Com100 Lesson 8 Key Terms

Front 1

Public speaking (presentational speaking)

Back 1

A teachable, learnable process of developing, supporting, organizing, and presenting ideas orally

Front 2

Audience-centered presentation

Back 2

Considering and adapting to the audience at every stage of the presentational speaking process

Front 3

Speaker anxiety

Back 3

Also known as stage fright; anxiety about speaking in public that is manifested in physiological symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, butterflies in the stomach, shaking knees and hands, quivering voice, and increased perspiration

Front 4

Illusions of transparency

Back 4

The mistaken belief that the physical manifestations of a speaker's nervousness are apparent to an audience

Front 5

Habituation

Back 5

The process of becoming more comfortable as you speak

Front 6

Systemic desensitization

Back 6

An anxiety management strategy that includes general relaxation techniques and visualization of success

Front 7

Performance visualization

Back 7

An anxiety management strategy that involves viewing a videotape of a successful presentation and imagining oneself delivering that presentation

Front 8

Silent brainstorming

Back 8

A technique used to generate creative ideas

Front 9

General purpose

Back 9

The broad reason for giving a presentation to inform, to persuade, or to entertain an audience

Front 10

Specific purpose

Back 10

A concise statement of what listeners should be able to do by the time the speaker finishes the presentation

Front 11

Central idea or thesis

Back 11

A definitive point about a topic

Front 12

Declarative sentence

Back 12

A complete sentence that makes a statement as opposed to asking a question

Front 13

Main ideas

Back 13

Subdivisions of the central idea of a presentation, which provide detailed points of focus for developing the presentation

Front 14

Claim

Back 14

Conclusions or ideas you want your audience to accept

Front 15

Proof

Back 15

Evidence to support a claim

Front 16

Development

Back 16

Extension or explanation of evidence to support a claim

Front 17

Supporting material

Back 17

Verbal or visual material that clarifies, amplifies, and provides evidence to support the main ideas of a presentation

Front 18

Illustrations

Back 18

A story or anecdote that provides an example of an idea, issue, or problem the speaker is discussing

Front 19

Hypothetical illustration

Back 19

An example or story that has not actually occurred

Front 20

Description

Back 20

A word picture

Front 21

Explanation

Back 21

A statement that makes clear how something is done or why it exists in its present form

Front 22

Definition

Back 22

A statement of what something means

Front 23

Classification

Back 23

A type of definition in the general class to which it belongs that differentiates it from all other members

Front 24

Operational definition

Back 24

A definition that shows how a term works or what it does

Front 25

Analogy

Back 25

A comparison between two ideas, things, or situations that demonstrates how something unfamiliar is similar to something the audience already understands

Front 26

Literal analogy

Back 26

A comparison between two similar things

Front 27

Figurative analogy

Back 27

A comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things that share some common feature on which the comparison depends

Front 28

Statistics

Back 28

Numerical data that summarize examples

Front 29

Expert testimony

Back 29

The opinion of someone who is an acknowledged expert in the field under discussion

Front 30

Lay testimony

Back 30

The opinion of someone who has experienced an event or situation firsthand

Front 31

Literary quotation

Back 31

A citation from a work of fiction or nonfiction, a poem, or another speech

Front 32

Oral citation

Back 32

The oral presentation of such information about a source as the author, title, and publication date

Front 33

Developing a general purpose reason and then a specific purpose statement (Page 311)

Back 33

Helps you keep your audience in mind throughout your preparation

Front 34

Main ideas or claims have a direct relationship with the thesis, with its logical divisions, and what else? (Pages 316-317)

Back 34

Support the thesis

Front 35

Why is it important to have a thesis statement or central idea that reflects one topic? (Page 313)

Back 35

Multiple topics are often more confusing to follow and to understand

Front 36

Speeches should use a variety of kinds of support in order to do what? (Page 330)

Back 36

Appeal to and be understood by a wide range of audience backgrounds

Front 37

In general, a thesis or central idea is supported by claims; claims are supported by proof; and (Pages 317-318)

Back 37

Proof is supported by development, including details and examples

Front 38

Public speaking or presentational speaking decisions about content, organization and delivery need to be what? (Page 304)

Back 38

Audience-centered

Front 39

After you have decided on your general purpose, your specific purpose, your central idea and possible main ideas or claims, it is time to do what? (Page 319)

Back 39

Research on and decisions on support materials

Front 40

Speech preparation includes the need to decide which types of support will do what? (Page 325)

Back 40

Best accomplish your specific purpose and focus on the audience and situation