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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
American Sign Language (ASL)
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A complete language, related hisorically to French. this is this manual language used by the deaf community in the United States.
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Aphasia
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loss or impairment of lang. ability because of brain damage. Aphasic syndromes vary, depending on teh site of the damage.
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Arcuate Fasciculus
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A band of subcoritcal fibers connecting Broca's area and Wernicke's area in the left hemisphere of the human brain.
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Autism
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a severe childhood disorder, probably neurological in origin, characterized by sterortypic behavior, and a broad range of social, communicative, and rules for intellectual deficiencies.
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Bound Morpheme
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a morpheme that occurs only bound to other morphemes, it cannot stand alone (ex: this s in cats)
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Broca's area
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the area of the left hemisphere in the frontal region of the brain. damage to this area results in aphasia characterized by difficulty in producing speech.
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CHAT
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codes of the human analysis of transcripts. CHAT is the part of CHILDES that contains rules for how to prepare transcripts of lang. that can be analyzed by computer programs.
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Child-directed Speech (CDS)
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the special speech register used when talking to children, including short sentences, greater repetition and questioning, and higher and more variable intonation that that of speech addressed to adults.
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CHILDES
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child language data exchange system. a major resource for lang development researchers, contains rules for transcription, computer programs for analyzing lang, and a data base of lang transcripts.
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CLAN
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acronym for the computerized child lang analysis programs that are a part of the CHILDES system.
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communicative competence
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linguistic competence plus knowledge of the social rules for languge use. the speaker has phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic knowledge and the additional knowledge necessary to use language appropriately in social situations.
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comprehension
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the understanding of language. it typically precedes production, and is governed by a different set of constraints.
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conduction aphasia
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an aphasic syndrome characterized by inability to repeat, typically resulting form damage to the arcuate fasiculus.
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decontextualized language
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lang. that makes reference to people, events, and experiences taht are not part of the immediate context.
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derivational morpheme
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a morpheme that can be used to derive a new word
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Down syndrome
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a congenital condition, usually cause by trisomy of the 21st chromosome, often characterized by short stature, typical epicanthic eyefolds, and mental retardation of varying degrees.
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dyslexia
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any one of a number of conditions that lead to a specific impairment in learning to read, typically linguistic processing problems, rather than difficulties with perception.
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free morpheme
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a morpheme that can stand alone (ex: cat)
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innate
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present at birth, part of an organisms essential nature
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internalized representation
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the mental, or inner cognitive, image or map of external reality
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lateralized
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process whereby one side of the brain becomes specialized for particular functions
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linguistic competence
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linguist's term for the inner knowledge one has of language and all of its linguistic rules and structures
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metalinguistic awareness
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knowledge about lang. and understanding of what a word is and a consciouness of the sounds of lang. the ability to think abotu lang.
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morpheme
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a minimal meaningful unit of lang.
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morphology
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the rules that govern the use of morphemes in al nag. for instance, the morphology of english require that plural ending vary according to the last sound of the word stem.
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neologisms
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a new made up word ofren no a word in the language as when a Wernicke's aphasic patient refers to an ashtray as a fremser
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overlaid function
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said of most speech functions because the organ systems on which they depend have a different primary function, thus articulation of phonemes is overlaid on the tongue an organ with a primary function involving eating.
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overregularized
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an irregular form that has been incorrectly made regular
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phoneme
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a speech sound that can signal a difference of meaning, two similar speech sounds p and b represent different phonemes in english because there are pairs of words with different meanings that have the same phonectic form, except that one contains b where the other contains p
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phonology
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study of the sound system of lang. the sounds of lan uses, as well as the rules for their combination.
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pragmatics
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the rules for the use of lang. in social context and in conversation or the study of these rules
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production
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the process of speaking
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semantic development
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the aquistion of words and their many meanins and the development of that knowledge into a complex heirarchial network of associated meanings
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semantics
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the study of the meaning system of language
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species specific
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refers to the fact that language as we know it is specific to our species, and not to others
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species uniform
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refers to the observation that the major milestones of lang. occur in the same way and at the same general time in all memebers of the species
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specific language impairment
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delayed or deviant lang. development in a child who exhibits no cognitive, neurological, or social impairments
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speech acts
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utterances used by speaers in order to accomplish things in the world
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syntax
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rules by which sentences are made, such forms as passives, declaratives, interrogatives, imperatives
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telegraphic
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speech that consists of content words without functors much like a telegram
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Wenicke's area
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speech area in the posterior region of the left hemisphere.
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