Com 471 Exam 2

Front 1

What is an attitude object?

Back 1

Any idea, object, or person about which one forms an attitude

Front 2

What is aversive racism?

Back 2

A type of racism in which the individual believes they are nonprejudiced, but they still harbor negative feelings about the outgroup

Front 3

What is the chronic outgroup affect?

Back 3

One's stable feeling toward the outgroup (larger groups, groups as whole)

Front 4

What is episodic outgroup affect?

Back 4

One's affective reaction to a specific member of the outgroup

Front 5

What is explicit memory?

Back 5

Conscious recollection of memories. All the episodic and general information that is long-term memory and that is available for conscious recollection

Front 6

What is implicit memory?

Back 6

An unintentional, nonconscious form of memory. Stimuli can be perceived without awareness, and this information can later influence thought, feelings, and behavior

Front 7

What is implicit stereotyping?

Back 7

The introspectively unidentified traces of past experience that influence perceptions of outgroup members. Exposure to prior stereotype-relevant information below the level of awareness can later influence one's attitudes, feelings, and behavior toward the relevant outgroup

Front 8

What is incidental affect?

Back 8

Affect that arises in situations unrelated to the intergroup context

Front 9

What is integral affect?

Back 9

Affect that originates within the intergroup situation and involves the stereotyped outgroup. This type of affect can also arise from merely thinking about the outgroup

Front 10

What is stereotype suppression?

Back 10

The conscious effort to avoid thinking about stereotypes. Results in stereotype rebound in some low-prejudice persons.

Front 11

What does subliminal mean?

Back 11

The perception of a stimulus without conscious awareness of perceiving the stimulus

Front 12

What is authoritarianism?

Back 12

Rigid personality characterized by categorical thinking, submissiveness to authority, and adherence to middle-class values. These individuals tend to dislike anyone who is different from themselves and thus tend to have stereotypes and prejudice toward many groups

Front 13

What is committed religiosity?

Back 13

Religious viewpoint that allows an individual to hold a wide range of categories about which one can evaluate the world, and one's ideas about the world and others tend tends to be more complex and open minded

Front 14

What is consensual religiosity?

Back 14

Religious viewpoint in which the individual tends to interpret religion more literally and concretely, make more generalizations about religion, and be unreceptive to different ideas and opinions

Front 15

What is extrinsic religious orientation?

Back 15

Describes an individual who uses religion for their own purposes, attends church frequently, and tends to be more prejudice toward others

Front 16

What is intrinsic religious orientation?

Back 16

Describes a person who has internalized their religious values and lives according to these beliefs, attends church regularly, and tends to be more egalitarian

Front 17

What is need for cognition?

Back 17

An individual-difference variable that describes the dispositional motivation of an individual to think about the world; the higher this motivation is, the more the individual enjoys thinking about, seeking, and pondering problems and information about the world

Front 18

What is need for cognition closure?

Back 18

An individual-difference variable in which persons who have this motivation tend to need an answer - any answer - on a given topic, so that they may arrive at a conclusion (and not have confusion or ambiguity about the topic), even if the conclusion is incorrect

Front 19

What is need for structure?

Back 19

An individual-difference variable in which those who have a high degree of this motivation tend to desire clear, certain, or unambiguous knowledge (structure) about a topic

Front 20

What is right-wing authoritarianism?

Back 20

Personality style in which the individual tends to be politically conservative, more punitive toward criminals, more likely to endorse orthodox religious views, and very prejudice toward outgroups

Front 21

What is social-dominance orientation?

Back 21

An attitude toward intergroup relations in which the individual believes that groups are different, and that some groups naturally are higher in status that others. These individuals strongly prefer to seek and maintain the inequality among groups

Front 22

How does aversive racism affect feelings about African Americans?

Back 22

Anti-African American prejudice, in individuals who believe they are very egalitarian, but who also have negative feelings and attitudes toward African Americans. This prejudice is more likely to be expressed as ingroup favoritism, rather than outgroup derogation

Front 23

What is the bogus-pipline technique?

Back 23

Attitude-assessment technique that reduces the social-desirability response bias but is very labor intense. The participant is connected to a device similar to a lie detector, and the participant is led to believe that the device will give the experimenter an accurate reading of the participant's true attitudes

Front 24

What are demand characteristics?

Back 24

Aspects of an experimental situation that lead participants to form their own hypotheses about what the experiment is about (and what behavior the experimenter would like them to show)

Front 25

What is modern racism?

Back 25

A subtle form of prejudice that is only expressed when the individual believes it is safe, acceptable, or easily rationalizable

Front 26

What is social desirability?

Back 26

Presenting oneself and one's attitudes as very positive, in order to give the most socially acceptable attitude/behavior, even if it deviates from one's true attitudes

Front 27

What is symbolic racism?

Back 27

Anti-African American prejudices originating out of the belief that African Americans violate traditional American values