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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the omission of one or more syllables from a polysyllabic word?
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unstressed syllable deletion
Ex: "banana" = "nana" |
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What is repetition of a syllable of a target word resulting in teh creation of a multisyllabic word form?
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Reduplication
Total: "bottle" = "baba" Partial: "bottle" = "bada" |
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What is addition of the /i/ vowel to the taget word?
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diminutization
"cup" = "cuppy" |
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What is insertion of an unstressed vowel, usually the schwa between or in front of two consonants?
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epenthesis
"school" = "aschool" "blue" = "balue" |
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What is omission of a final singleton consonant in a word or deltion of a final consonant cluster?
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final consonant deletion
"task" = "ta" |
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What is omission of singleton consonants in the initial word position?
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initial consonant deletion
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What is deltion or substitution of some or all members of a cluster?
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cluster reduction or cluster simplification
total: "broom" = "oom" partial: "broom" = "room" |
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What is substitutaion of stops for fricatives and affricates?
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stopping
"farm" = "tarm" |
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What is replacement of an affricate with a stop or a fricative?
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deaffrication
"cheese" = "teeze" |
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What is replacement of velars with sounds that are made in a more anterior position?
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velar fronting
"cup" = "tup" |
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What is substitution of an alveolar fricative for a palatal fricative or an alveolar affricate for a palatal affricate?
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depalatalization
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What is it when sounds when an anterior point of constriction are replaced by posterior sounds?
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backing
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What is substitution of a glide for a prevocalic liquid?
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liquid gliding
"light" = "yight" |
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What is substitutaion of a vowel for a syllabic liquid?
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vocalization (vowelization)
"butter" = "butta" |
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What is it when non-labial consonants become labial because of the influence of another labial sound in a word?
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labial assimilation
"monkey" = "mummy" |
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What is assimilation of a non-velar sound to a velar sound?
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velar assimilation
"cot" = "cock" |
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What is it when non-nasal sounds assimilate to become a nasal?
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nasal assimilation
"not" = "non" |
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What is assimilation of a non-alveolar sound to an alveolar sound?
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alveolar assimilation
"tuck" = "tut" |
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What is it when a voiceless sound preceding a vowel becomes voiced?
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prevocalic voicing
"toad" = "doad" |
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What is it when a voiced obstruent following a vowel becomes voicless or devoiced?
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postvocalic devoicing
"buzz" = "bus" |
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What looks at how speech sounds are classified, organized, and how they're used in a given language?
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phonology
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In the gradual phonological mastery system, what are the easier sounds that develop first and the more difficult ones to develop later?
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easier: bilabials, stops
harder: liquids, glides |
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Since kids learn rule by rule rather than sound by sound, what do they use as they are learning?
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phonological processes
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Who is the phonological approach for?
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kids who are highly unintelligible with a lot of phonological processes
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Which phonological process test is more descriptive in nature and comes with a bag of toys the kids can talk about and elicits "natural" productions?
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Hodsons
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Which phonological process test is used in conjunction with the GFTA and is probably used most often?
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Khan-Lewis
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Which phonological test is more recently produced by super duper and looks at both artic and phonology, is good for young children and very colorful?
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Clinical Assessment of Articulation and Phonology
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The Kahn-Lewis measures the usage of ___ phonological processes. It can be used to derive a __________ ______. Norms are provided for the ages of __-___ and ___-___. The time required to complete it is between ___ and ___ minutes.
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10
normative score 2, 0 21, 11 10, 30 |
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What are the three types of processes analyzed in the KLPA?
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reduction processes
place and manner processes voicing processes |
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What 5 reduction processes are analyzed in the KLPA?
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deletion of final consonants
syllable reduction stopping of fricatives and affricates cluster simplification liquid simplification |
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What place and manner processes are analyzed in teh KLPA?
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velar fronting
palatal fronting deaffrication |
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What voicing processes are analyzed in the KLPA?
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initial voicing
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How many other processes can be further used to describe articulation but are not listed in the scoring system of the KLPA?
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34
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List 6 non-developmental phonological processes.
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deletion of initial consonants
glottal replacement backing to velars coalescence consonant harmony stridency deletion |
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Though Hodson says all processes occuring greater than 40% are considered for remediation, KLPA says what?
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Use your own judgement.
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What are time periods during which all phonological patterns that need remediation are worked on?
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cycles
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What more closely approximates the way in which normal phonological development occurs than does teaching phonemes one by one?
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cycles
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What are cycles used for?
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to correct phonological processes
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A pattern is what you are trying to ________ while a process is what you are trying to _________.
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teach
remove |
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What two things does cycle length depend on?
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individual child's number of deficient patterns
number of stimulable phonemes within each pattern (some are 5-6 weeks, others 15-16) |
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How is the complexity of each cycle increased? Give an example.
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Gradually
First cycle do individual phonemes Second cycle, add in cognates |
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What is a deviation that occurs across phoneme classes?
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processes
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How are processes eliminated?
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by working on speech patterns
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We work on phonemes within targeted __________ to facilitate emergence of the respective __________.
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patterns
patterns |
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Patterns are __________ during ensuing cycles until each of the targeted patterns begins to _________ in _____________ utterances.
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recycled
emerge spontaneous |
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You work through a cycle then ________ to see how the ____________ of occurrence scores are coming along. We want it to drop.
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retest
percentage |
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Each phoneme within a pattern should be targeted for approximately how long per cycle?
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60 minutes
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How long does it typically take to see imporvement in speech intelligibility scores?
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3-6 cycles (approx 30-40 hours, 60 min per week)
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Intervention target patterns are selected from what?
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phonological processes having percentage-of-occurrence scores that are greater than 40% (of course, KLPA says target if YOU consider it a problem)
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What should the phonological remediation goal statement emphasize?
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facilitating emergence of intelligible speech patterns or suppression of phon processes
(contrast to traditional therapy goals of establishing perfect phonemes) |