front 562

top 2 helminth infections in the US

tx?

Back 562

1. enterobius vermicularis (pin worm)
2. ascaris lumbricoides

use bendazoles to tx

Front 563

Ritodrine/terbutaline do what

Back 563

B2 agonists that relax uterus

reduce premature uterine contractions

Front 564

early diastolic murmur heard best along the left side of the sternum

Back 564

pulmonic regurg

Front 565

what uses cGMP as secondary signal

Back 565

vasodilators

ANP, NO

Front 566

multiple blood transfusion or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes" and increased risk of hepatocelluar carcinoma)

Back 566

Hemochromatosis

Front 567

crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click

S1 ----CLICK---murmur----S2

Back 567

aortic stenosis

will have weak pulses compared to the heart sounds and syncope

Front 568

what is the precursor to cholesterol?

what makes cholestrol into pregnenolone

Back 568

Acetate

Desmolase

Front 569

what uses IP3 as secondary messanger

Back 569

posterior pituitary stuff

GnRH, Oxytocin, ADH, TRH

Front 570

most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma

Back 570

Cirrhotic liver (oftern assoc with hepatitis B and C)

Front 571

bloody nipple discharge

Back 571

intraductal papilloma

Front 572

What are the 3 acute phase cytokines

Back 572

IL-1
IL-6
TNF alpha

Front 573

IGF, FGF, and PDGF use what 2ndary messenger? what else uses this

Back 573

intrinsic tyrosine kindase

Insulin

Front 574

what passes through the cavernous sinus

Back 574

Things that go through the superior orbital fissure + foramen rotundum

CN III, IV, V1, V2, VI

also the cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery

pituitary

Front 575

What are the 3 functions of vitamin D

Back 575

increase gut absorption of Ca

increase gut absorption of Phosphate

increase bone resorption of Ca and phosphate

Front 576

what are the 5 functions of cortisol

Back 576

maintains BP (upregulates alpha 1 receptors on arterioles)

decrease bone formation

anti-inflammatory

decrease immune function

increase gluconeogenesis/lipolysis/proteolysis

Front 577

what type of collagen are the following--

tendon
skin:
cartilage:
uterus:
nucleus pulposis:
bone:
granulation tissue:
basement membrane:
fetal tissue:

Back 577

tendon: 1
skin: 1/3
cartilage:2
uterus: 3
nucleus pulposis: 2
bone: 1
granulation tissue:3
basement membrane: 4
fetal tissue: 3

Front 578

injury to CN III will lead to the eye resting in what direction

Back 578

down and out (still have SO, and LR)

Front 579

rock hard mass, worst and most invasive, also most common breast malignant tumor

Back 579

Invasive ductal

Front 580

late diastolic murmur heard best along the left side of the sternum

Back 580

tricuspid stenosis

Front 581

hydroxylation of specific proline and lysine residues requires what in order to synthesize collagen

Back 581

Vitamin C

Front 582

pt gets a furruncle on the filtrim...what can this lead to

Back 582

Carvernous sinus syndrome

can affect any of the structures within the sinus

Things that go through the superior orbital fissure + foramen rotundum

CN III, IV, V1, V2, VI

also the cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery

pituitary

Front 583

why does pregnancy lead to increased contractility?

Back 583

increased preload

Front 584

what is Cushing's disease

Back 584

pituitary adenoma leading to increased ACTH and thus cortisol

Front 585

what inhibits collagen synthesis

Back 585

glucocorticoids

this is why you can use them to tx keloids

Front 586

where would you get pain for the following sinuses

sphenoid:

ethmoid:

frontal:

maxillary:

Back 586

sphenoid: deep in the head

ethmoid: behind you eye

frontal: eyebrow

maxillary: cheeks

Front 587

Peau d'orange

Back 587

Inflammatory

Front 588

dilated cardiomyopathy
CHF
mitral regurg

can all lead to what

Back 588

S3 heart sound

Front 589

what type of collagen is affected in Ehlers-Danlos

Back 589

Type III

Front 590

what does ELISA test

Back 590

determine if a particular antibody is present

Front 591

2 most common causes of primary hyperparathyroidism

Back 591

solitary parathyroid adenoma

parathyroid hyperplasia

Front 592

describe what happens with a low and high dose dexamethasone suppression test in the following:

Cushing dz:

Ectopic ACTH:

Adrenal:

Back 592

Cushing dz:
low-increase cortisol
high-decreased cortisol

Ectopic ACTH:
neither suppress cortisol release (increase cortisol)

Adrenal:

neither suppress cortisol release (increase cortisol)

Front 593

male with hearing problem and visual disturbances is peeing blood. collagen effected?

Back 593

Type IV

Alports

Front 594

what is locus heterogeneity?

Back 594

mutations at different loci can produce the same phenotype

Front 595

Bilateral malignant breast tumor

where does it met to?

Back 595

invasive lobular

mets to peritoneum

Front 596

rumbling late diastolc murmur with opening snap

Back 596

mitral stenosis

Front 597

what normally inhibits elastase

Back 597

alpha-1-antitrypsin

Front 598

ragged red muscle fibers seen on biopsy

Back 598

mitochondrial myopathy

Front 599

what 5 things can aortic stenosis be due to

Back 599

congenital bicuspid valve (clinically important after age 40)

senile or degenerative calcification (after age 60)

chronic Rheumatic valve dz

congenital unicuspid aortic valve

syphillis

Front 600

aside from pheochromocytoma, what can be seen in both MEN 2A and 2B?

Back 600

Medullary thyroid carcinoma

Front 601

what is a cysteine protease the cleaves after aspartic residues (and executes apoptosis)

Back 601

Caspase

Front 602

osmolar fragility with RBCs

Back 602

Hereditary spherocytosis

Front 603

breast dimpling suggests

Back 603

suspensory ligament involvement

Front 604

sense of emptiness, loneliness, impulsiveness

Back 604

borderline personality disorder

Front 605

which of the following is associ w/ extrinsic or intrinsic apoptosis

Mitochondrial:
Ligand:
utilizes caspase:
utilizes bcl and bax:

Back 605

Mitochondrial: Intrinsic
Ligand: Extrinsic
utilizes caspase: Extrinsic
utilizes bcl and bax: Intrinsic

Front 606

sublux of the lens:

retinal detachment:

Back 606

sublux of the lens: marfans

retinal detachment: ehlers danlos

Front 607

what cancers are assoc with hypercalcemia

Back 607

SCC (lung, head neck, esophagus, cervix)

renal cacrcinoma

Multiple myeloma

Breast cancer

Front 608

actinic (solar) keratosis predisposes to

Back 608

precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

5-FU can treat this

Front 609

post surgical why do you keep bandages on for 24 hours

Back 609

to let epithelialization occur (heal the skin)

Front 610

adenoma sebaceum, cardiac rhabdomyoma, astrocytoma

Back 610

Tuberous sclerosis

Front 611

nipple retraction suggests

Back 611

lactiferous duct involvement

Front 612

pansystolic murmur best heard at the 4th-6th left ICS

Back 612

tricuspid regurg

Front 613

What are 2 important supplements for wound healing

Back 613

Zinc

Vitamin C

Front 614

what happens in

NF1:

NF2:

Back 614

NF1: neural tumors and pigmented iris hamartoma

NF2: bilateral acoustic scwhanomas (neuromas)

Front 615

painless jaundice

Back 615

cancer on the head of the pancreas

Front 616

acute gastric ulcer assoc with CNS injury

Back 616

Cushing ulcer

Front 617

compare trasudate vs exudate in the following manners--

Protein:

Due to hydrostatic pressure

Due to lymph obstruction

Back 617

Protein:
Transudate: low protein
Exudate: high protein

Due to hydrostatic pressure: Transudate

Due to lymph obstruction: Exudate

Front 618

a/w mitral valve prolapse, liver dz, berry aneurysms

Back 618

ADPCKD

Front 619

signet ring cells and ER+ and PR+ breast pathology

Back 619

Lobular carcinoma insitu

Front 620

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
aortic stonosis
chronic HTN with LV
post MI

what might you hear

Back 620

S4 heart sound

Front 621

What are the 3 major things you should think of when you see apple green birefringence?

Back 621

Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Alzheimers
Multiple Myeloma

all amyloid

Front 622

you suspect a pt to have CF. How is it inherited? Common infection? another effect in males? diagnosis is made how (numbers please). Tx?

Back 622

AR

Pseudomonas

Infertility

Sweat test Cl>60mEq

tx: N-acetylcysteine

Front 623

4Bs of T3?

Back 623

Brain maturation
Bone Growth
Beta-adrenergic effects
BMR increased

Front 624

acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

Back 624

Curling ulcer

Front 625

Which arachidonic acid product causes the following effect

Increased bronchial tone:
decreased bronchial tone:
increased platelet agg:
decreased platelet agg:
increased uterine tone:
decreased uterine tone:
increased vascular tone:
decreased vascular tone:

Back 625

Increased bronchial tone: leukotrienes
decreased bronchial tone: PGE2
increased platelet agg: thromboxane
decreased platelet agg: PGI
increased uterine tone: PGE2
decreased uterine tone: PGI
increased vascular tone: Thromboxane
decreased vascular tone: Cyclin/glandin

Front 626

which lysosomal storage dz is assoc with renal failure

Back 626

Fabrys

tx: dialysis

Front 627

moa of Anastrozle/exemestane

use?

Back 627

aromatase inhibitors

postmenopausal women with breast cancer

Front 628

high pitched diastolic murmur with a widened pulse pressure

Back 628

aortic regurg

Front 629

what is responsible for rolling, tight binding and diapedis

Back 629

rolling: selectins
Tight bind: integrins:
diapedis: PECAM

Front 630

what are the only 2 x linked recessive lysosomal storage dz?

how are the others inherited

Back 630

Fabry's and Hunters

all others are AR

Front 631

mid systolic click with late systolic crescendo murmur

Back 631

mitral prolapse

Front 632

alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

Back 632

Skip lesions of Chron's dz

Front 633

GFAP is a marker for what

Back 633

Glioblastoma

Front 634

most common lysosomal storage dz

Back 634

Gauchers

Front 635

state if the following are due to progesterone or estrogen:

makes thick mucus to prevent sperm entry:
induces LH surge:
Uterine smooth muscle relax:
Follicle growth:
maintenance of preggo:
hepatic synthesis of transport proteins:
withdrawal leads to menstruation:

Back 635

makes thick mucus to prevent sperm entry: P

induces LH surge: E

Uterine smooth muscle relax: P

Follicle growth: E

maintenance of preggo: P

hepatic synthesis of transport proteins: E

withdrawal leads to menstruation: P

Front 636

dude has an MI. gets out of bed and does 50 push ups to show the nurses he hasn't. What defense mech?

Back 636

Denial

Front 637

in the CNS, what cells fuse to form multinucleated giant cells in an HIV pt

Back 637

Microglia

Front 638

what forms the ANS, DRG, cranial nerves, celiac ganglian, and melanocytes?

Back 638

Neural crest

Front 639

which lysosomal storage dz's are a/w early death (by age 3)

Back 639

Tay Sach
Neimann Pick
Krabbe

Front 640

enlarged epithelial cells with excessive eosinophilc granular cytoplasm= Hurthle cell...seen in?

Back 640

Hypothyroidism

Front 641

how is hnRNA processed b4 it leaves the nucleus (3)

Back 641

Poly A tail

5' Cap

Splicing introns

Front 642

most common cause of dissecting aneurysm

Back 642

HTN

Front 643

what neural cell looks like fried eggs on HE

Back 643

oligodendroglia

Front 644

skin papule in AIDS pt caused by bartonella

Back 644

Bacillary angiomatosis

Front 645

describe the inheritence pattern for the following

Albinism:
Hereditary spherocytosis:
Duchennes
NF1:
Hemophilia A:
Hemophilia B:
CF:
Tuberus sclerosis:
PKU:
Thalessemias:
Sickle Cell:
hemochromatosis:
G6PD:

Back 645

Albinism: AR
Hereditary spherocytosis: AD
Duchennes: X
NF1: AD
Hemophilia A: X
Hemophilia B: X
CF: AR
Tuberus sclerosis: AD
PKU: AR
Thalessemias:AR
Sickle Cell:AR
hemochromatosis: AR
G6PD: X

Front 646

what ovarian tumor matches the following statement:

estrogen secreting-->precocious puberty

Lined with fallopian tube like epithelium:

Call-exner bodies:

Back 646

estrogen secreting-->precocious puberty: granulosa-theca

Lined with fallopian tube like epithelium: serous cystadenoma

Call-exner bodies: granulosa-theca

Front 647

given the drug reaction, give the causal agent

atropine like side effects

Back 647

TCAs

Front 648

person with abnormal valves has to get prophylactic tx for what bug when they get dental procedures?

Back 648

strep viridans

Front 649

what cells are destroyed in Guillain barre syndrome and NF2

Back 649

schwann cells

Front 650

enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei

Back 650

ophan annie eye nuclue

papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

Front 651

elfin facies, MR, super nice to strangers

Back 651

Williams syndrome

microdeletion of long arm of chrom 7

Will Ferrel in Elf

Front 652

Ejection Fraction =

Back 652

SV/EDV

Front 653

given the drug reaction, give the causal agent

coronary vasospasm (2)

Back 653

cocaine

sumatriptain

Front 654

most common cause of aortic aneurysm

Back 654

Atherosclerosis

Front 655

what nervous system cell matches the following:

damaged in MS

macrophages of the CNS

Form multinucleated giant cells in the CNS when infected with HIV

Back 655

damaged in MS:

macrophages of the CNS: microglia

Form multinucleated giant cells in the CNS when infected with HIV: Microglia

Front 656

hypochromic microcytic anemia

Back 656

iron def
lead poisoning
thalassemia
ACD

Front 657

Excess fibro fatty deposits amongst muscle

Back 657

Duchennes Muscular Dystrophy

Front 658

which cell type has aromatase and 17alpha respectively

Back 658

aromatase: Granulosa (estrogen)

17 alpha: theca (androsteindione)

Front 659

given the drug reaction, give the causal agent

flushing (4)

Back 659

VANC

vancomycin
adenosine
niacin
CCB

Front 660

what is the c wave of jugular venous pulse

Back 660

RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulging into atrium)

Front 661

What type of sensory corpuscle does the following---

Position sense, static touch, adapts slow:

Position sense, dynamic fine touch, adapts quick:

vibration and pressure:

pain and temp:

Back 661

Position sense, static touch, adapts slow: Merkel

Position sense, dynamic fine touch, adapts quick: Meissner's

vibration and pressure: Pacinian

pain and temp: Free nerve endings

Front 662

what type of bacteria is periplasm found in? What is important about it

Back 662

Gram negative

includes B-lactams

Front 663

two pts have the same mutation on chrom 15 but have diff phenotypic expressions. One pt received the mutation from the father while the other got it from the momma. What is this an example of?

Back 663

Imprinting

Front 664

pot bellied, pale, puffy caced kid with protruding umbilicus and protuberant tongue

Back 664

Cretinism

Front 665

given the drug reaction, give the causal agent

agranulocytosis (6)

Back 665

clozapine
carbamazepine
colchicine
propylthiouracil
methimazole
dapsone

Front 666

ascending aoritc aneurysm is associated with what

Back 666

3 syphillis

marfans

Front 667

muscle length monitoring:

muscle tension:

Back 667

length: spindle

tension: golgi

Front 668

increased alpha fetoprotein in amniotic fluid

Back 668

anencephaly
spina bifida
gastrochesis and omphalocele

Front 669

which lysosomal storage dz is a demyelinating dz?

Back 669

Metachromatic leukodystrophy

Front 670

when does bHCG show up in the urine

Back 670

2 weeks post conception

4 weeks LMP

Front 671

given the drug reaction, give the causal agent

Aplastic anemia (5)

Back 671

chloramphenicol
benzene
NSAIDs
Propylthiouracil
methimazole

Front 672

pt has colon cancer, later gets splinter hemorrhages and janeway lesions. cause?

Back 672

endocarditis due to S. bovis

Front 673

what pathway do you target when treating for psychosis with drugs? (positive sx)

Back 673

mesolimbic pathway

Front 674

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in the liver

Back 674

mallory body (alcoholic liver dz)

Front 675

Which lysosomal storage dz is characterized by the following enzyme def:

alpha L iduronidase

Back 675

Hurler's and Scheies

Front 676

pt has wide pulse pressure with a diastolic mumur heard right after S2

Back 676

aortic regurg

Front 677

given the drug reaction, give the causal agent

Hemolysis in G6PD pts (6)

Back 677

IS PAIN

Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Primaquine (all quine drugs)
Aspirin
Ibuprofen
Nitrofurantoin

Front 678

atrophy of the mamillary bodies

Back 678

Wenicke's encephalopathy (thiamine def causing confusion)

Front 679

what 2 things are needed to make GABA

Back 679

Glutamate and B6

Front 680

intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

Back 680

cowdry type A bodies (HSV, CMV, yellow fever)

Front 681

Which lysosomal storage dz is characterized by the following enzyme def:

Iduronate sulfatase

Back 681

Huniters

Front 682

congenital adrenal hyperplasia + hypotension

Back 682

21 hydroxylase def

Front 683

given the drug reaction, give the causal agent

Megaloblastic anemia (3)

Back 683

have a blast with PMS

Phenytoin, Methotrexate, Sulfa drugs

Front 684

CD 16:
CD 19:
CD 3:

Back 684

CD 16: macrophage + NK
CD 19: B-cells
CD 3: All T cells minus NK

Front 685

what hypothalamic nuclei are responsible for the following:

Hunger:
Satiety:
Cooling/Parasympathetic:
Heating, sympathetic:
Circadian rhythm:

Back 685

Hunger: Lateral area
Satiety: Ventromedial
Cooling/Parasympathetic: Anterior
Heating, sympathetic: Posterior (her hot posterior makes me wanna shoot my load)
Circadian rhythm: Suprachiasmatic

Front 686

what forms the aorticopulmonary septum?

Back 686

neural crest

Front 687

Which lysosomal storage dz is characterized by the following enzyme def:

Arylsulfatase A

Back 687

metachromic leukodystrophy

Front 688

pt has flu and later gets hypothyroid

Back 688

Subacute thyroiditis (De Quervains)

Front 689

given the drug reaction, give the causal agent

Cough

Back 689

ACI inhibitor

give an ARB!

Front 690

autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

Back 690

sickle cell anemia

Front 691

what are the motor nuclei of the thalamus

Back 691

VA/VL

Front 692

iron containing nodules in alveolar septum

Back 692

ferruginous bodies (asbestos: increase chance of mesothelioma)

Front 693

Which lysosomal storage dz is characterized by the following enzyme def:

alpha galactosidase A

Back 693

Fabres

Front 694

congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

Back 694

Dubin Jonhnson

Front 695

given the drug reaction, give the causal agent

Thrombotic complications

Back 695

OCPs

Front 696

what causes Libman-Sacks endocarditis?

Back 696

SLE causes LSE

Front 697

a cerebellar lesion will affect what side of the body

Back 697

ipsilateral

Front 698

esoinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in the nerve cell

Back 698

lewy body

Front 699

Which lysosomal storage dz is characterized by the following enzyme def:

Galactocerebrosidase

Back 699

Krabbes

Front 700

what defense mech underlies all other defense mechs?

Back 700

Repression

Front 701

given the drug reaction, give the causal agent

Pulmonary fibrosis

Back 701

Bleomycin
Amiodarone
Busulfan

Front 702

bacterial meningitis-

adult/elderly:

newborns and kids:

Back 702

adult/elderly: N. meningitidis

newborns and kids: Group B strep/e.coli (newborns) kids: strep pneumo

Front 703

which portion of the cerebellum is associated w/ voluntary movements of extremities?

balance?

Back 703

voluntary move: Lateral

balance: medial

Front 704

large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes

Back 704

Chediak higashi dz

Front 705

Which lysosomal storage dz is characterized by the following enzyme def:

Glucocerebrosidease

Back 705

Gauchers

MOST COMMON

Front 706

cause of Constrictive pericarditis in developing worlds

Back 706

TB

Front 707

given the drug reaction, give the causal agent

Thrombocytopenia (2)

Back 707

Heparin
H2 Blockers

Front 708

what is the v wave of jugular venous pulse

Back 708

increased atrial pressure due to filling against a closed tricuspid

Front 709

what happens with activation of the substantia nigra pars compacta

Back 709

activates the direct pathway

which inhibits GPi

which then allows for movement (inhibit the inhibitory path)

Front 710

vouluntarily choosing not to think about a piece of bad news...

Back 710

suppression

Front 711

Which lysosomal storage dz is characterized by the following enzyme def:

Hexosaminidase

Back 711

Tay Sachs

Front 712

fixed rock hard painless goiter

Back 712

Riedel's thyoiditis

thyroid replaced by fibrous tissue

Front 713

given the drug reaction, give the causal agent

Acute cholestatic hepatitis

Back 713

Macrolides (erythromycin)

Front 714

benign melanocytic nevus

Back 714

spitz nevus (most common in first 2 years)

Front 715

what happens in the indirect pathway

Back 715

inhibits GPe (which was inhibiting the GPi)

this leads to activation of the GPi which then inhibits movement

INDIRECT INHIBITS MOVEMENT

Front 716

low serum ceruloplasmin

Back 716

wilson's dz

Front 717

Which lysosomal storage dz is characterized by the following enzyme def:

Sphingomyelinase

Back 717

Neimann Pick

Front 718

most common cause of early cyanosis

Back 718

TOF, Trans great veseels, TA

Front 719

given the drug reaction, give the causal agent

Focal to massive hepatic necrosis (4)

Back 719

halothane

valproic acid

acetaminophen

amanita phalloides (mushroom)

Front 720

major criteria for RF?

Back 720

Joints (migratory polyarthritis)
Heart (pancarditis)
Nodules (subcutaneous)
Erythema marginatum (serpinginous skin rash)
Sydenham's chorea (chorea of face, tongue, upper limb)

Front 721

what effect does the subthalamic nucleus have on movement

Back 721

inhibits it

(by activating GPi, which inhibits movement)

Front 722

eosionphilic globule in the liver

Back 722

councilman body (viral hepatitis or yellow fever)

Front 723

Characterized by accumulation of GM2 ganglioside

Back 723

Tach sachs

due to def in hexosaminidase

Front 724

this murmr follows an opening snap and is best heard at the 5th ICS mid clavicular line

Back 724

Mitral stenosis

Front 725

given the drug reaction, give the causal agent

Gynecomastia (5)

Back 725

Some Drugs Create Awesome Knocers

Spironolacatone
Digitalis
Cimitidine
Alcohol (chronic use)
Ketoconazole

Front 726

bleeding disorder with GpIb def

Back 726

Bernard soulier dz

Front 727

the lenticulostriate arteries (which come from the middle cerebral a.) supply what

Back 727

the basal ganglia

Front 728

lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli

Back 728

poststrep glomerulonephritis

Front 729

Dermatin suflate accumulates in what

Back 729

hurlers,

hunters,

scheies

Front 730

most common cause of death in CML

Back 730

blast crisis

AML

Front 731

given the drug reaction, give the causal agent

Hypothyroidism (2)

Back 731

Lithium
Amiodarone

Front 732

what type of study compares a group w a given exposure or risk factor ro a group without

Back 732

Cohort

measures relative risk

Front 733

pt has a stroke and then has sudden wild flailing of the left arm

what is this and where is the lesion

Back 733

Hemiballismus

right subthalamic nucleus

Front 734

what will form the lungs, liver, pancreas, and thymus?

Back 734

endoderm

Front 735

which lysosomal storage dz's are common among ashenzi jews

Back 735

tay sachs

neimann pick

gaucher

Front 736

tx for thyroid storm?

Back 736

B blocker (propranolol)

Front 737

what is primidone

Back 737

anticonvulsant

used to treat resting tremor

Front 738

brain tumor (adults)

location

most common causes

Back 738

supratemporal

mets>astrocytoma (glioblastoma multiforme)>meningioma>schwannoma

Front 739

motor and sensor loss to the legs...what artery

Back 739

ant cerebral

Front 740

lytic ("hole punched") bone lesions on xray

Back 740

multiple myeloma

Front 741

crinkled paper cytoplasm

Back 741

Gauchers

Front 742

Death in SLE

Back 742

lupus nephropathy

Front 743

eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells

Back 743

rabies virus

Front 744

EKG showing electrical alternans tells you what

Back 744

cardiac tamponade

Front 745

motor and sensory loss to the face...what artery

Back 745

middle cerebral a

Front 746

mammary gland "blue domed" cyst

Back 746

fibrocystic change of breast

Front 747

Cherry red spot on retina (3)

Back 747

Tay Sachs

Neimann Pick

Central retinal a. occlusion

Front 748

When does S3 heart sound occur. What does it mean?

Back 748

early diastole during rapid ventricular filling phase. Associated with increased filling pressures and dilated ventricles

normal in children and preggo women

Front 749

proportion of all ppl WITHOUT the dz who test negative=

Back 749

specificity

T/(TN+FP)

Front 750

most common cause of breast cancer

Back 750

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma

Front 751

vision...what artery

Back 751

posterior cerebral a

Front 752

monocolonal Ab spike (4)

Back 752

Multiple myeloma (m protein IgG or IgA)

monoclonal gammaopathy of undertermined significance

Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia

primary amyloidosis

Front 753

wide splitting of S2=?

Fixed splitting?

Back 753

wide splitting of S2= pulmonic stenosis or RBBB

Fixed splitting= ASD

Front 754

2 greatest causes of dementia

Back 754

AZ
Multiple infarcts

Front 755

extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

Back 755

senile plaques (Az dz)

Front 756

brain tumor (kids)

location

most common

Back 756

Infratentorial

Astro>medullo>epindyoma

Front 757

a lesion where would cause the following:

can't write, calculate or distinguish L/R:

reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness:

Wernicke Koraskoff:

Back 757

can't write, calculate or distinguish L/R: left parietal lobe

reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness: reticular activating system

Wernicke Koraskoff:: mammillary bodies

Front 758

monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine

Back 758

bence jones proteins

Front 759

what is the underlying mech and cause of the following:

Kussmauls vs Pulsus paradoxus

Back 759

Kussmal:
Mech: decreased RV capacity
Dz: constrictive pericarditis

Pulusus paradoxis
Mech: decreased capacity of LV
Dz: tamponade

Front 760

which anti hyperthyroid drug can you give to a preggo lady

Back 760

Propylthiouracil

methimazole is a teratogen

Front 761

What makes the spleen?

Back 761

mesoderm

also makes muscle, bones, CT, and serous linings of the body

Front 762

most common benign breast tumor

Back 762

Fibroadenoma

Front 763

pt is hypovolemic. He is given an IV and then gets acute paralysis, dysarthria, dysphagia, and diplopia. What happened?

Back 763

Central pontine myelinolysis

caused by rapid correction of hyponatremia

Front 764

mucin filled cell with peripheral nucleus

Back 764

signet ring (gastric carcinoma)

Front 765

HOXD13 mutation leads to what

Back 765

synpolydactyly (extra fused digit btw 3rd and 4th fingers)

Front 766

cardiac primary tumor in kids

Back 766

rhabdomyoma

Front 767

giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions

Back 767

Reed sternberg cells (hodgkins lymphoma)

Front 768

man comes in with multiple syncopal episodes. MRI shows a ball valve obstruction of the LA

Back 768

Myxoma (tumor)

primary in adult

Front 769

cardiac manifestation of lupus

Back 769

Libman-Sacks endocarditis

Front 770

narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph

Back 770

"string sign" (chron dz)

Front 771

paradoxic splitting (where P2 is heard before A2) is associated with what?

Back 771

LBBB

Front 772

primary Cardiac tumor of adults

Back 772

Myxoma

Front 773

What is the key btw Binge Eating Disorder and Compulsive eating disorder?

Back 773

neither have purging, both have loads of eating

Binge: defense mech, have negative feelings towards food

Compulsive: think about food constantly, form of obsessive compulsive disorder

Front 774

most frequent primary cardiac tumor in kids

Back 774

Rhabdomyomas (tuberous sclerosis)

Front 775

chronic atrophic gastritis predisposes you to what

Back 775

gastric carcinoma

also pernicious anemia

Front 776

needle shaped negatively birefringent crystals

Back 776

gout

Front 777

what is the dif btw conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder

Back 777

conduct: behavior violating social norms

oppositional: against authority

Front 778

describe the GLUT that is used for the following, list if insulin responsvie

RBC:

Adipose tissue:

Brain:

Liver:

B islet cells:

Back 778

RBC: GLUT 1

Adipose tissue: GLUT 4 (insulin responsive)

Brain: GLUT 1

Liver: GLUT 2

B islet cells: GLUT 2

Front 779

glomerulus like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

Back 779

chiller duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

Front 780

pt in MVA presents with chest pain, dyspnea, tachycardia, tachypnea what is going on

Back 780

tension pneumo

Front 781

nodular hylanie deposits in glomeruli

Back 781

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

Front 782

what are the 2 mechanisms of damage associated with diabetes

Back 782

Nonenzymatic glycosylation (small and large vessle dz)

Osmotic dmg (neuropathy, cataracts)

Front 783

leading caus of birth defects and mental retardation?

Back 783

ALCOHOL

FAS

Front 784

what antiaryhthmic is used for WPW

Back 784

procainamide and amiodarone

Front 785

nutmeg appearance of liver

Back 785

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to RHF

Front 786

what enzyme takes glucose to sorbitol?

sorbitol to fructose?

Back 786

Aldose reductase

sorbitol dehydrogenase

Front 787

"hair on end" crew cut appearance xray

Back 787

B-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia

Front 788

prophylactic tx for bacterial endocarditis?

Back 788

IV Vancomycin

Front 789

psuedopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

Back 789

glioblastoma multiforme

Front 790

tx for neuropathic pain assoc with diabetes

Back 790

gabapentin

pregabalin (also txs fibromyalgia)

Front 791

what will a competitive inhibitor do to Km?

what will a noncompetetiive inhibitor do to V max?

Back 791

increase it (decreases potency)

decrease (decrease efficacy

Front 792

when can you see bHCG in the urine?

what developmental stage will the baby be in

Back 792

within 2 weeks

2 germ layers: bilaminar disk

Front 793

RBC casts in urine

Back 793

acute glomerulonephritis

Front 794

compare type 1 DM vs 2 in the following ways

Strong genetic disposition:

insulin needed for tx:

HLA DR3/4

Ketoacidosis:

increased resistance to insulin

Back 794

Strong genetic disposition: 2

insulin needed for tx: 1

HLA DR3/4: 1

Ketoacidosis: 1

increased resistance to insulin: 2

Front 795

inflammatory heart nodules

Back 795

Aschoff bodies

focal myocardial inflammation with multinucleated giant cells

Front 796

what heart path fits the following-

Diffuse myocardial inflammation with necrosis and mononuclear cells:

ST elevations in all leads:

Disordered growth of myocytes

Back 796

Diffuse myocardial inflammation with necrosis and mononuclear cells: myocarditis

ST elevations in all leads: Pericarditis

Disordered growth of myocytes: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Front 797

onion skin periosteal reaction

Back 797

ewing sarcoma

Front 798

what kind of infection are you susceptible to in DKA

Back 798

rhizopus

Front 799

aminoglycosides will cause what fetal problem

Back 799

CN VIII tox

Front 800

what class antiarythmia are the following:

disopyramide
procainamide
quinidine

Back 800

IA

Police department questioned

Front 801

periosteum raised from bone creating triangular area

Back 801

codmans triangle on xray (osteosarcoma, pyogenic osteomylitis)

Front 802

MOA of glyburide?

Use

Tox?

Back 802

close K channel in B-cell membrane--> LEADS TO INSULIN RELEASE

early type 2 DM

tox: hypoglycemia

Front 803

hexagonal double pointed needle like crystals in broncial secretions

Back 803

Charcot Leyden crystals; eosinophilic granules

bronchial asthma

Front 804

focal myocardial inflammation with multinucleate giant cells

Back 804

aschoff cells of RF

Front 805

podocyte fusion on EM

Back 805

minimal change dz

child with nephrotic syndrome

Front 806

MOA of Glipizide?

Use

Tox?

Back 806

close K channel in B-cell membrane--> LEADS TO INSULIN RELEASE

early type 2 DM

tox: hypoglycemia

Front 807

what is the diff btw

Transsexualism
Transvestisms

Back 807

Transsexualism: desire to live as opposite sex, feel trapped in wrong body

Transvestisms:parahilia; wearing clothes of the opposite sex (wear it for sexual arousal)

Front 808

what is Km? assoc with affinity?

Back 808

Km is concentration at 1/2 Vmax

decreased Km-->increased affinity

Front 809

polished ivory like appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

Back 809

eburnation (osteoarthritis resulitng in bony scleorsis)

Front 810

MOA of Glimepiride?

Use

tox

Back 810

close K channel in B-cell membrane--> LEADS TO INSULIN RELEASE

early type 2 DM

tox: hypoglycemia

Front 811

high levels of D dimer

Back 811

DVT, PE, DIC

fibrin breakdown products

Front 812

pt has a granuloma on the hard palate, hematuria, and hemoptysis

Back 812

Wegner's granulomatosis

c-ANCA

tx: cyclophosphamide + corticosteriod)

Front 813

protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau

Back 813

neurofibrillary tangles (Az, CJD)

Front 814

MOA of metformin?

tox?

Back 814

decrease gluconeogenesis for diabetes 2

lactic acidosis

Front 815

what problem will valproate or carbamazepine cause in preggo

Back 815

inhibition of intestinal folate absorption

Neural Tube defect

Front 816

what class antiarythmia are the following:

Mexiletine
Tocainide
Lidcaine

Back 816

IB

The Little Man

Front 817

25 year old pregnant lady in 3rd trimester has normal BP when standing/sitting. When supine her BP drops to 90/50. Diagnosis?

Back 817

compression of IVC

Front 818

MOA of pioglitazone?

tox?

Back 818

increase insulin sensitivity viar PPAR gamma

tox: weight gain, edema (rare hepatotox)

Front 819

Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

Back 819

Ghon complex (primary TB)

Front 820

perforation of the nasal seputm has 2 causes

Back 820

wegner's granulomatosis

COCAINE (like it was 1980)

Front 821

where does HSV 1 lay dormant?

2?

VZV?

Back 821

1: trigeminal ganglia

2: S2/S3 ganglia

VZV: DRG

Front 822

MOA of rosiglitazone?

tox?

Back 822

increase insulin sensitivity viar PPAR gamma

major tox is MI

Front 823

proportion of all ppl with dz who test positive=

Back 823

Sensitivity

TP/(TP+FN)

Front 824

what does the notochord devlop into?

what do these structures give rise to?

Back 824

neuroectoderm and neural plate

Neural plate gives rise to neuroal tube (CNS) and neural crest cells

Notochord becomes nucleus pulposus of the IV disk

Front 825

doctor gives amoxacillin to a pt with suspected strep. Later the pt gets a rash. Why

Back 825

he had mono not strep

Front 826

MOA of sitagliptin/saxagliptin

Back 826

decrease glucagon secretion and increase insulin

used in DM2 by affecting GLP1

Front 827

honeycomb lung on xray

Back 827

Interstitial fibrosis

Front 828

granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia

Back 828

Churg-Strauss syndrome

p-ANCA

Front 829

3-5 days of fever in a child followed by rash. What HHV is this?

Back 829

Roseola: HHV 6

Front 830

given the following characteristic list the DM 2 drug

lactic acidosis:

most common side effect is hypoglycemia:

not assoc with weight gain, often used in overweight diabetics:

Back 830

lactic acidosis:

most common side effect is hypoglycemia: Sulfonylurea

not assoc with weight gain, often used in overweight diabetics: Metformin

Front 831

what vessel do the umbilical arteries come off of?

Back 831

Internal illliac

remember this is blood back to the momma

Front 832

what class antiarythmia are the following:

Encainide
Propafenone
Flecainide

Back 832

IC

For Pushing Ectasy

Front 833

HHV 8=

Back 833

kaposi

Front 834

given the following characteristic list the DM 2 drug

Also helps lower triglycerides and LDL cholestrol levels:

not safe in hepatic dysfunction or CHF:

should not be used in pts with serum creatinine elevation:

Metabolized by liver, excellent choice for pts with renal dz:

Back 834

Also helps lower triglycerides and LDL cholestrol levels: Metformin

not safe in hepatic dysfunction or CHF: Metformin/Glitazone

should not be used in pts with serum creatinine elevation: Metformin

Metabolized by liver, excellent choice for pts with renal dz: Glitazone

Front 835

hypersegmented neutrophils

Back 835

megaloblastic anemia (B12 or folate def)

Front 836

vasculitis in young asthmatic

Back 836

Churg strauss syndrome

p-ANCA

Front 837

MOA of acyclovir

Back 837

phospohrylated by thymidine kinase and inhibits viral DNA polymerase

Ganciclovir has similar mech

Front 838

3 side effects of insulin administration

Back 838

Lipodystrophy
Weight gain
Hypoglycemia

Front 839

what NT changes will you see in:

depression

Back 839

decresase NE, 5HT, and dopamine

Front 840

female is born and has no issues for the first 6 mo of life. Later you see a delay in head growth and social withdrawal. You start to see constant repetitive hand movements. Pt progresses to have limited mobility. What do they have? Genetics

Back 840

Rett disorder

X linked dominant

Front 841

2 tx for Hep C

Back 841

Alpha interferon

ribaviron

Front 842

three drugs that you can use to treat nephrogenic diabetes?

Back 842

Hydrochlorothiazide

Indomethacin

Amiloride

Front 843

MAP=

Back 843

2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic

Front 844

lower extremity palpable purpura, arthralgia of the knees, and abdominal pain...what is it and what does it follow?

Back 844

Henoch-schonlein purpura

follows URI

note: can also have IgA Nephropathy

Front 845

what do the s, c, and e Ab mean in hepatitis

Back 845

s: Hep B infection

c: core, history of active dz

e: active viral replication, high transmissibility

Front 846

in Diabetes insipidus...

Urine specific gravity<

serum osmolaility>

Back 846

Urine specific gravity<1.006

serum osmolaility>290

Front 847

what do the 1-6 aortic arches become

Back 847

1: maxillary artery (branch of external carotid)

2: stapedial artery and hyoid

3: common carotid and proximal part of internal carotid

4: on left-arotic arch; on righ-proximal part of right subclavian

6: proximal part of pulmonary arteries and on left only the ductus arteriosus

Front 848

side effects of amiodarone

Back 848

pulmonary fibrosis
hepatotox
hypothroid/hyperthyroid
blue man
photosens

Front 849

what Ag will be seen in early hep B infection that is assoc with Anti-HBcAb

late?

Back 849

early: IgM

late: IgG

Front 850

what heart problem is associated with carcinoid syndrome? what will be raised in the urine? tx?

Back 850

Right sided valvular dz

5-HIAA

octreotide

Front 851

1. heart sound with congestive HF

2. Chronic HTN

Back 851

1. S3

2. S4

Front 852

little asian baby with fever, conjunctivitis, cracking lips, and strawberry tongue. Where else will they have rash?

why is it so severe?

tx?

Back 852

Kawaskai dz

peeling of the hands (desquamation)

so severe: coronary aneurysm

tx: IVIG and high dose aspirin to prevent coronary problems

mneomonic:
CRASH and Brun
Conjuctivitis
Rash
Adenopathy
Strawberry
Hand and feet swelling
Burning fever for 5 days

Front 853

when is the only time you can have positive Anti-HBsAb and negative E and C?

Back 853

Immunization

Front 854

loss of pain and temp, hoarseness, horners syndrome. What is this? due to?

Back 854

Wallenburg's syndrome

due to occlusion of one of the posterior inferior cellebellar arteries (PICA)

Front 855

what test shows if you have a capsule on a bacterium

Back 855

quelling

Front 856

when is a baby highly susceptible to teratogens?

what is going on here

Back 856

3-8

organogensis

Front 857

pink eye cause

Back 857

adenovirus

Front 858

what tumors are assoc with MEN2A

Back 858

Medullary ca of thyroid, pheo, parathyroid

Front 859

What is the heart ejection fraction=

Back 859

EF= SV/EDV

Front 860

hepatitis B with vasuclitis

Back 860

polyarteritis nodosa

Front 861

what DNA virus causes the following

gingivostomatitis

human progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Oral hairy leukoplakia

Back 861

gingivostomatitis: HSV 1/2

human progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: JC virus

oral hairy leukoplakia: EBV

Front 862

2 cancers assoc with RET gene mutation

Back 862

MEN 2A/B

Front 863

What developmental structure matches the following:

fetal plancental structure that secretes hCG:

maternal component of the placenta:

Back 863

fetal plancental structure that secretes hCG: syncytiotrophoblast

maternal component of the placenta: decidua basalis

Front 864

desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

Back 864

Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; whorled mucous plugs)

Front 865

child with aseptic meningitis after swimming in a pool...cause

Back 865

echovirus

Front 866

G-C bond has how many H bonds?

A-T?

which has higher melting temp

Back 866

G-C: 3

A-T: 2

G-C higher melting temp

Front 867

with what type of congenital heart defect would increasing afterload be beneficial

Back 867

R->L shunt

Front 868

young asian female with poor pulses in extremity

Back 868

Takayasu's arteritis

Front 869

fever, black vomitus, jaundice

what piece of anatomy will look weird

Back 869

yellow fever

tongue:red at the tip, white on the sides

Front 870

rate limiting enzyme in pyrimidine synthesis

Back 870

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II (CPS2)

Front 871

what NT changes will you see in:

Anxiety

Back 871

Increase NE, decrease GABA, decrease 5HT

Front 872

what type of study collects data from a group of ppl to assess frequency of dz at a particular point in time

Back 872

Cross sectional study

measures dz prevalence

Front 873

break bone fever, muscle joint pain, headache, retro orbital pain....what is the test for this?

Back 873

Dengue Fever

Tourniquet Test: put BP cuff on, leave it there for 10 min, look for excess petichae

Front 874

what drug inhibits ribonucleotide reductase for cancer or sickle cell anemia

Back 874

hydroxyurea

Front 875

what deviation is assoc with the following-

Inferior wall MI:

Acute right heart strain (PE):

Back 875

Inferior wall MI: Left axis

Acute right heart strain (PE): Right axis

Front 876

elderly female, unilateral headache, jaw pain on chewing

Back 876

Temporal arteritis

assoc with molymyalgia rheumatica (severe joint pain)

Front 877

what is the role of hemagglutinin and nueraminidase

Back 877

hemagglutinin: promotes viral entry

neuraminidase: promotes progeny virion release

for influenza virus

Front 878

megaloblastic anemia that cannot be treated w B12 or folic acid =

Back 878

Orotic aciduria

can't make UMP (erotic hUMP)

failure to thrive

no hyperammonemia

Front 879

what structure divides the trunucus arteriosus into the pulmonary trunks and aortic trunks. derivative of?

Back 879

aorticopulmonary septum

neural crest

Front 880

disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fulid

Back 880

call-exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)

Front 881

high pitched brassy cough in a young kid with asthma like sx

Back 881

RSV bronchiolitis

Front 882

Lesch-Nyhan is due to defective purine salvage owing to absence of what

Back 882

HGPRT

He's got purine recovery trouble

X linked recessive

Front 883

what can show you a normal axis

Back 883

positive deflection in limb lead I and II

Front 884

what is the diff btw strawberry and cherry hemangioma

Back 884

Strawberry: benign, in kids, outgrow it

Cherry: bening, elderly, does not regress

Front 885

what drug is OK to use in adults (esp after bone marrow transplant) but is NOT good for kids with RSV

Back 885

Ribavirin

Front 886

how does UV light damage DNA

Back 886

creates thymine dimers on same strand of DNA

cannot repair it (no nucleotide excision repair)

AR

Front 887

what kind of test do you want for screening? diagnosis?

Back 887

screen: high sensitivity

diagnose: high specificity

Front 888

what embryological structure leads to formation of the adenohypophysis?

Back 888

surface ectoderm

(ant pituitary)

also you get gland formation

Front 889

pt has cough, rhinitis, and conjunctivits. what do they have? what else could you see

Back 889

rubeola (measles)

look for koplik spots: due to immune response

Front 890

what are the stop codons

Back 890

UGA
UAG
UAA

Front 891

what bug can cause AV nodal block

Back 891

Lyme dz: bb

Front 892

cystic hygroma is associated with what

Back 892

Turners

cavernous lymphangioma of the neck

Front 893

parotitis orchitis, and meningitis

Back 893

Mumps

Front 894

mutations of TATA or CAAT lead to what

Back 894

these are promotors

decreasing them will lead to decreased amount of gene transcribed

Front 895

what is the order of fetal erythropoiesis?

Back 895

yolk sac
liver
spleen
bone marrow

Front 896

dysplastic squamous cervical cells with muclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

Back 896

koiliocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

Front 897

MOA of amantadine

Back 897

blocks viral penetration and uncoating (M2 protein)

Front 898

alpha amantin, which is found in death cap mushrooms, can lead to problems in what organ? how

Back 898

Liver failure

inhibit RNA polymerase II (can't make mRNA)

Front 899

in the aortic arch, what do the baroreceptors respond to? what nerve does it use? where does the message go to?

Back 899

responds only to increased BP

vagus to medulla

Front 900

necrotizing immune complex inflammation of visceral/renal vessles

Back 900

primary pauci immune cresentic glomerulonephritis

Front 901

MOA of Zanamivir?

Use?

Back 901

inhibit neuraminidase, decreasing release of progeny virus

Influenza A and B

Front 902

what do the different RNA polymerases make

Back 902

RMT

I: rRNA
II: mRNA
III:tRNA

Front 903

what NT changes will you see in:

AZ?

Back 903

Decrease ACh

Front 904

man yells at his family when he has a bad day at work...

Back 904

displacement

Front 905

MOA of oseltamivir?

Use?

Back 905

inhibit neuraminidase, decreasing release of progeny virus

Influenza A and B

Front 906

which are expressed, exons or introns

Back 906

Exons

done by spliceosomes

Front 907

in the carotid sinus, what do the baroreceptors respond to? what nerve does it use? where does the message go to?

Back 907

responds to increase or decrease in BP

glossopharyngeal n to solitary nucleus of medulla

Front 908

polypoid red lesion found in pregnancy or after trauma

Back 908

Pyogenic granuloma

Front 909

MOA of Ribavirn?

use? 2

Back 909

inhibits synthesis of guanine nucleotides by competitively inhibiting IMP dehydrogenase

RSV (in adults), chronic hep c

Front 910

what is the role of Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?

Back 910

responsible for accuracy of amino acid selection

Front 911

Match the following:

Truncus arteriosus
Bulbus cordis
Primitive ventricle
Primitive atria
Left horn of sinus venosus
Right horn of SV
Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein

With the following:
Portion of the left ventricle
Trabeculated left/right atrium
Ascending aorta/pulmonary trunk
SVC
Coronary sinus
Smooth part of RA
Right ventricle and smooth parts of L/R ventricle

Back 911

Truncus arteriosus:
ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

Bulbus cordis
RV and smooth parts of L/R ventricle

Primitive ventricle
portion of left ventricle

Primitive atria
trabeculated left and right atrium

Left horn of sinus venosus
coronary sinus

Right horn of SV
smooth part of RA

Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein
SVC

Front 912

cowdry type A bodies aka enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

Back 912

owls' eye appearance on CMV

Front 913

milk maid blisters, due to?

Back 913

Cowpox

Front 914

what 2 drugs inhibit 50s peptidyltransferase?

Back 914

chloremphenocol

streptogramins

Front 915

what is a plasmid?

Back 915

DNA particle separate from normal bacterial DNA. Makes abx resistance enzymes

Front 916

benign painful red blue tumor under fingernails

Back 916

Glomus tumor

Front 917

what is Cushings Triad

Back 917

HTN, bradycardia, respiratory depression

occurs after intracranial pressure constricts arterioles leading to cerebral ischemia-->HTN-->reflex brady

think about an intracranial hemorrhage!

Front 918

What amino acid frequently has more coding sequences in the mRNA than are represented in the peptide that is created from that mRNA

Back 918

methione

it is the start sequence that gets cleaved

Front 919

Antidote for TCAs?

Theophylline?

Heparin

Back 919

TC: NaHCO3 (plasma alkalinization)

Theophylline: B-Blocker

Heparin: Protamine

Front 920

what allows HIV to bind to macrophage (what does the HIV have and what receptor does it use)

what does it bind on CD4 cells?

Back 920

gp120

binds the CCR5 on macrophages

CXCR4 on CD4

Front 921

which of the following makes cleft lip vs palate

1. failure of fusion of the lateral palatine process, nasal septum and/or the median palatine process

2. Failure of fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal process

Back 921

1. Palate

2. Lip

Front 922

Vd=?

Back 922

amount of drug given iv/[drug plasma]

Front 923

antidote for Ethanol, methanol, and ethylene glycol

Back 923

Fomepizole

inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase

Front 924

what is an R5 virus

Back 924

HIV that only uses CCR5 receptor

Front 925

what is brief psychotic disorder?

Back 925

schizophrenia for less than 1 month, usually stress related

Front 926

what is pulmonary capillary wedge pressure?

Back 926

approximation of left atrial pressure

in mitral stenosis, PCWP>LV diastolic pressure

measured with Swan-Ganz catheter

Front 927

oxalate crystals makes you think of what

Back 927

ethylene glycol (antifreeze)

Front 928

candida, toxoplamosis, and histoplasmosis are things you have to worry about in AIDS at what CD4 level?

Back 928

<100

Front 929

what nerves innervate the branchial arches?

Back 929

1: V2/V3
2: VII
3: IX
4&6: X and superior laryngeal n.

Front 930

what is an adult type coarctation of the aorta commonly associated with?

Back 930

bicuspid aortic valve

Front 931

Antidote for cyanide posioning

Back 931

Nitrite, hydroxocobalamin, thiosulfate

Front 932

MOA of the navir drugs?

Back 932

Protease drugs

assembly of virons depends on HIV 1 protease, blocking this, they can't recognize their own rNA--> can't make new virus

tox: GI intolerance, P450 inhibition (but actually helps keep other meds around longer)

Front 933

if a screening test has a 1% false-negative rate. What is the sensitivity of the test?

Back 933

1-FN

so 99%

Front 934

Nitroglycerine helps treats angina how

Back 934

causes decrease in preload so that you decrease the O2 demand

Front 935

which spinal tract does the following

voluntary motor command from motor cortex to head/neck:

alternate routes for the mediation of voluntary movement:


important for postural adjustments and head movements:

Proprioceptive info for the cerebellum:

Back 935

voluntary motor command from motor cortex to head/neck: corticobulbar tract

alternate routes for the mediation of voluntary movement: reticulospinal tract/rubrospinal tract

important for postural adjustments and head movements: vestibulospinal


Proprioceptive info for the cerebellum: dorsal/ventral spinocerebellar tracts

Front 936

MOA of zidovudine and didanosine

Back 936

NTRI

competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to reverse transcriptase and terminate the DNA chain

Front 937

What CN innervates the tongue in the following ways:

Taste in anterior 2/3
taste in post 1/3
motor
sensation ant 2/3
sensation post 1/3

Back 937

Taste in anterior 2/3: VII
taste in post 1/3: IX
motor: XII
sensation ant 2/3: V3
sensation post 1/3: IX

Front 938

what NT changes will you see in:

huntington

Back 938

decrease GABA and ACh

Front 939

schizophreniform disorder?

Back 939

1-6 months

Front 940

what drug can be used to prevent HIV in the fetus

Back 940

zidovudine

can cause Bone marrow suppression

Front 941

how does the presentation of a branchial cleft cyst differ from that of a thyroglossal duct cyst?

Back 941

branchial clef: in lateral neck

thyrogolossal: midline neck, moves with swallowing

Front 942

how does LPS cause vasodilation

Back 942

activates iNOS leading to NO activation

this activates Guanylyl cyclase

leads to activated mysoin phophatase which leads to myosin relaxation

Front 943

Maintenance dose=

Back 943

MD= Css x CL

Front 944

what anti HIV drug has the side effect of pancreatitis and peripheral neuropathy

Back 944

didanosine

NTRI

competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to reverse transcriptase and terminate the DNA chain

Front 945

failure of the lateral fold to close can cause what 2 problems

Back 945

Gastroschisis

Omphalocele

note: omphalocele has way more associated abnormalities

AFP will be elevated

Front 946

loud S1 and wide fixed split S2 =

Back 946

ASD

Front 947

schizoaffective disorder

Back 947

2 weeks of stable mood + psychotic sx plus a major depressive, manic, or mixed episode

Front 948

what kind of drugs are nevirapine, declavirdine, and efavirenz?

class tox?

Back 948

NNRTI

bind to reverse transcriptase at diff site then NRTI.

RASH

Front 949

what does a horseshoe kidney get caught under

Back 949

the inferior mesenteric artery

function is normal

Front 950

first line therapy for HTN in pregnancy? MOA?

what are the 3 other drugs you can use

Back 950

Hydralazine- vasodilates arterioles>veins; reduces afterloads

(nifedipine, labetalol, methyldopa)

Front 951

physician looking for risk factors for pancreatitis. he interviews 100 hospitalized pts with pancreatitis, and 100 without. What type of study?

Back 951

Case control

Front 952

what kind of drug is Enfuvirtide? MOA

Back 952

Fusion inhibitor

bind viral gp41, inhibit fusion with CD4 cells

Front 953

bilateral renal agenesis-->oligohydraminos-->pulmonary hypoplasia

Back 953

Potter's syndrome

Front 954

write out the TP TN chart

Back 954

+ -
+ TP FP

- FN TN

Front 955

what can happen at the following time periods after using an antipsychotic:

4 hr:
4 d:
4: wk:
4 mo:

Back 955

4 hr: acute dystonia
4 d: akineisia
4: wk: akathisia (restlessness)
4 mo: tar dive dyskinesia

Front 956

miraviroc MOA?

Back 956

binds CCR5 and inhibits GP120

used in HIV

Front 957

what gene is responsible for inhibiting mullerian development

Back 957

SRY on Y chromosome

Front 958

what anti HTN drug causes hypertrichosis

Back 958

Minoxidil

Front 959

what gram + organism has LPS?

Back 959

Listeria

Front 960

list the antiretroviral drug classes/drugs that cause the following:

SE-lactic acidosis:
SE-GI intolerance
SE-megaloblastic anemia
SE-rash
SE-bone marrow suppression
SE-occupational HIV exposure tx:

Back 960

SE-lactic acidosis: NRTIs
SE-GI intolerance: Protease inhibitors
SE-megaloblastic anemia: Zidovudine (NRTI)
SE-rash: NNRTI
SE-bone marrow suppression: Zidovudine (NRTI)
SE-occupational HIV exposure tx: Zidovudine (NRTI)

Front 961

what is exstrophy of the bladder assoc with?

Back 961

Epispadias

Front 962

baby is born with a widely split S2 and tricuspid regurg. What drug was mom likely on?

Back 962

Lithium

this kid has ebsteins anomaly

Front 963

pt with mental issue is started on new drug. They get rigidity, myoglobinuria, ANS instability, hyperpyrexia. What do they have? Tx?

Back 963

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

dantrolene (or bromocriptine)

Front 964

what HIV drugs can cause rearrangement of fat and hyperglycemia

(you could see a buffalo hump)

Back 964

Protease inhibitors

(Navirs)

Front 965

woman comes with 2 lumps in the labia majora....

Back 965

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

those lumps weren't lady humps, they were balls.

Front 966

what drug causes first dose orthostatic HTN?

Back 966

alpha 1 blockers

Front 967

group of ppl that smoke and do not smoke are followed over 20 years, every 2 years is determined who develops cancer and who does not. Type of study?

Back 967

cohort

Front 968

staph a can be normal flora where?

normal flora of oropharynx:

dental plaque:

colon:

Back 968

staph a: nose

normal flora of oropharynx: viridans strep

dental plaque: strep mutans

colon: bacteroides fragilis

Front 969

34 year old male w/ testicular ca. Metastatic spread occurs by what route

Back 969

para-aortic lymph nodes

Front 970

what NT changes will you see in:

SZ

Back 970

increase dopamine

Front 971

in addition to malignant hyperthermia and NMS what can dantrolene tx?

Back 971

Serotonin syndrome

Front 972

clostridium perfringes can cause food poisoning from eating what?

can lead to?

Back 972

from reheated meat dishes

gas gangrene

Front 973

what is the female homolog of

prostate gland:

corpus spongiosum:

Back 973

prostate gland: Glands of scene

corpus spongiosum: vestibular bulb

Front 974

what drug will cause dry mouth sedation and severe rebound HTN? MOA

Back 974

clonidine

alpha 2 agonist

Front 975

pt has a kidney problem and clearance is reduced with unchanged Vd. What effect will this have on loading dose and maintenance dose?

Back 975

LD stays the same

maintenance dose goes down

Front 976

give the cause of the following:

most common cause of atypical pneumonia:

most common cause of pneumonia in 1 year or younger:

most common cause of pneumonia in college, military, and prision:

most common cause of viral pneumonia:

pontiac fever:

Back 976

most common cause of atypical pneumonia: Mycoplasma

most common cause of pneumonia in 1 year or younger: RSV

most common cause of pneumonia in college, military, and prison: Mycoplasma

most common cause of viral pneumonia: RSV

pontiac fever: Legionella

Front 977

what germ layer gives rise to the following:

retina:
salivary glands:
tyhmus:
anterior pit:
cranial nerves:

Back 977

retina: neuro ectoderm
salivary glands: surface ectoderm
thymus:endoderm
anterior pit: surface ectoderm
cranial nerves: neural crest

Front 978

what 2 heart defects are seen with 22q11 disorders

Back 978

TA

Tetrology

Front 979

what atypical antipsychotics are assoc with weight gain and diabetes? (3)

Back 979

quetiapine, olanzapine, clozapine

Front 980

meningitis + purpura

Back 980

N. meningitis

Front 981

anticentromere abs

Back 981

CREST

Front 982

at what point must you surgically repair an abdominal aorta aneurysm ?

Back 982

5cm or >

Front 983

What does it mean if your relative risk (RR) is <1

RR>1?

RR=1?

Back 983

RR<1: dz is less likely to occur in the exposed group

RR>1: dz more likely to occur in exposed group

RR=1 : no difference in risk btw the 2 groups

Front 984

which has a higher opening pressure, bacterial or viral meningitis

Back 984

bacterial

everything is worse in bacterial

Front 985

antihistone abs

Back 985

drug induced SLE

Front 986

which bugs hinflux capsule

Back 986

Strep pneumo
Kleb
H influ
Neisseria
Salmonella
Group B strep

Front 987

atypcial antipsychotic that causes agranulocytosis

Back 987

clozapine

Front 988

positive nitrite test shows what?

Back 988

gram negative bacterial UTI

Front 989

c-ANCA:

p-ANCA:

Back 989

c-ANCA: wegener's

p-ANCA: microscopin polyangitis, churg-strauss

Front 990

primary effect of Statins? MOA? major tox?

Back 990

decrease LDL

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

hepatotox and rhabdomyolysis

Front 991

what complement mediates anaphylactic shock

Back 991

C3a

hypotension and edema

Front 992

neonate born with chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcifications, what did mom have

Back 992

toxoplasma

Front 993

antiplatelet abs

Back 993

ITP

Front 994

heart defects seen in congenital rubella? 3

Back 994

septal defects, PDA, pulmonary artery stenosis

Front 995

SZ + mood disorder

Back 995

schizoaffective

Front 996

3 things that happen in a baby who has congenital rubella

Back 996

PDA
Cataracts
Deafness

Front 997

anti-toposomerase abs

Back 997

diffuse systemic scleroderma

Front 998

drug of choice to raise HDL?

side effect of this drug

Back 998

Niacin

flushing of the face (can be treated with aspirin)

Front 999

what is the difference btw reliability and validity

Back 999

reliability: reproducible test

validity: accuarcy

Front 1000

unilateral hearing loss is due to what TORCH infection

Back 1000

CMV

can also cause seizures

Front 1001

azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts

Back 1001

auer rods (AML)

Front 1002

what NT changes will you see in:

Parkinson's dz

Back 1002

decrease dopamine

increase 5HT and ACh

Front 1003

what is dissociative fugue?

Back 1003

abrupt change in geographic location with inability to recall past, confusion about personal identity

assoc with traumatic circumstances

Front 1004

neonatal manifestation of baby who was born to a mom with vesicular painful lesions on the vagina

Back 1004

Temporal lobe enchephalitis

due to HSV

Front 1005

basophillic nuclear remnants in RBCs

Back 1005

Howell-jolly bodies (splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

Front 1006

best drugs to lower Triglycerides

moa?

tox?

Back 1006

"Fibrates" (gemfibrozil, clofibrate, bezafibrate, fenofibrate)

upregulate LPL to increase TG clearance

causes hepatotox (don't use with statin!)

Front 1007

how many half lives does it take to get to 94%?

Back 1007

4 half lives

(at one half life: 50%, 2: 75%, 3:87.5%,)

Front 1008

baby has snuffles (what are these) and metaphyseal dystrophy and periostitis. What do they have?

Back 1008

congenital syphilis

snuffles=desquamation of hands and feet

Front 1009

bloody tap on LP

Back 1009

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Front 1010

increased alpha fetoprotein = (2)

Back 1010

Neural tube defect

or anterior abdominal wall defects

Front 1011

what must you have to diagnose bipolar (I v II)

Back 1011

I: at least 1 manic episode

II: at least 1 hypomanic episode

Front 1012

what are the W's of fever in the post op period

Back 1012

Wind: collapse lung
Water: UTI
Wound: infection
Walking: DVT
Wonder Drugs: Abx

Front 1013

Brown tumor of bone

Back 1013

hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolystic cysts. Due to:
Hyperparathyroidism
Osteitis fibrosa cystica

Front 1014

use for gemfibrozil? MOA? tox?

Back 1014

lowers triglycerides

upregulate LPL to increase TG clearance

causes hepatotox (don't use with statin!)

Front 1015

what is Berkson's bias

Back 1015

study on pts that have been hospitalized ...bias of sx

Front 1016

total parenteral feeding can lead to what nosocomial infection

Back 1016

candidia

Front 1017

cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

Back 1017

chagas

trypanosoma cruzi

Front 1018

prevalence vs incidence:

looks at new and old cases

Back 1018

Prevalence

Prevalence= incident x dz duration
Prevalence>for chronic dz

(incidence is NEW incidents)

Front 1019

what is cyclothymic disorder

Back 1019

dysthymia and hypomania; midler form of bipolar lasting 2 years

Front 1020

what are the following like for TB/fungal meningitis:

Opening pressure:
protein:
glucose:
lymph or PNS:

Back 1020

Opening pressure: increase
protein: increase
glucose: decrease
lymph or PNS: increase lymphocytes

this is the same as bacterial but with increased lymphocytes instead of PMNs

Front 1021

anticentromere abs

Back 1021

CREST

Front 1022

what lipid lowering agent matches the following:

GI discomfort, bad taste:
Best effect on HDL
Best effect on triglycerides
Best effect on LDL

Back 1022

GI discomfort, bad taste: bile acid resins
Best effect on HDL: Niacin
Best effect on triglycerides: Fibrates
Best effect on LDL:Statin

Front 1023

neutrophil chemotactic facto?

Back 1023

C5a

Front 1024

list the following as protease inhibitor, NRTI, or NNRTI:

Ritonavir:
Didanosine
Declavirdine:
Zidovudine:
Abacavir:
Lamivudine:
Nelfinavir:
Efavirinz:

Back 1024

Ritonavir: PI
Didanosine: NRTI
Declavirdine:NNRTI
Zidovudine:NRTI
Abacavir: NRTI
Lamivudine: NRTI
Nelfinavir: PI
Efavirinz: NNRTI

Front 1025

antihistone abs

Back 1025

drug induced SLE

Front 1026

cape like bilateral loss of pain and temp sensation in upper extremities and preservation of touch

Back 1026

Syringomyelia

seen with Chiari II

Front 1027

what are 3 important side effects of lithium

Back 1027

Hypothyroid

Ebsteins anomaly

Nephrogenic diabetes insidious

Front 1028

what will xray show on aortic dissection?

Back 1028

medialstinal widening

look for tearing chest pain radiating to the back

Front 1029

c-ANCA:

p-ANCA:

Back 1029

c-ANCA: wegener's

p-ANCA: microscopin polyangitis, churg-strauss

Front 1030

what NT changes will you see in:

Mania

Back 1030

increase NE, 5HT, DA

opposite of depression

Front 1031

What is Lead-time bias?

what is the Hawthorn effect?

Back 1031

early detection confused with increased survival

Hawthorn: changing your behavior because you know you are being studied

Front 1032

anti-hypertensive drug of choice for aortic dissection

Back 1032

B-blocker

Front 1033

antiplatelet abs

Back 1033

ITP

Front 1034

branchial clefts, arches, and pouches are derived from what?

Back 1034

CAP covers outside from inside:

Clefts=ectoderm
Arches=mesoderm
Pouches=endoderm

Front 1035

What are some of the mood stabilizers used to treat bipolar? 5

Back 1035

lithium
valproate
carbamazepine
lamatrigine
olanzapine (atypical antipsychotics)

Front 1036

DOC for prinzmetal angina

Back 1036

CCB (DHP-nifidipine)

Front 1037

anti-toposomerase abs

Back 1037

diffuse systemic scleroderma

Front 1038

CL=

Back 1038

(.7xVd)/t1/2

Front 1039

do charged or uncharged species get urinated out?

Back 1039

charged

Front 1040

likely cause of the following chest pain:

rapid onset sharp pain in 20 yo w/ dyspnea:

sharp pain lasting hours-days and is somewhat relieved by sitting forward:

most common cause of non-cardiac chest pain:

acute onset dyspnea, tachycardia, and confusion in a hospitalized pt:

Back 1040

rapid onset sharp pain in 20 yo w/ dyspnea: spontaneous pneumo

sharp pain lasting hours-days and is somewhat relieved by sitting forward: pericarditis

most common cause of non-cardiac chest pain: GERD


acute onset dyspnea, tachycardia, and confusion in a hospitalized pt: PE

Front 1041

azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts

Back 1041

auer rods (AML)

Front 1042

what does the 1st branchial cleft make?

2-4?

Back 1042

1: external auditory meatus

2-4: temporary cervical sinuses

Front 1043

how long must you have sx to be diagnosed with:

manic episode:
major depressive episode:
Schizophrenia:

Back 1043

manic episode: 1 week
major depressive episode: 2 weeks
Schizophrenia: 6 months

Front 1044

Goal of antianginal therapy

Back 1044

reduction of myocardial O2 consumption

Front 1045

basophillic nuclear remnants in RBCs

Back 1045

Howell-jolly bodies (splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

Front 1046

compare delirium and dementia in the following way:

change in consiousness:
reversible:
onset:
associated with memory change:
EEG:

Back 1046

change in consiousness:
delirium: wax/wane of consciousness
Dementia: no change in consciousness

reversible:
delirium is

onset:
delirium: rapid
dementia: gradual

associated with memory change:
Dementia

EEG:
delirium: abnormal
dementia: normal

Front 1047

what is a positive skew

Back 1047

mean>median>mode

asymmetry with tail on the right

Front 1048

in an evolution of MI:

0-4 hours:
4-24 hours:
2-4 days:
5-10 days:
10+ days:

Back 1048

0-4 hours: no visible change

4-24 hours: contraction bands

2-4 days: Hyperemia, Neutrophils, extensive coag necrosis

5-10 days: yellowing, risk for free wall rupture, tamponade, papillary muscle rupture, and interventricular septal rupture due to macrophage degradation; granulation tissue

10+ days: risk for ventricular aneurysm due to contracted scar

Front 1049

bloody tap on LP

Back 1049

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Front 1050

what does the 1st branchial arch make

Back 1050

M's & T's

Meckels cartilate, mandible, malleus, madibular ligament

muscles of amstication

CN V2 and V3

Front 1051

what is dysthymia?

Back 1051

milder form of depression lasting 2 years

normally only have 2 sx

Front 1052

most specific protein marker for MI?

Back 1052

Cardiac troponin I

rises after 4 hours, around for 7-10 days

Front 1053

Brown tumor of bone

Back 1053

hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolystic cysts. Due to:
Hyperparathyroidism
Osteitis fibrosa cystica

Front 1054

what is the equation for relative risk? what study was this for?

Back 1054

a/(a+b) / (c/(c+d))

cohort

Front 1055

Diptheria toxin does what?

Back 1055

inactivates elongation factor (EF-2)

causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in throat

Front 1056

Autoimmune phenomenon resulting in fibrinous pericarditis

Back 1056

Dressler's syndrome

Front 1057

cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

Back 1057

chagas

trypanosoma cruzi

Front 1058

what branchial arch are derived from the following:

stapes
styloid
stylohoid

what CN nerve does this do?

Back 1058

2

CN VII (smile)

Front 1059

drugs that end in -pramine are what? MOA

Back 1059

TCA

block reuptake to NE and 5HT

Front 1060

pt has MI, then later gets severe mitral regurg. What happened

Back 1060

papillary muscle rupture

Front 1061

circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

Back 1061

Homer Wright rosettes (adrenal neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, Ewing sarcoma)

Front 1062

2 major causes of delirium?

Back 1062

anti ACh drugs

UTI

Front 1063

what is a negative skew

Back 1063

mode>median>mean

asymmetry with tail on left

Front 1064

given the following artery, give the wall perfused and EKG leads

LAD:
Left circumflex
Right coronary (inf wall)
Right coronary (post wall)

Back 1064

LAD:
Wall-Anterior
Leads: V1-V4, V5

Left circumflex:
Wall-lateral
Leads: aVL, V5, V6

Right coronary (inf wall)
wall-Inferior
leads: II, III, aVF

Right coronary (post wall)
wall-Posterior
leads: R precordial EKG: V4

Front 1065

perivascular rosette: circular cell grouping with vessel in the middle

Back 1065

ependymoma

Ependymoma is a tumor that arises from the ependyma, a tissue of the central nervous system. Usually, in children the location is intracranial, while in adults it is spinal. The common location of intracranial ependymoma is the fourth ventricle. Rarely, ependymoma can occur in the pelvic cavity.

Syringomyelia can be caused by an ependymoma. Ependymomas are also seen with Neurofibromatosis Type II.

Front 1066

what brachial arch?

stylo-pharyngeus, glossopharyngeal and CN IX

Back 1066

3

Front 1067

if you had to pick btw nortriptyline or amitryptiline, for an elderly pt which would you use? why?

what are the side effects of these drugs

Back 1067

nortriptyline: less anticholinergic effects (less chance of causing delirium)

tox: Convulsions, Coma, Cardiotox

Front 1068

what degrades fibrin? what drugs activate this?

Back 1068

Plasmin

Streptokinase, urokinase, tPA (alteplase), The thrombolytics!

Front 1069

tx for superficial candida infection

Back 1069

nystatin

Front 1070

which organisms can form spores

Back 1070

bacillus and clostridium

Front 1071

Geriatric pts lose what form of metabolism first?

Back 1071

phase I: P450

Front 1072

what do you use to treat thrombolytic OD?

Back 1072

aminocaproic acid

inhibits fibrinolysis

Front 1073

soap bubble in the brain

Back 1073

cryptococcus neoformans

AIDS pts

Front 1074

what brachial arch: cricothyroid

Back 1074

4

Front 1075

tx for serotonin syndrome?

Back 1075

Cooling + benzo + cyproheptadine (5HT2 receptor antagonist)

Front 1076

MOA for clopidogrel?

Back 1076

inhibit platelet aggregation by irreversibly blocking ADP receptors

Front 1077

what does the following describe:

1. acute angle branching hyphae

2. psuedohyphae+ budding yeast, dimorphic

3. nonseptate hyphae, wide-angle branching

Back 1077

1. acute angle branching hyphae: Aspirgillus

2. psuedohyphae+ budding yeast, dimorphic: candida


3. nonseptate hyphae, wide-angle branching: mucor

Front 1078

what is pseudo dementia

Back 1078

pt will have awareness that they are losing stuff

assoc with depression in elderly pt

Front 1079

what is a type I (alpha) error?

Back 1079

stating that there IS an effect or difference WHEN NONE EXISTS

false Positive error

Front 1080

MOA of Abciximab? use?

Back 1080

binds to IIb/IIIa preventing platelet aggregation (similar to clopidogrel, minus the ADP inhibition)

acute coronary syndrome (NSTEMI) and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Front 1081

what fungi can be found with ketoacidotic diabetics and leukemic pts

Back 1081

Mucor

note: can also penetrate the cribiform plate and enter the brain, you will see a black necrotic eschar on the face

Front 1082

what brachial arch: all intrinsic muscles of larynx except cricothyroid

Back 1082

6

Front 1083

what kind of drug is venlafaxine? MOA? use

Back 1083

SNRI

inhibit serotonin and NE reuptake

depression or GAD

Front 1084

side effects of aspirin?

Back 1084

ASPIRIN

Asthma
Salicylism
Peptic ulcer
Intestinal blood loss
Reyes Syndrome
Idiosyncratic
Noise (tinnitus)

Front 1085

tx for tinea ungium?

Back 1085

terbinafine

Front 1086

what is the equation of Odds ratio? what study was this for?

Back 1086

ad/bc

case-control

Front 1087

MOA of vibrio toxin?

Back 1087

ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclase

pumps Cl into gut, water follows

rice water stool

Front 1088

what has a balloon appearance on chest x ray? heart sound heard?

Back 1088

Dilated cardiomyopathy

S3

Front 1089

where will you see histoplama in the body?

environment?

in the US?

Back 1089

Histo Hides in MACROPHAGES

bird/bat droppings

Mississippi and Ohio river valley

Front 1090

What pouch:

middle ear, eustachian tube mastoid air cells

Back 1090

1

Front 1091

what kind of drug is duloxetine? MOA? use?

Back 1091

SNRI

inhibit serotonin and NE reuptake

depression or diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Front 1092

major cause of mycarditis?

Back 1092

Coxsackie virus

Front 1093

latin american with a Captain Wheel yeast

Back 1093

Paracoccidioidomycosis

Front 1094

What is Memantine? use/moa

Back 1094

stops over stimulation of NMDA receptors which can be toxic to neurons

AZ dz

Front 1095

what is a type II (beta) error?

Back 1095

stating that there IS NOT an effect or difference WHEN ONE EXiSTS

false Negative error

Front 1096

heart sound in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Back 1096

S4

look for the words "myocyte disarray" to describe this

pts drop dead b/c they cannot profuse the thick ventricle

Front 1097

30 yo biddie with cauliflower skin lesions. Tissue biopsy shows broad based budding yeasts. Cause?

Back 1097

Blastomyces

Front 1098

What pouch:

epithelial lining of palatine tonsil

Back 1098

2

Front 1099

pt is trying to quit smoking. He has a seizure. why?

Back 1099

he was likely on buproprion, which lowers the seizure threshold

Front 1100

tx for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Back 1100

B-blocker or non-dihydropyridine CCB (verapamil)

Front 1101

MOA of amphotericin B

Back 1101

Binds ergosterol; forms membrane pores

use in serious systemic mycoses (cryptococcus, blastomyces, candida, etc...)

Front 1102

loading dose=

Back 1102

LD= Css x Vd

Front 1103

what is the difference btw efficacy and potentcy?

Back 1103

Efficacy: max effect a drug can produce

Potency: amount of drug for a given effect

Front 1104

2 most common causes of decreased LV contractility

Back 1104

MI and chronic HTN

Front 1105

swish and swallow for thrush

Back 1105

Nystatin

Front 1106

What pouch:

inferior parathyroid

Back 1106

3

Front 1107

what kind of drug is doxepin

Back 1107

TCA

Front 1108

what leads to tree bark appearance of the aorta

Back 1108

syphilitic heart dz

Front 1109

used for cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS?

MOA

Back 1109

Fluconazole

inhibit fungal sterol synthesis by inhibiting the P450 enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol

Front 1110

pt presents with dementia. their spouse said that prior to this they had marked changes in their personality and now are aphasic. What do they have?

Back 1110

Pick's dz (frontotemporal dementia)

(aggregated tau protein)

Front 1111

what does a p value show you? what is a significant value

Back 1111

likelihood that alpha error is present (alpha error is false positive)

if p<.05 there is a less than 5% chance that the data will show something that is not really there (that you have made an alpha error)

Front 1112

tx for acute CHF

Back 1112

LMNOP

Loop diuretic
Morphine
Nitrates
O2
Positioning (sit on edge of bed so blood pools in legs not lungs) / Pressors (get off B-blocker add dobutamine)

Front 1113

what drug inhibits the fungal enzyme squalene epoxidase?

use?

Back 1113

Terbinafine

tineas

Front 1114

What pouch:

superior parathyroid

Back 1114

4

Front 1115

what kind of drug is tranylcypromine

Back 1115

MAOi

Front 1116

antidote for salicylates?

amphetamines?

Back 1116

sal: NaHCO3 (alkalinize the urine)

amphetamine: NH4Cl (acidify urine)

Front 1117

MOA of griseofulvin?

use?

Back 1117

interferes with microtubule function; disrupts mitosis; deposits in keratin containing tissues (nails)

use: oral tx of superficial infections, inhibits growth of dermatophytes (tinea ringworm)

Front 1118

what is the equation for attributable risk

Back 1118

a/(a+b) - c/(c+d)

Front 1119

heat labile toxin is seen in what bug? what does it cause

Back 1119

ETEC

watery diarrhea

Front 1120

antidote for

B-blockers and verpamil

Back 1120

Glucagon

or Calcium

or Atropine

Front 1121

cell wall synthesis inhibitor used in invasive aspergillosis

Back 1121

Caspofungin

Front 1122

most common ectopic site for thyroid?

Back 1122

tongue

Front 1123

what kind of drug is citalopram

Back 1123

SSRI

Front 1124

antidote for iron tox

SAY IT RIGHT TAUBE

Back 1124

Deferoxamine

Front 1125

what 2 drugs inhibit ergosterol synthesis?

Back 1125

Azoles and terbinifine

Front 1126

dementia + visual hallucinations + repeated falls/syncope =

Back 1126

lewy body dementia

(alpha synuclein defect)

Front 1127

what does one standardization on either side of the mean contain?

2?

3?

1.465?

Back 1127

1: 68% o the population

2: 95%

3: 99.7%

1.645: 90%

Front 1128

antidote for copper

Back 1128

Penicillamine

penny made of copper!

Front 1129

antifungal that inhibits hormone synth and P450s

Back 1129

Ketoconazole

Front 1130

which is a bigger deal, cleft lip or palate

Back 1130

palate

can't breast feed

Front 1131

what kind of drug is sertaline

Back 1131

SSRI

Front 1132

antidote for Methemoglobin

Back 1132

Methylene blue, vitamin C

Front 1133

this causes brain abscess in the HIV. Triad of chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcification

Back 1133

Toxoplasma gondii

Front 1134

Therapeutic index=?

Back 1134

LD50/ED50

LD50=lethal dose to 50 % of population

ED50=effective dose

TILE

want a high TI value

Front 1135

pt with rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis after swimming in a lake

Back 1135

Naegleria fowleri

Front 1136

which antidepressant matches the following statements

works well with SSRIs and increases REM sleep:

appetite stimulant that is likely to result in weight gain:

Back 1136

works well with SSRIs and increases REM sleep: Trazodone

appetite stimulant that is likely to result in weight gain: Mirtazapine

Front 1137

tx for trypansoma cruzi

Back 1137

nifurtimox

Front 1138

what does it mean if the 95% confidence interval between 2 variables includes zero, what does this mean?

Back 1138

that this is no significant difference and the nul hypothesis is NOT rejected

Front 1139

pt has spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia. Organism and transmission?

Back 1139

org: leishmania donovani

sandfly

Front 1140

4 things seen in atypical depression

Back 1140

hyperphagia
hypersomnia
mood reactivity
psychomotor retardation

Front 1141

what form is plamodium in when it causes rupture of the hepatocytes?

Back 1141

Merozoites

(sporozoites are in blood, trophozoites are in RBCs)

Front 1142

MOA of pertussis toxin?

Back 1142

increases cAMP by inhibiting Galpha i

Front 1143

what is the mech responsible for malaria induced fever

Back 1143

rupture of merozoite

Front 1144

mech of actoin of MAOi?

SNRI?

Back 1144

MAOi: increase NE, 5HT, DA

SNRI: NE and 5HT reuptake inhibition

Front 1145

what is the name of the following stage in malaria life cycle:

looks like diamond ring:
Ruptures the cell host:
replicating intracellularly:
form injected by mosquito:
banana shaped:

Back 1145

looks like diamond ring: trophozoite

Ruptures the cell host: merozoite

replicating intracellularly: schizont

form injected by mosquito: sporozoite

banana shaped: falicpurum gamete

Front 1146

what is ABCD of medicare

Back 1146

A=inpatient (hospital, nursing, hospice, home health)
B= outpatient care, doc services
C=combination of A&B
D=drug coverage

Front 1147

red urine in the morning fragile RBCs

Back 1147

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Front 1148

camper with diarrhea and liver damage and jaundice. Cause?

Back 1148

Entamoeba histolytica

Front 1149

prophylacti tx for m. TB?

Back 1149

Isoniazid

Front 1150

what happens if you ingest tyramine while on MAOi

Back 1150

hypertensive crisis

Front 1151

gram positive clusters=

chains=

Back 1151

cluster=STAPH

chain=strep

Front 1152

what bug that is due to contaminated food can be diagnosed with a scotch tape test? tx?

Back 1152

enterobius vermiicularis

bendazoles

Front 1153

side effect of ethambutol

Back 1153

Red-green color blindness

optic neuropathy/decreased visual acuity

Front 1154

Describe the phases of clinical Trials

Back 1154

I: Is it safe? (healthy pts)
II: Does it work? (pts with the dz)
III: Does it work better
IV: post market survallence

Front 1155

Renal cell ca, hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, phochromocytoma

Back 1155

von hippel lindau disease

Front 1156

pt is pooping out eggs and has pneumonia

Back 1156

ascaris lumbricoides

Front 1157

MOA of isoniazid?

tox?

prevent this how?

Back 1157

decrease synth of my colic acids in TB

neurotic, hepatotox lupus.

prevent with pyridoxine (vitamin b6)

Front 1158

how long must a pt have sx for PTSD

Back 1158

1 month

if less: acute distress disorder

Front 1159

renal effect of DA?

Back 1159

increase renal profusion in shock

Front 1160

due to undercooked pork, leads to larvae cysts in the muscles

Back 1160

trichinella spiralis

Front 1161

MOA of rifampin?

tox?

Back 1161

RNA polymerase inhibitor

red orange body fluids, revs up P450

Front 1162

what is the Tarasoff decision?

Back 1162

law requiring physician to directly inform and protect potential victims from harm, may breach confidentiality

Front 1163

Restrictive cardiomyophaty (juvenile form: cardio megaly) exercise intolerance

deficiency in what?

Back 1163

pompe's dz

lysoomal alpha 1,4 glucosidase deficiency

1 heart 4 chambers

Front 1164

larvae in soil penetrate the skin, intestinal infection leading to vomiting diarrhea and anemia

Back 1164

strongyloides stercoralis

Front 1165

drug of choice for meningococal or h influenza B infection prophylaxis?

Back 1165

Rifampin

Front 1166

how long does GAD last? tx? MOA

what if it is less than this time?

Back 1166

6 months

busprone

less than 6 mo= adjustment disorder (follows identifiable psychosocial stressor)

5HT1A receptor agonist

Front 1167

Protein A is a virulence factor that binds Fc-IgG inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis...what bugs have it?

Back 1167

staph A

Front 1168

larvae penetrate the skin of the feet; intestinal infection can cause anemia (sucks blood from intestinal walls)

Back 1168

ancylostoma duodenale

Necator americanus

Front 1169

MOA of pyrazinamide?

Back 1169

effective in acidic pH of phagolysosomes, where TB engulfed by macrophages is found

Front 1170

what toxin includes edema factor, a bacterial aenylate cyclase (increasing cAMP)

Back 1170

bacillus anthraces

Front 1171

retinal hemorrhages with pale centers

Back 1171

Roth's spots (bacterial endocarditis)

Front 1172

leads to elephantiasis

Back 1172

Wuchereria bancrofti

from female mosquito bite

Front 1173

MOA of ethambutol

Back 1173

decrease carbohydrate polymerization of mycobacterium cell wall by blocking arabinosyltransferase

Front 1174

sudden loss of sensory or motor function often following an acute stressor. pt is indifferent about sx

Back 1174

Conversion disorder

(form of somatoform disorder)

Front 1175

Dobutamine is used for what type of shock

Back 1175

cardiogenic

hits B1 receptors (and some B2)

Front 1176

undercooked pork leading to intestinal tapeworms. Can eventually lead to swiss cheese appearance lesions in the brain

Back 1176

taneia solium

tx praziquantel or bendazoles

Front 1177

prophylaxis for mycobacterium avium intracellulare?

when do you give it

Back 1177

Azithromycin

AIDS CD<100

Front 1178

family member ask for information about the patient;s prognosis...what do you do?

Back 1178

avoid discussing issues with relatives without the permission of the pt

Front 1179

short stature, increase incidence of tumors/leukemia aplastic anemia

Back 1179

Fancoin's anemia (genetically inherited, often progress to AML)

Front 1180

causes cysts in the liver, associated with sheep dogs

Back 1180

echinococcus granulosus

Front 1181

tx for VRE? 2

Back 1181

linezolid and streptogramins

Front 1182

what are the cluster A personality disorders? 3

Back 1182

Paranoid
schizoid
Schizotypal

Front 1183

M protein helps prevent phagocytosis of what bug?

Back 1183

group A strep

Front 1184

Schistosoma haematobium can lead to what

Back 1184

SCC of the bladder

Front 1185

drugs that can cause lupus

Back 1185

SHIPP

Sulfonamides
hydrazaline
Isonizid
procainamide
phenytoin

Front 1186

What kind of drugs are:

Doepezil
Galantamine
Rivastigmine

use?

Back 1186

AChEi

Alzheimer

Front 1187

situs inverses, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis

Back 1187

Kartagener's syndrome (dyne in defect affecting cilia)

kinetics sucks

kindergarden cop hits you so hard your organs are backwards

Front 1188

inflammatoin of the gall bladder with pigmented gallstones due to what fluke?

Back 1188

clonorchis sinensis

Front 1189

clinical usese for the macrocodes

Back 1189

atypical pneumonias
URIs
STDs

Front 1190

what are the cluster B personality disorders

Back 1190

antispocial
Narcissistic
Histrionic
Borderline

Front 1191

What are the selective B2 agonists?

Back 1191

MAST:

Metaproterenol, albuterol, salmeterol, terbutaline

Front 1192

undercooked crab meat leading to inflammation and 2ndary bacterial infection of the lung

Back 1192

paragonimus westermani

Front 1193

what family do clarithromycin and clindamycin belong to respectively?

Back 1193

clarithromycin: macrolide

clindamycin: own class

Front 1194

child wishes to know more about his illness....what do you do

Back 1194

ask the parents what to do

Front 1195

slow progressive muscle weakness in boys

Back 1195

Becker's muscular dystrophy (x-linked, defective dystrophin, less severe than Duchenne's)

Front 1196

what is a hookworm?

round?

Back 1196

hook: necator americanus

round: ascaris lumbricoides

Front 1197

increases the nephrotox of amnioglycosides

Back 1197

Cephalosporins

Front 1198

what are the cluster C personality

Back 1198

Avoidant
Obsessive compulsive
dependent

Front 1199

what is strep mutans?

Back 1199

most prominent organism in dental plaque

form of Viridans strep

can lead to subacute endocardiitis in those with turbulent flow heart prolems

Front 1200

tx for chagas dz?

leishmaniasis

resistant malaria

Back 1200

chagas: nifurtinox

Leish: sodium gluconate

resistant malaria: mefloquin

Front 1201

small irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue whit centers

Back 1201

koplik spots (measles)

Cough, coryza, crazy

Front 1202

what are the obligate intracellular bug?

Back 1202

Rickettsia and Chlamydia

can't make own ATP

stay inside (cells) when its Really Cold

Front 1203

woman with premature uterine contraction can be given what?

Back 1203

Terbutaline

selective B2 agonist

Front 1204

tx for pediculosis capits or pubis

Back 1204

permethrin cream

Front 1205

smooth flat moist white lesions on genitals

Back 1205

condylomata lat a (2ndary syphilis)

Front 1206

unexplained complaints in multiple organ systems is what?

false belief of being prgoo?

Back 1206

somatization disorder

pseudocyesis

Front 1207

what bugs are anaerobes

Back 1207

Clostridium
bacterioides
Actinomyces

can't use amino glycosides to treat this

Front 1208

2 antifungals that inhibit ergosterol synth

Back 1208

azoles and terbinafine

Front 1209

what is the definition of low birth weight

Back 1209

<2500g

Front 1210

depressed vs elderly:

amount of REM sleep:
REM latency

Back 1210

amount of REM sleep:
in elderly-Less
Depressed-More

REM latency:
elderly-longer to get to REM
depressed-shorter

Front 1211

BP drug to use in pregnancy

Back 1211

Alpha methadopa and hydralazine

Front 1212

what fungi:
mold form contains barrel shaped arthroconidia

Back 1212

coccidiodes

Front 1213

at what age can kids stop using a booster seat

Back 1213

8-12 years (4'9")

Front 1214

40 year old woman tells you during one of her office visits that she is in love with you. you refer her to someone else, and she attempts suicide. What type of personality disorder does this pt have?

Back 1214

Borderline

Front 1215

DOCs for anaerobes?

Back 1215

Metronidazole

Clindamycin

Front 1216

most all flukes and tapeworms are tx with what

Back 1216

praziquantal

Front 1217

what EEG waveforms correspond to the different stages of sleep

Back 1217

1: theta
2: spindles and K complex
3/4: low freq high amplitude (Delta)
REM: beta

Front 1218

oxybutynin
tolterodine
darifenacin and solifenacin
trospium

MOA? Use?

Back 1218

M blockers

stress incontinence

Front 1219

what drug can you give to a pt with asthma and heart failure

Back 1219

levalbuterol

only hits B2 receptor (no effect on B1 so safe in CHF)

Front 1220

what organism is transmitted by the following:

ixodes tick (not lyme):
tsetse fly:

Back 1220

ixodes tick (not lyme): babesia

tsetse fly: trypanosoma brucci (african sleeping sickness)

Front 1221

what controls extra ocular movements during REM?

Back 1221

PPRF

Front 1222

pt has tactile hallucinations, seiuzres, autonomic instability... what is going on? tx?

Back 1222

alcohol withdrawal

tx: benzos or alcohol

Front 1223

how often should you get a tetnus booster

Back 1223

every 10 years

Front 1224

What are the 5 stages of Kubler-ross grief

Back 1224

Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Grieving
Acceptance

Front 1225

what is the pathway by which retinal info induces the release of melatonin

Back 1225

darkness increases melatonin release

NE released from suprachiasmatic nucleus

stimulates pineal gland to release melatonin

Front 1226

what is suboxone?

Back 1226

naloxone + buprenorphine (partial agnoist) used for heroin addiction

Front 1227

what 2 b-blockers decrease mortality post MI?

Back 1227

Metoprolol and labetalol

Front 1228

what do we stain Legionella with?

Back 1228

Silver stain

it is a facultative intracellular bug

note this is also used for Fungi (such as pneumocystis)

Front 1229

what is clavulanic acid?

Back 1229

given with amoxicillin to prevent breakdown by penicillinase activity

Front 1230

stomach cramps, hunger and hyper somnolence can be seen with what

Back 1230

amphetamine withdrawal

Front 1231

what causes gas gangrene

Back 1231

clostridium perfringens

Front 1232

what antihypertensive is well known for causing limp dick

Back 1232

b-blocker

Front 1233

major clinical use for Aztreonam

Back 1233

G- rods

good for pts with renal insufficiency and cannot tolerate amino glycosides

Front 1234

pt comes to ER with belligerence fever, psychomotor agitation, horizontal nystagmus..

Back 1234

PCP intox

can also have homicidality.

Front 1235

why don't you give B-blockers to a pt on cocaine

Back 1235

cocaine works on ALL adrenergic receptors

if you block B receptors this will further raise BP (unopposed alpha 1 activity)

Front 1236

in what pt population is atropine contraindicated? 6

Back 1236

Glaucoma
BPH (or any urinary retention)
ileus
Dementia (elderly/delirious)
infant with fever--causes hyperthermia

Front 1237

what is first line tx for c diff

Back 1237

metronidazole

Front 1238

what ilicit drug can lead to flashbacks?

Back 1238

LSD

Front 1239

tx for c. diff

Back 1239

metronidizole or oral vancomycin

Front 1240

what is the key to initiating sleep?

what reduces REM sleep?

Back 1240

key= serotonergic predominance of raphe nucleus

reduces: NE reduces REM sleep

Front 1241

resistance to vancomycin?

Back 1241

D ala to D lac

Front 1242

pt presents with tachycardia, tremors, anxiety and seizure. He later has hallucinations and confusion. what does he have? tx?

Back 1242

delirium tremens associated with alcohol

benzos

Front 1243

anti hypertensive DOC for aortic dissection

Back 1243

B-blocker

Front 1244

What is a Ziehl-Neelsen stain?

India ink stain use?

Back 1244

Ziehl-Neelsen=acid fast (for mycobacteria)

India ink: cryptococcus neoformans

Front 1245

next step in tx of otitis media if resistant to amoxicillin

Back 1245

cefdnir (3rd gen ceph)

Front 1246

what drug is causing the following sx:

anxiety, piloerection, yawning, fever, rhinorrhea, nausea, diarrhea

Back 1246

opiod withdrawal

Front 1247

what type of food should pregnant woman avoid? Why

Back 1247

unpasteurized milk
deli meat

due to listeria

Front 1248

what is responsible for extra ocular movements during REM due to?

Back 1248

PPRF (paramedic pntinue reticular formation/conjugate gaze center)

Front 1249

broad spectrum coverage for appendicitis

Back 1249

Imipenem

Front 1250

severe depression, headache, fatigue, insomnia/hypersomnia, hunger...due to what drug?

Back 1250

amphetamine withdrawal

Front 1251

what is the cup to disc ratio in glaucoma

Back 1251

greater than 1:2

Front 1252

What is hexamethonium?

Back 1252

Nicotinic antagonist

blocks both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity

used for experiments

Front 1253

prophylaxis against bacterial endocarditis

Back 1253

1st gen cephs

Front 1254

belligerence impulsiveness, nystagmus, homicidal ideations psychosis...due to what drug

Back 1254

PCP OD

Front 1255

what IL or IFN is responsible for the following:

Inhibits T-cells and macrophages
T cell stimulator:
stimulates B cells
stimulates macrophages:

Back 1255

Inhibits T-cells and macrophages: IL-10
T cell stimulator: IL-2
stimulates B cells: IL4/5
stimulates macrophages: IFN gamma

Front 1256

how is imipramine used to treat enuresis?

Back 1256

TCA that decreases stage 4 sleep

Front 1257

prophylaxis for meningococci meningitis

Back 1257

Rifampin

Front 1258

streak ovaries, congenital heart dz, horseshoe kidney

Back 1258

turner syndrome

Front 1259

60 y.o man with difficulty driving at night because he sees halos around the oncoming headlights. what does he have

Back 1259

Catarax

Front 1260

what grows on chocolate agar?

Lowenstein-Jensen?

MacConkey's agar?

Sabouraud's agar?

Back 1260

chocolate: H. influenzae

Lowenstein-Jensen: m. TB
note: pt with TB MUST be kept in airborne isolation

MacCokneys: Lactose-fermenting enterics (note: ecoli grows on this, but can also grow on eosin-methylene blue agar)

Sabouraud: Fungi

Front 1261

what do you grow haemophilus on? what does it require?

what do you grow legionella on?

Back 1261

chocolate agar

factors V and X

Legionella: Charcol yeast (CYE)

Front 1262

sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi

Back 1262

Gout (podagra)

hyperuricemia

Front 1263

how do NK cells and Cytotoxic T cells recognize virus infected cells respectively?

Back 1263

NK: lack of MHC I

Cytotoxic T: MHC I on virus infected

Front 1264

what effect do alcohol, benzos, and barbs do to sleep?

Back 1264

reduce REM and delta sleep

Front 1265

cause of diabetic osteomyeltis

Back 1265

psedomonas

Front 1266

swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin

Back 1266

Scurvy (vitamin C)

Front 1267

What prostaglandin is used in glaucoma? Side effecs

Back 1267

Latanoprost (PGF 2 alpha)

lengthens eye lashes, darkens pigment of the eye

Front 1268

what type of receptors are the N and M ACh receptors?

Back 1268

N: ligand gated (Na/K)

M: G-protein

Front 1269

this bug produces no toxin but adheres to apical surface, flattens the villi, and prevents absorption causing diarrhea in kids

Back 1269

EPEC

Front 1270

swollen hard painful finger joints

Back 1270

Osteoarthritits

Front 1271

what induces a helper T cell to TH1 and TH2 respectively

Back 1271

TH1: IL 12

TH2: IL 4

Front 1272

whay can be used to tx night terrors and sleep walking? why

Back 1272

Benzos

affect stage 3/4 sleep

Front 1273

what is the triad seen in Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)? cause?

Back 1273

Anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure

cause: O157

Front 1274

systolic ejection murmur

Back 1274

aortic valve stenosis

Front 1275

side effect of a1 blockers?

Back 1275

first dose orthostatic hypotension

so give first dose laying down at night

Front 1276

in what bacterial growth phase does spore formation occur?

Back 1276

Stationary phase

Front 1277

2 treatments for Ecoli that causes diarrhea?

Back 1277

FQs and TMP SMX

Front 1278

thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma

Back 1278

MEN 2A

(medullary thyroid carcinoma)

Front 1279

co stimulatory signal that is given by interaction of B7 and CD28 will help activate what

Back 1279

helper T cells (CD4)

Front 1280

when can you diagnose nocturnal enuresis?

Back 1280

5 years (chronological and developmental

Front 1281

most common cause of G- sepsis?

Back 1281

e. coli

Front 1282

toe extension, fanning upon plantar scrape

Back 1282

babinski's sign

Front 1283

what kind of drug is mirtazapine? use? tox?

Back 1283

a2 blocker

Depression

tox: sedation, increased serum cholesterol, increased appetite

Front 1284

enzyme responsible for conversion of tyrosine to L dopa?

Back 1284

Tyrosine hydroxylase

(inhibited my metryrosine)

Front 1285

if a pt has salmonella what might you not want to do

Back 1285

use an abx...can prolong the dz

Front 1286

unilateral facial drooping involving forehead

Back 1286

Bell's palsy

Front 1287

What CD on a B cell is a receptor for EBV?

Back 1287

CD21

Front 1288

during what sleep stage would a man have variable BP, penile turnescence and variable EEG?

Back 1288

REM

Front 1289

usually transmitted from puppies, contaminated milk, or pork. Causes mesenteric adenines that can mimic Crohn's or appendicitis

Back 1289

yersinia enterocolitica

Front 1290

vasculitis from exposure to endotoxin causing glomerular thrombosis

Back 1290

Shwartzman reaction

Front 1291

surgical neck fracture of the humerous can lead to what n damage?

Back 1291

axillary

look for loss of sensation or movement on deltoid

this can happen with dislocation too

Front 1292

gram positive clusters=

chains=

Back 1292

cluster=STAPH

chain=strep

Front 1293

unpasteurized dairy giving you undulant fever...bug?

Back 1293

Brucella

Front 1294

what can be assoc with bilateral bell's palsy

Back 1294

Guillan berre

lyme dz

Front 1295

unpasteurized dairy giving you undulant fever...bug?

Back 1295

Brucella

Front 1296

man comes in with sensation of unpleasant paresthesias that compels the man to have voluntary spontaneous continous lower limb movements. What does he have? Possible cause? Tx?

Back 1296

Restless Leg Syndrome

usually idiopathic, can be due to iron def

tx: pramipexole or ropinrole or levodopa (parkinsons drugs)

Front 1297

CD 14 is a major marker for what kind of cell

Back 1297

Macrophage

Front 1298

vasculitis from exposure to endotoxin causing glomerular thrombosis

Back 1298

Shwartzman rxn (following second expousre to endotoxin)

Front 1299

cellulitis or osteomyelitis from a cat bight

Back 1299

pasturella multocida

Front 1300

a1, M1, M3 all activate what G protein? what downstream messenger is activated

Back 1300

Gq

Phospholipase C

(Cutesy-Q C)

Front 1301

cellulitis or osteomyelitis from a cat bight

Back 1301

pasturella multocida

Front 1302

waxy casts with very low urine flow

Back 1302

chronic end-stage renal dz

Front 1303

mid shaft fracture of the humerus leads to damage of what n?

Back 1303

radial

Front 1304

what is an Apgar score

Back 1304

appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration

Front 1305

life threatening meningitis + purpura

Back 1305

neisseria meningitis

Front 1306

WBC casts in urine

Back 1306

acute pyelonephritis

Front 1307

life threatening meningitis + purpura

Back 1307

neisseria meningitis

Front 1308

Protein A is a virulence factor that binds Fc-IgG inhibiting complement fixation and phagocytosis...what bugs have it?

Back 1308

staph A

Front 1309

CD55 and 59 are on what? role?

Back 1309

WBC, RBC, and platelet

prevents degradation by complement

Front 1310

weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy

Back 1310

Whipple's dz (tropheryma whippelii)

Front 1311

corneal infections in contact lens wearer due to?

Back 1311

psuedomonas

Front 1312

polyuria, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances

Back 1312

Fanconii Syndrome

proximal tubular reabsorption defect

Front 1313

corneal infections in contact lens wearer due to?

Back 1313

psuedomonas

Front 1314

Worst headache of my life

Back 1314

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Front 1315

hypertrophy of the anterior scalene can lead to what problem? what is it?

Back 1315

Klumpke palsy (thoracic outlet)

1. atrophy of the thnar and hypothenar eminence
2. atrophy of the interosseous muscles
3. sensory deficits on the medial side of the forearm
4. disappearance of the radial pulse upon moving head toward ipsilateral side

TOTAL CLAW HAND

Front 1316

B1, B2, D1 all activate what G protein? what is the downstream messenger?

Back 1316

Gs

Adenylyl Cyclase

Front 1317

enzymes that obligate anaerobes lack?

Back 1317

catalase

superoxidase dismutase

Front 1318

What is Pott's dz?

Back 1318

TB in vertebral bodys

Front 1319

enzymes that obligate anaerobes lack?

Back 1319

catalyze

superoxidase dismutase

Front 1320

pupil accommodates but doesn't react

Back 1320

Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)

Front 1321

3 things for neutrophil chemotaxis

Back 1321

IL 8
C5a
Leukotriene B4

Front 1322

2 uses for dapsone

Back 1322

leprosy and PCP pneumonia

Front 1323

what 3 drugs have photosensitivity?

Back 1323

SAT for a photo

Sulfonamides, amiodarone, tetracyclines

Front 1324

M protein helps prevent phagocytosis of what bug?

Back 1324

group A strep

Front 1325

supercondylar fracture of the humerous can damage what nerve

Back 1325

median

Front 1326

bacteria associated with water contaminated by animal urine

Back 1326

Leptospira interrogans

remember this was the question about the swimmers

Front 1327

what do you use to treat atypical pnuemonias such as mycoplasma, chlamydia, and legionella?

Back 1327

macrolides

Front 1328

Rash on palms and soles (2 potential)

Back 1328

2ndary syphillis

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Front 1329

clinical uses for alpha interferon? 5

Back 1329

hep B/C

Kaposi sarcoma

leukemia

malignant melanoma

Front 1330

strawberry tongue + peeling of palms and soles

Back 1330

Kawasaki dz

Front 1331

what drug is safe in pregnant ladies with upper respiratory infections

Back 1331

macrolides

Front 1332

M2, a2, D2 all activate what G protein? what is the downstream messenger?

Back 1332

Gi

inhibit adenylyl cyclase

Front 1333

fracture of medial epicondyle leads to what n damage

Back 1333

ulnar

Front 1334

what does coxiella burnettii cause? what family is it from? what is the vector?

Back 1334

Q fever: fever +pneumonia

Rickettsia

NO VECTOR, NO RASH

It is Queer

Front 1335

what can you use for MRSA, VRE, and staph/strep skin infections?

Back 1335

streptogramins

Quinupristin/Dalfopristin

Front 1336

Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE

Back 1336

Job's syndrome (hyper-IgE syndrome, neutrophils chemotaxis abnormality

Front 1337

clinical use for B inteferon?

Back 1337

Multiple sclerosis

Front 1338

what bacteria is the only one with a membrane containing cholesterol

Back 1338

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

remember cold agglutinings (IgM)

Front 1339

what is a good tx for anaerobic infections? what kind of bug would this tx?

Back 1339

Clindamycin

bactericides, clostridium

Front 1340

what is strep mutans?

Back 1340

most prominent organism in dental plaque

form of Viridans strep

can lead to subacute endocardiitis in those with turbulent flow heart prolems

Front 1341

fracture of the hook of hamate leads to what n damage

Back 1341

ulnar

Front 1342

this causes pulmonary TB like sx in COPD pts

Back 1342

mycoplasma kansaii

Front 1343

which causes of vaginal discharge/vaginitis will pH be high?

low?

Back 1343

high: Gardenella, Trich

Low: physiologic, candida

Front 1344

red itchy swollen rash of nipple/areola

Back 1344

paget's dz of the breast represent underlying neoplasm

Front 1345

pt has a mild UTI in pregnancy... tx

Back 1345

nitrofurytoin (sp)

Front 1346

what is the tx for the following:

mycoplasma pneumonia
Late lyme dz:

Back 1346

mycoplasma pneumonia: tetracyline/erythromycin
Late lyme dz: ceftriaxone

Front 1347

HIV meds that cause the following

Pancreatitis:

Rash:

Peripheral Neuropathy:

Lactic Acidosis:

Back 1347

Pancreatitis: Didanosine

Rash: NNRTI

Peripheral Neuropathy: Didanosine

Lactic Acidosis: NRTI

Front 1348

DOC for septic shock?

Back 1348

NE

Front 1349

clinical use for gamma interferon

Back 1349

chronic granulomatous disease

Front 1350

Rickettsial triad?

Back 1350

Headache
fever
rash

Front 1351

what is the difference btw conversion and somatozation disorder

Back 1351

conversion: motor/sensory sx

somatization: multiple organ sx (moves all over the place)

Front 1352

pt has a UTI and later has hemolysis of their RBCs what drug were they on and why did this happen

Back 1352

Sulfonamide

G6PD deficient

Front 1353

2 neoplasms assoc with Down syndrome

Back 1353

ALL
AML

Front 1354

What is a tensilon test?

Back 1354

Edrophonium test for MG

Front 1355

ash leaf spots=

majore neoplasm assoc

Back 1355

Tuberous sclerosis

cardiac rhabdomyoma

Front 1356

what drugs should be avoided in pts with an allergy to sulfa (9)

Back 1356

celecoxib
furosemide
probenecid
thiazides
TMP SMX
sulfasalazine
sulfonylureas
acetazolamide
sulfonamides

Front 1357

pt with atrophic glossitis, esophageal webs, anemia...what neoplasm are they at risk from

Back 1357

SCC of esophagus

this was Plummer-Vinson

Front 1358

what structure on an antibody defines the idiotype?

Back 1358

Fab fragment- what it can bind

(2 ight chain and 2 heavy chain regions)

Front 1359

Acanthosis nigricans can lead to what

Back 1359

visceral malignancy (stomach, lung, breast, uterus)

Front 1360

what drugs can cause SJS? 8

Back 1360

Ethosuximide
lamotrigine
carbamazepine
phenobarbital
phenytoin
sulfa drugs
penicillin
allopurinol

Front 1361

what is the neoplasm assoc with the following conditions-

Achalasia:
Srojens:
Ataxia telangectasia

Back 1361

Achalasia: SCC of esophagus

Srojens: B-cell lymphoma (mantle)

Ataxia telangectasia:Lymphoma/acute leukemia

Front 1362

First Gen H1 blockers, typical antipsychotics, tricyclics, and amantidine have what in common?

Back 1362

All have anticholinergic side effects

Front 1363

Homer-Wright pseudorosettes=

Back 1363

Adrenal Neuroblastoma

Front 1364

MOA of floroquinolones?

what happens if used in pregnancy

what does it do to adults?

what dz can you use it in for kids?

Back 1364

inhibit DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II)

bactericidal

damages cartilage in bones of kids...don't give to preggos

remember tendon rupture in adults

note: cipro can be used in kids for CF

Front 1365

describe the heritable form of retinoblastoma

Back 1365

first mutation from parent

other is sporadic

Front 1366

what does the FC region of the Ab do

Back 1366

determines the isotype (IgG/M etc)

binds complement

Front 1367

APC gene can lead to what?

Back 1367

Colorectal cancer (assoc with FAP)

Front 1368

metronidizole, clindamycin, imipenam can all tx what

Back 1368

anaerobic infections

Front 1369

what gene is deleted in pancreatic cancer?

Colon?

Back 1369

DPC-Deleted in Pancreatic Cancer

DCC-Deleted in Colon Cancer

Front 1370

what kind of drug is tolterodine? use?

Back 1370

M blocker

Urge incontinence

Front 1371

Major tumor marker for colorectal and pancreatic cancer

Back 1371

CEA for both

also Ca19-9 for pancreatic

Front 1372

what penicillin drug would you use to treat a neonatal infection

Back 1372

ampicillin

Front 1373

alpha fetoprotein is a tumor marker for what 2 cancers

Back 1373

Hepatocellular carcinoma (hep B/C pts)

nonseminomatous germ cell tumor of the testis (yok sac)

Front 1374

half life of IgG?

Back 1374

21 days

CROSSES THE PLACENTA--gives baby passive immunity

Front 1375

CA 125 is a tumor marker for what?

Back 1375

Ovarian malignant epithelial tumor

Front 1376

what cell wall inhibitor matches the following statement:

use to tx otitis media if resistant to amoxicillin:

prophylaxis against bacterial endocarditis:

increases the nephrotox of aminoglycosides:

broad spectrum coverage for appendicitis:

Back 1376

use to tx otitis media if resistant to amoxicillin: cefdnir (3rd gen)

prophylaxis against bacterial endocarditis: 1st gen cephs

increases the nephrotox of aminoglycosides: cephalosporins

broad spectrum coverage for appendicitis: imipenem

Front 1377

tumor marker seen in obstructive biliary dz and Paget's dz?

Back 1377

Alkaline phosphatse

Front 1378

what kind of drug is trospium? use?

Back 1378

M blocker

urge incontinence

Front 1379

TRAP is a tumor marker for what

Back 1379

Hairy Cell

Front 1380

what G - bug matches the following:

life threatening meningitis + purpura=

Back 1380

neisseria meningitis

Front 1381

Ca-19-9 is the tumor marker for what

Back 1381

pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Front 1382

What is the initial Antibody? delayed?

Back 1382

initial: M

Delayed

Front 1383

oral hairy leukoplakia is due to what?

Back 1383

EBV

Front 1384

how old is a child who can do the following:

pass a cube

Back 1384

6m

Front 1385

strep bovis causes what ca?

clonarchis sinesis?

Back 1385

strep bovis causes what ca: colon

clonarchis sinesis: biliary

Front 1386

what kind of drug is darifenacin?

Back 1386

M blocker

Front 1387

1. What does the following paraneoplasm release:
a. Small cell lung carcinoma:
b. Small cell lung carcinoma nad intracranial neoplasms:
c. Squamous cell lung carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and breast carcinoma:
d. Renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastoma:
e. Thymoma, small cell lung carcinoma:
f. Leukmia/lymphoma:

Back 1387

1. What does the following paraneoplasm release:
a. Small cell lung carcinoma: ACTH=Cushing
b. Small cell lung carcinoma nad intracranial neoplasms: ADH=SIADH
c. Squamous cell lung carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and breast carcinoma: PTH-related peptide=Hypercalcimeia
d. Renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastoma: EPO
e. Thymoma, small cell lung carcinoma: Abs against Ca channels at NMJ= Lambert Eaton
f. Leukmia/lymphoma: hyperuricemia=Gout

Front 1388

how old is a child who can do the following:

put a cube in a cup

Back 1388

12m

Front 1389

Psammoma bodies can be seen in what 4 things

Back 1389

Papillary adenocarcinoma
Serous adenocarcinoma (ovary)
Meningioma
Mesothelioma

Front 1390

classic pathway is stimulated by what

alternative?

Back 1390

classic: atigen antibody complexes

alternative: microbial surfaces (nonspecific activators)

Front 1391

if you have met to the bone, given the following clue, where did it come from

Lytic=
Blastic=
Both lytic and blastic=

Back 1391

Lytic= Lung
Blastic= Prostate
Both lytic and blastic= Breast

Front 1392

how old is a child who can do the following:

make a 2 cube tower

Back 1392

15m

Front 1393

what drugs are used for testicular cancer

Back 1393

Eradicated Ball Cancer

Etoposide
Bleomycin
Cisplatin

Front 1394

List the G protein class for the following:

a1:
A2:
B1:
B2:
M1:
M2:
M3
D2:

Back 1394

a1: Gq
a2: Gi
B1: Gs
B2: Gs
M1: Gq
M2: Gi
M3: Gq
D2: Gi

Front 1395

what neoplasm are assoc with the following:

Tuberous sclerosis
Ataxia telangectasia
Pagets dz

Back 1395

Tuberous sclerosis: Cardiac rhabdomyoma

Ataxia telangectasia: Leukemia lymphoma

Pagets dz: osteosarcoma

Front 1396

how old is a child who can do the following:

hands together

Back 1396

3m

Front 1397

which neoplasm is assoc with the following:

Nitrosamines:

Arsenic:

Naphthalene:

Back 1397

Nitrosamines: esophagus and stomach

Arsenic: skin/liver

Naphthalene: Bladder

Front 1398

what makes up the MAC?

Back 1398

C5b-9

Front 1399

most common cause of hypercalcemia? cancers that cause this?

Back 1399

primary hyperparathyroidism

Cancers:
SCC of the lung, renal, breast

Front 1400

how old is a child who can do the following:

make a 4 cube tower

Back 1400

18m

Front 1401

which tumor marker would help with the following:

melanoma:

Astrocytoma:

Hepatocellular ca:

Back 1401

melanoma: s-100

Astrocytoma: s-100

Hepatocellular ca: alpha fetoprotein

Front 1402

what sympathetic is given SubQ for asthma?

Back 1402

terbutaline

B2 agonist

Front 1403

what step in the cell cycle do p.53 and Rb prevent

Back 1403

movement from G1 to S

Front 1404

how old is a child who can do the following:

make a 6 cube tower

Back 1404

2y

Front 1405

what stops G2 to M in the cell cycle

Back 1405

p.53

Front 1406

what complement proteins are involved in anaphylaxis?

Back 1406

C3a

C5a

Front 1407

Use of Methotrexate (2)

MOA?

tox?

Back 1407

Uterine pathology (choriocarcinoma, ectopic preg, abortion)

immunosupression

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

tox: myelosuppresion reversible with leucovorin

Front 1408

how old is a child who can do the following:

copy a circle or dash

Back 1408

3 y

Front 1409

MOA of 5-FU

Back 1409

pyrimidine analog-->inhibits THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE

Front 1410

what will cause increase tox of 6MP? why?

Back 1410

allopurinol

6MP is broken down by xanthine oxidase, which allopurinol inhibits

Front 1411

what receptors are stimulated by the following

Clonidine:
Dopamine:
Phenylephrine:
Albuterol
Norepinephrine:
Isoproterenol:
Epinephrine:
Dobutamine:
Terbutaline

Back 1411

Clonidine: a2
Dopamine: D1=D2 >B>a
Phenylephrine: a1>a2
Albuterol: B2>B1
Norepinephrine: a1, a2> B1
Isoproterenol:B1=B2
Epinephrine: a1, a2, B1, B2
Dobutamine: B1>B2
Terbutaline: B2>B1

Front 1412

what drug uses leucovorin rescue?

thymidine?

Back 1412

leucovorin: MTX

thymidine: 5FU

Front 1413

how old is a child who can do the following:

copy a + or make a stick figure

Back 1413

4 y

Front 1414

what drug do you use for childhood tumors such as Ewings, rhabdomyosarcoma and Wilms

Back 1414

Dactinomycin (intercalates DNA)

Front 1415

deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor leads to what?

Back 1415

hereditary angioedema

Front 1416

MOA of doxorubicin?

tox?

Back 1416

generates free radicals to destroy DNA

Cardiotox

Front 1417

how old is a child who can do the following:

copies a square

Back 1417

5y

Front 1418

MOA of bleomycin

Tx:

Tox?

Back 1418

free radical damage of DNA

Tx: Testicular cancer

Tox: Pulmonary fibrosis

Front 1419

list what class of drug the following are:

-azine:
-ipramine:
-tidine:
-navir:
-phylline:
-triptyline:

Back 1419

-azine: neuroleptic
-ipramine: TCA
-tidine: H2 antag
-navir: Protease inhibitor
-phylline: Methylxanthine
-triptyline: TCA

Front 1420

MOA of Etoposide

tx?

Back 1420

inhibits topoisomerase II

tx: testicular

Front 1421

how old is a child who can do the following:

ride a tricycle or jump forward

Back 1421

3 y

Front 1422

deficiencey of C3 leads to what?

Back 1422

severe recurrent pyogenic sinus and respiratory tract infections (strep pnuemo and h. influ)

also type III HS rxn (glomerulonephritits)

Front 1423

what cancer drug causes hemorrhagic cystitis? how can you prevent this?

what does this drug have an increased risk of?

Back 1423

Cyclophosphamide

Mesna (binds up toxic metabolite)

increased risk of TCC of bladder

Front 1424

how old is a child who can do the following:

have an imaginary friend

Back 1424

4 y

Front 1425

tox of Busulfan?

Back 1425

pulmonary fibrosis

Front 1426

pronator of the arm

Back 1426

median n

Front 1427

MOA of vincristine and vinblastine?

Tox?

Back 1427

Block polymerization of microtubules

Vincristine: neurotox
Blastine: bone barrow suppression

Front 1428

how old is a child who can do the following:

same sex friends

Back 1428

6-11

Front 1429

MOA of paclitaxel?

Back 1429

hyperstabilize microtubule spindle (can't break it down)

Front 1430

deficiency of the MAC will lead to what

Back 1430

neisseria bacteremia

Front 1431

Tox of cisplatin?

use?

Back 1431

Nephrotox, acoustic nerve damage

testicular, bladder, ovary cancer

Front 1432

when is potty training done

Back 1432

btw 2-3 years

Front 1433

MOA of prednisone in Cancer?

Tox?

Back 1433

Trigger apoptosis

Cushing, immunosuppression, cataracts, acne, osteoporosis, HTN, peptic ulcers, hyperglycemia, psychosis

Front 1434

Tamoxifen vs raloxifine..

what do they treat?

which is better

Back 1434

osteoperosis (SERM)

raloxifine: no risk of endometrial carcinoma (which tamoxifen does)

Front 1435

Nerve for wiping your ass:

Nerve(s) to raise arm above horizontal:

What nerve runs with the following blood:
Posterior circumflex:
deep brachial:
brachial:

Back 1435

Nerve for wiping your ass: Thoracodorsal

Nerve(s) to raise arm above horizontal: spinal accessory and LTN

What nerve runs with the following blood:
Posterior circumflex: axillary
deep brachial: radial
brachial: median

Front 1436

MOA of trastuzumab

tox?

Back 1436

MAB against HER-2

kills breast cancer cells that express HER2

cardiotox

Front 1437

describe the following Tanner stage:

male tanner 2

Back 1437

enlargement of scrotum and testes

Front 1438

deficiency of DAF leads to what

Back 1438

paroxsymal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

DAF=decay accelerating factor

DAF is made of CD 55 and 59

Front 1439

give the cancer drug that fits the following

Alkylates DNA, tox pulmonary fibrosis:

DNA alkylating agents for brain cancer:

Inhibits thymidlayte synthase:

MOA similar to antivirals acyclovir and foscarnet:

Inhibitor of PRPP synthetase:

Back 1439

Alkylates DNA, tox pulmonary fibrosis: Busulfan

DNA alkylating agents for brain cancer: -stines

Inhibits thymidlayte synthase: 5FU

MOA similar to antivirals acyclovir and foscarnet: Cytarabine

Inhibitor of PRPP synthetase: 6MP

Front 1440

describe the following Tanner stage

male 3

Back 1440

enlargement of penis (length first)

Front 1441

what nerve is likely to get injured with the following injuries:

shaft of humerus:
surgical neck of humerus:
supracondyle of humerus:
medial epicondyle:
anterior shoulder dislocation:

Back 1441

shaft of humerus: Radial
surgical neck of humerus: Axillary
supracondyle of humerus: median
medial epicondyle: ulnar
anterior shoulder dislocation: axillary

Front 1442

give the cancer drug that fits the following

Treatment for choriocarcinoma:
Tx for AML:
tx CML:
applied topically for AKs and Basal cell ca:
Antibody against Philadelphia chromosome:

Back 1442

Treatment for choriocarcinoma: MTX

Tx for AML: Cytarabine

tx CML: Busulfan

applied topically for AKs and Basal cell ca:5FU

Antibody against Philadelphia chromosome: Imatinib

Front 1443

describe the following Tanner stage

stage 4 male

Back 1443

penis: growth in breadth and development of the glans

testes: enlarge

scrotum: larger and darker

Front 1444

what is a Ham's test?

shows what?

tx?

Back 1444

when RBC lyse at low pH

diagnostic of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

tx: iron, anticoagulant (warfarin), bone marrow transplant

Front 1445

Spinothalamic and DCML uses what thalamic nucleus

Back 1445

VPL

pain, temp, position and proprioception

Front 1446

describe the following Tanner stage

female 2

Back 1446

breast bud with elevation of breast and papilla

areola enlargment

Front 1447

abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly

Back 1447

Bud Chiari syndrome

lookslike CHF w/ no JVD

Front 1448

trigeminal and gustatory pathway uses what thalamic nucleus

Back 1448

VPM

face sensation and tast

Front 1449

which tanner stage is the following:

areola and papilla form a secondary mound above the level of the breast

Back 1449

female 4

Front 1450

Coombs test shows you what type of HS rxn?

Back 1450

Type II

Front 1451

CN II uses what thalamic nucleus

Back 1451

LGN

vision

Lateral light

Front 1452

at what age does female breast development occur?

growth spurt?

menarche?

Back 1452

breast: 11

growth: 12

menarche: 13

Front 1453

achilles tendon xanthoma

Back 1453

familial hypercholesterolemia

Front 1454

the superior olive and inferior colliculus of the pons uses what thalamic nucleus

Back 1454

MGN

Hearing

Medial music

Front 1455

when does male sexual development occur

Back 1455

age 12

growth spurt 14-15

Front 1456

what type of HSN rxn are:

Post strep glomerulonephritis:
Rheumatic Fever:
PAN:

Back 1456

Post strep glomerulonephritis: II
Rheumatic Fever: II
PAN: III

Front 1457

what happens to the stratum granulosum and spinosum in psoriasis

Back 1457

Granulosum: decreased

Spinosum: increase

Front 1458

what car seat consideration should you make for the following:

<1 year and <20 lbs

Back 1458

infant seat in back seat facing backwards

Front 1459

adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC

Back 1459

Waterhouse Friderichsen syndrome

Nesseria leading to sepsis

Front 1460

what helps rolling of neutrophils along the endothelium?

what allows for neutrophil tight binding?

Back 1460

what helps rolling of neutrophils along the endothelium: E-selectin

what allows for neutrophil tight binding: ICAM-1 (integrin)

Front 1461

what car seat consideration should you make for the following:

1-4 and >20lbs

Back 1461

sits in back seat with car seat, can face forward

Front 1462

antihistone Ab=

anticentromere=

Anti-Scl 70:

Antimitochondrial ab:

anti-desmoglein

antimicrosomal, antithyroglobulin:

anti Jo:

anti Ro (SSA)

Ani La (SSB):

anti-U1 RNP:

anti smooth muscle:

anti-glutamate decarboxylae:

c-ANCA:

Back 1462

antihistone Ab= drug induced lupus

anticentromere= CREST

Anti-Scl 70: diffuse scleroderma

Antimitochondrial ab: primary biliary cirrhosis

anti-desmoglein: pemphigus vulgaris

antimicrosomal, antithyroglobulin: Hashimoto

anti Jo: Polymyositis/dermatomyositis

anti Ro (SSA): sjogrnes

Ani La (SSB): sjogrens

anti-U1 RNP: mixed CT disease

anti smooth muscle: autoimmune hepatitis

anti-glutamate decarboxylae: type 1 Diabetes mellitus

c-ANCA: Wegners granulomatosis

Front 1463

what are the neutrophil chemotactic factors

Back 1463

IL 8
C5a
Leukotriene B4

Front 1464

what car seat consideration should you make for the following:

4 years and 40lbs

Back 1464

booster seat in the back

Front 1465

hyperplasia of statum spinosum, associated with hyperinsulinemia or visceral malignancy

Back 1465

acanthosis nigrans

Front 1466

back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss

Back 1466

Pott's dz (vertebral TB)

Front 1467

Herald patch followed by christmas tree distribution

Back 1467

Pityriasis rosea

Front 1468

acute phase cytokines

Back 1468

IL1
IL6,
TNF alpha

Front 1469

what skin cancer has a rolled edge with cental ulcer

Back 1469

basal cell carcinoma

Front 1470

what car seat consideration should you make for the following:

4' 9'' and 8-12

Back 1470

belted with lap shoulder belt in back seat until 13

Front 1471

what skin cancer has keratin pearls

Back 1471

SCC

Front 1472

what is the deficiency in SCIDs

Back 1472

Adenosine deaminase deficiency

will not have thymic shadow on CXR in newborn

Front 1473

Depth of tumor correlates with risk of metastasis with what tumor

Back 1473

Melanoma

Front 1474

where do you do a lumbar puncture

Back 1474

L3/L4 or L4/L5

Front 1475

what are the ABCDs of Melanoma

Back 1475

Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Color
Diameter

Front 1476

how old is the following kid:

jumps up, 6 cube tower, eats with spoon, 2-3 word sentence

Back 1476

2 years

Front 1477

T/F Acetaminophen is useful in tx of inflammation

Back 1477

FALSE

Front 1478

bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

Back 1478

sarcoidosis

Front 1479

what skin disorder are the following-

Pruitis associated with asthma:

Thickened scar :

Sand-paper, predispostion to SCC:

Histology shows palisading nuclei:

Back 1479

Pruitis associated with asthma: Eczema

Thickened scar : keloid

Sand-paper, predispostion to SCC: actinic keratosis

Histology shows palisading nuclei: Basal Cell

Front 1480

what is a Bankart Lesion? what is it seen with usually?

Back 1480

injury of the anterior (inferior) glenoid labrum due to repeated (anterior) shoulder dislocation. It is an indication for surgery and often accompanied by a Hill-Sachs lesion, damage to the posterior humeral head.

Front 1481

rectangular crystal like cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig Cells

Back 1481

Reinke Cyrstals (leydig cell tumor)

Front 1482

how old is the following kid:

regards face, responds to sound, not yet able to roll over

Back 1482

<3 months

Front 1483

renal epithelial cell casts in urine

Back 1483

Acute toxic/viral nephrosis

Front 1484

what is seen in WAS?

Back 1484

eczema
Thrombocytopenia and purpura
recurrent pyogenic infections

TRUNCAL eczema

Front 1485

Rhoboid crystals, positively birefringent

Back 1485

pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)

Front 1486

what inhibits the Ryanodine receptor

Back 1486

Dantrolene

Front 1487

sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky" appearance on histology)

Back 1487

Burkitts lymphoma

Front 1488

how old is the following kid:

stands with support, 1-3 words, stranger anxiety, drinks from a cup

Back 1488

1 year

Front 1489

Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

Back 1489

Pick bodies

Front 1490

bone pain, bone enlargment, increased hat size, fractures...

what would be elevated?

Back 1490

Paget's dz

Alk phos

Front 1491

spikes on basement membrane, dome like endothelial deposits

Back 1491

Membranous glomerulonephritis

Front 1492

genetics associated with achondroplasia?

Back 1492

AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT

FGFR3 gene

Front 1493

stippled vaginal epithelial cells

Back 1493

"clue cells" Gardnella vaginalis

Front 1494

todler with poor smooth pursuit of moving target with eyes. What do they have? increased risk of what?

Back 1494

Ataxia-telangiectasia

Ca risk: lymphoma and acute leukemias

increased radiation sensitivity

Front 1495

"tennis-racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

Back 1495

Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)

Front 1496

bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing

Back 1496

aortic regurgitation

diastolic goes down then it goes up

Front 1497

Thrombi made of white/red layers

Back 1497

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

Front 1498

if a pt is on corticosteroids for 3 months, what drug should they be given prophylactically

Back 1498

bispohosphonate

watch out for osteoporosis

Front 1499

Thumb sign on lateral xray

Back 1499

epiglottitis (h influ)

Front 1500

why is it important to diagnose IgA deficiency

Back 1500

possible anaphylaxis to blood transfusions and blood products

Front 1501

thyroid like appearance of kidney

Back 1501

chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

Front 1502

Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma), phoechromocytoma, optic gliomas

Back 1502

NF I

Front 1503

Tram track appearance on LM

Back 1503

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Front 1504

what coagulation drug can lead to osteoporosis

Back 1504

heparin

Front 1505

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

Back 1505

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

Front 1506

in CGD what are ppl susceptible to?

how do you diagnose?

Back 1506

Cat +

s aureus
kelp
aspergillus
candida

Diagnosed by: nitroblue tetrazolium dye (no yellow to lue black oxidation)

give TMP-SMX prophylactic tx

Front 1507

WBCs that look smudged

Back 1507

CLL (almost always B cell, elderly)

Front 1508

Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma), bilateral acoustic neuromas

Back 1508

NF II

chrom 22

Front 1509

Wire loop glomerular appearance on LM

Back 1509

Lupus nephropathy

Front 1510

why can't you take bisphosphonates before bed

Back 1510

cause corrosive esophagitis, so you don't want to be laying down

Front 1511

Yellow CSF

Back 1511

xanthochromia (subarachnoid hemorrhage)

Front 1512

what is the triad in Chediak-Higashi dz?

Back 1512

partial albinism
recurrent respiratory tract and skin infections
neurologic disorders

Front 1513

Keratin filled cysts

Back 1513

Seborrheic Keratosis

Front 1514

Cafe-au-lait spots,polystotic fibrous dysplasia, precoucious puberty

Back 1514

McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)

Front 1515

signet ring cells in ovary=

in RBCs=

Back 1515

ovary= Krunkenberg

RBC= Trophozoite of malaria

Front 1516

what is teriparatide?

Back 1516

drug for osteoporosis, decreases hip fracture rate by 53%

can only use for 2 years

Front 1517

pt with eczema, recurrent cold staph a abscesses, broad nose, prominent forehead, deep set eyes and doughy skin. what does he have? what would his mouth have going on

Back 1517

Job syndrome (hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome)

2 rows of teeth (retained primary teeth)

Front 1518

Cherry red spot on macula (3)

Back 1518

Tay Sachs (ganglioside)
Neimann pick (sphingomyelin)
central retinal artery occlusion

Front 1519

pt has erlenmeyer flask bones. What is serum calcium, phos, and alkaline phosphates levels like?

Back 1519

Osteopetrosis

all are normal

Front 1520

infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegeneration

Back 1520

niemann pick dz (genetic shingomyelinase deficiency)

Front 1521

Chest pain, pericarial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI

Back 1521

Dressler's syndrome

autoimmune mediated post MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 weeks post

Front 1522

cafe au lait spots, short stature, precocious puberty

Back 1522

McCune Albright

Front 1523

infant with hypoglycemia failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly

Back 1523

Cori's dz (deb ranching enzyme deficiency)

could be Von Geirke's dz

Front 1524

Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps

Back 1524

McArdle's dz (muscle phosphorylase def)

Front 1525

what causes brown tumors?

Back 1525

Osteitis fibrosa cystica

increased Ca
decreased Phos
increases ALP
increased PTH

Front 1526

large rash with bulls eye appearance

Back 1526

erythema choronicum migraines from ixodes tick bite (lyme dz: borrelia)

Front 1527

conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia

bilateral:
unilateral:

Back 1527

internuclear opthalmoplegia (damage to MLF)

bilateral: MS

unilateral: stroke

Front 1528

lucid interval after traumatic brain injury

Back 1528

epidural hematoma

Front 1529

what causes the following:

failure of bone resorption--> thickened and dense bones

also due to genetic deficiency of carbonic anhydrase II

Back 1529

osteopetrosis

Front 1530

machine heart murmur

Back 1530

PDA

Front 1531

bone is replaced by fibroblasts, collagen, and irregular bony trabeculae

Back 1531

polyostotic fibous dysplasia

Front 1532

male child recurrent infections, no mature B cells

Back 1532

Bruton's x linked agammaglobulinemia

Front 1533

please list if there is an increase, decrease or no change for the following in Osteoporosis

Serum Ca:
Phosphate:
ALP:
PTH:

Back 1533

All normal

Front 1534

cutaneous/dermal edema due to CT deposition

Back 1534

myxedema (hypothyroid or Graves)

Front 1535

mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time

Back 1535

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)

Front 1536

pt with colon polyp, lipomas, and osteoma in the skull

Back 1536

Gardner's syndrome

Front 1537

Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea

Back 1537

Pellegra (niacin, B3, def)

Front 1538

no lactation post partum, absent mensturation, cold intolerance

Back 1538

Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary infarction)

Front 1539

knee pain with soap bubble appearance on x ray

Back 1539

giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma)

Front 1540

dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy

Back 1540

Beriberi (thiamine, B1, def)

Front 1541

Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia

Back 1541

MS

Front 1542

please list if there is an increase, decrease or no change for the following in Osteopetrosis

Serum Ca:
Phosphate:
ALP:
PTH:

Back 1542

all normal

Front 1543

dog or cat bite infection

Back 1543

Pasteurella multocida

Front 1544

necrotizing vasculitis of the lungs and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

sinus+c-anca:

anti-bm:

Back 1544

sinus: wegner

anti-bm: good pastures

Front 1545

please list if there is an increase, decrease or no change for the following in Osteomalacia/rickets

Serum Ca:
Phosphate:
ALP:
PTH:

Back 1545

Serum Ca: decrease
Phosphate: decrease
ALP: normal
PTH: increase

soft bones

Front 1546

erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells

Back 1546

Sezary syndrome or mycosis fungoides

Front 1547

oscillating slow fast breathing

Back 1547

cheyne stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or increased intracranial pressure)

Front 1548

please list if there is an increase, decrease or no change for the following in osteitis fibrosa cystica

Serum Ca:
Phosphate:
ALP:
PTH:

Back 1548

Serum Ca: increase
Phosphate: decrease
ALP: increase
PTH: increase

brown tumors

Front 1549

Facial muscle spasm upon tapping:

Back 1549

Chvostek's sign

Front 1550

painful raised red lesions no palms and soles

Back 1550

osler's nodes (infective endocarditis)

Front 1551

please list if there is an increase, decrease or no change for the following in Pagets

Serum Ca:
Phosphate:
ALP:
PTH:

Back 1551

Serum Ca: normal
Phosphate: normal
ALP: increase
PTH: normal

Front 1552

fat female forty and fertile

Back 1552

gall stones

Front 1553

painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles

Back 1553

Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis)

Front 1554

What is sicca syndrome

Back 1554

basically sjogren's minus the arthritis

dry eyes, mouth, vagina, etc

Front 1555

Fever chills headache, myalgia, following abx tx for syphilis

Back 1555

Jarisch-Herxheimer rxn (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)

Front 1556

painless jaundice

Back 1556

cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct

Front 1557

this gout drug can be used acutely or for prophylaxis. MOA?

Back 1557

Colchicine

Microtubule inhibitor

Front 1558

fever, cough, conjuctivitis, coryza, diffuse

Back 1558

Measles (morbillivirus)

Front 1559

Palpable purpura, joint pain, abdominal pain (child)

Back 1559

Henoch schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)

affects Lower limb

Front 1560

What is the drug of choice for acute gout attacks?

Back 1560

NSAIDs

Indomethacin

Front 1561

green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea/iris

Back 1561

Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson's dz)

Front 1562

pancreatic, pituitary, and parathyroid tumor

Back 1562

MEN I

Front 1563

what is chondrocalcinosis?

what is it seen in?

Back 1563

Calcification of articular cartilage

diagnostic of pseudogout

Front 1564

Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands

Back 1564

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

polyps are benign but increased risk of cancer

Front 1565

multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth

Back 1565

Gardner's syndrome (subtype of FAP) APC gene

Front 1566

young sexually active person with a swollen knee

Back 1566

neisseria gonnorhea

Front 1567

hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic sx

Back 1567

gaucher's dz (glucocerebrosidase def)

crumpled tissue paper cytoplasm

Front 1568

painful blue fingers/toes hemolytic anemia

Back 1568

cold agglutinin dz (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by mycoplasma pneumonia infections mononucleosis

IgM

Front 1569

Sacroilitis=

Back 1569

anklyosing spondylitis

Front 1570

hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, catarax

Back 1570

Alports

Front 1571

what immunopatholgy matches the following statements:

antiplatelet antibodies:

newborn with chronic diarrhea, failure to thrive and chronic candida:

child with eczema, course facial features, and cold abscesses:

child with partial albinism, peripheral neuropathy and recurrent infections

Back 1571

what immunopatholgy matches the following statements:

antiplatelet antibodies: ITP

newborn with chronic diarrhea, failure to thrive and chronic candida: SCIDS

child with eczema, course facial features, and cold abscesses: Job's syndrome

child with partial albinism, peripheral neuropathy and recurrent infections: Cediak higashi

Front 1572

Dactylitits, pencil-in-cup deformity

Back 1572

psoriatic arthritis

look for joint pain + psoriasis

Front 1573

Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility

Back 1573

Kluver Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)

Front 1574

hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

Back 1574

Trousseau's sign (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

Front 1575

kidneys with flea bite or ectasia

Back 1575

SLE

wire-loop

Front 1576

hypoemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia

Back 1576

Blue bloater

chornic bronchitis

Front 1577

indurated ulcerated genital lesion

painful:
painless:

Back 1577

painful: chancre (1 syphillis, teponema pallidum)

painless: chancroid (haemophilius ducreyi)

Front 1578

black lady with restrictive heart disease associated with non caseating granulomas

Back 1578

sarcoidosis

Front 1579

pt has increased ACE, and erythema nodosum. What can you biopsy for diagnosis

Back 1579

lacrimal gland or conjunctivia

Sarcoidosis

Front 1580

pt has stiffness in shoulder and hips, no weight loss and is associated with temporal arteritis. CK levels are normal

Back 1580

Polymalgia rheumatica

Front 1581

heliotrope rash, positive ANA, anti-jo-1

what is it with no rash?

Back 1581

Dermatomyositis

no rash: polymoyositis (shoulder weakness)

Front 1582

what paraneoplastic dz is Lambert Eaton associated with

Back 1582

small cell

Front 1583

what is CREST

Back 1583

it is a scleroderma (excessive fibrosis and collagen deposition throughout the body)

Calcinosis
Raynauds
Esophageal dysmotility
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasia

Front 1584

parakeratotic scaling

Back 1584

Psoriasis

Front 1585

what has a positive Nikolsky's sign and what is it?

Back 1585

Pemphigus vulgaris

separation of the epidermis upon manual stroking of the skin

Front 1586

which affects the mouth, pemphigus vulgaris or bullus pemphigoid

Back 1586

Vulgaris

Front 1587

what is Toxic epidermal necrolysis

Back 1587

SJS that covers 30 % of the body

Front 1588

what will you see in Lichen Planus? What is it associated with

Back 1588

Pruitic, Purple, Polygonal Papules

associated with hepatitis C