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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Marked Language
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Also called spot lighting
Language that happens when a norm is violated. Male nurse, female police officer |
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Parallel Language
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Also called semantic derogation
Two terms that have the same concept but one term is derogatory. Example would be Bachelor and spinster. Bachelor is a single successful man who attracts women. Spinster is an old woman who is past her sexual prime. |
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PUD
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Patriarchal Universe of Discourse
- Cultural model of reality that people use to decide how to act in specific contexts - Divides the world into two, unequal stereotypical spheres in well-defined, discrete areas of the English vocabulary that name people, their behaviors, attitudes, and activities in the world. |
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Semantic Derogation
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When two words should describe parallel concepts but one of the terms is derogatory.
Mistress/master, lady/lord, manly/womanly |
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Semantic Imbalance
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A large number of terms can describe one group but only a few can describe the other.
Sexually Promiscuous - there are hundreds of ways to call girls sluts but only a few to call guys |
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Truncated Passive
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The verb allows the agent to be deleted.
"That woman was raped." compared to "That man raped that woman." Enables blaming the victim |
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De-verbing of women
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You can use man as a verb but you cant use woman as a verb.
Man-up, who's manning the boat, man the store Man carries the implication of acting. Women carries the implication of being acted upon |
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Talking Back
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- Used when expressing a liberating voice and to be resistant
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Counterpublic Spheres
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- Critical opposition to dominant powers in society
- Give voice to members of silenced groups |
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Playing with Language
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Used to point out the presence of sexism
An example would be to use "woman" as a response to the way "man" is used as a verb Man the boat, woman the world |
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Function of nonverbal communication (3)
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1. To supplement verbal language
2. To regulate interaction - Eye and body movements will tell other people that you want to speak 3. Relationship levels of meaning - Saying I hate you to your best friend jokingly |
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Forms of nonverbal communication (6)
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Haptics, paralanguage, proxemics, artifacts, kinesics, physical characteristics
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Haptics
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Refers to how people touch
Women - comforting touch Men - controlling touch |
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Paralanguage
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Refers to the vocal cues used to express language
Tone, rate of speech Men's voice is more commanding Women's voice is softer, higher, and using more inflection |
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Proxemics
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The space around our bodies and how we use it
Women have a larger comfort zone Men have problems getting too close for comfort, especially when talking with women Men have their "man cave" which is their own personal space |
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Artifacts
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The personal objects that we surround ourselves with (toys, jewelry, clothing, art)
Women have makeup |
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Kinesics
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Face and body movements
Women are expected to smile Men dont feel the need to smile and be fake |
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Physical characteristics
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Refer to our physical appearance
Men - muscles Women - body, butt |
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Performativity
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Butler suggests that gender and sex are performative
Passing - choosing to be a gender (passing as a female) |
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To pass as a man, gilbert had to...(3)
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Lose the sparkle in her eye, lower her voice, set her gaze in the back of her head
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Cross-dressing
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Dressing as the opposite sex
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Drag
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Same as cross-dressing but its a performance. Drag King - women dressing as a man.
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Men-men friendships
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- Men have problems being close to other men because of the fear of self-disclosure and being viewed as homosexual
- Men build closeness by activities instead of self disclosure - Covert Intimacy - Humor, competition, playful punching, all this to show affection without actually showing it |
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Women-Women friendships
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- Women have problems with competition and envy
- Women like friendships with men because they are not emotionally intense like theirs with other women - Self-disclosure is big |
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Men-Women friendships
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Heteronormativity - people expect that if a man and woman are hanging out a bunch they are probably dating
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Language is a symbolic system
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Language is highly arbitrary (made up) and ambiguous (multiple meanings)
Meanings can be denotative (literal meaning of the word) or connotative (subjective emotional experience of the word - cool = temperature, awesome) |
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Male generic language
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Using masculine terms for men and women
- "Hey Guys", businessman, mailman, mankind |
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Language can trivialize or devalue men and women (ex)
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Female - bitch, iron maiden, butch, dyke
Male - Girl, panzy, pussy, bitch, fag, gay To insult a man you are either calling him a woman or homosexual |
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Communality
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All nonverbal behaviors that make us feel part of a community (touch, eye contact)
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Agency
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Independence and self control (men's distance and firm handshake)
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Positional Identities
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Men fear intimacy and seek position
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Covert Intimacy
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Humor, competitive, playful, punch each other
Men do these things to show affection without actually showing it |
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Relational Identities
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Women fear separation and seek closeness
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Three groups of males
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Core (stars), central (can move to core at certain times), and periphera
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Heterosexual script (3)
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- Feminine women and masculine men are considered desirable
- Men initiate and plan activities - Women talk more and differ to men - Men earn money, women take care of relationship, home, children |
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Second shift
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Working women work a job outside the house and their second job or shift is to maintain the house/kids
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Psychological responsibility
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Women are expected to maintain the psychological side of the relationship
- Remember plans - Remember birthdays - Remember events |
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Symbolic Women
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The exterior group containing women and non-hegemonic males like the peripheral group
Males that are excluded from the all-male group activities |
