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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Theory
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sets of hunches about communication; an umbrella term for careful and systematic discussion and analysis of communication phenomena.
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Paradigmatic Continuum
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classifies different types of research, objective and interpretive.
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Objective Approach
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social science, based on scientific method
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Goals of research
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1. Prediction
2. Explain cause and effect 3. Control 4. Validation of theory 5. Generalize results to large populations |
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Interpretive Approach
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understanding one perspective (biased).
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Goals of research
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1. Interpret phenomena
2. Depth of understanding 3. Accepting multiple viewpoints 4. Expansion of theory 5. Explain specific cases in great detail |
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Uncertainty Reduction Theory
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a. Emphasis on when strangers meet. Initial interaction produces uncertainty, natural desire to reduce the uncertainty.
b. Goals of the systems/ interactional approach: gives us a really comprehensive look at how a relationship might develop from an initial encounter |
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Motivation to reduce uncertainty
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• Anticipation of future interaction
• Incentive value • Deviance |
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Systems Approach
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looking at what kind of feedback is given and analyzing it in order to either maintain or change the situation.
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Feedback Processes
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• Positive feedback: allows change in the system.
•Negative feedback: maintains status quo. |
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Axiom I
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one cannot communicate, avoiding communication is impossible.
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Axiom 2
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all communication has content and relations dimensions.
1. Content: what is said. 2. Relational: how it is said. |
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Axiom 3
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Symmetrical and Complementary Studies
1. Symmetrical: minimization of difference in communication style. 2. Complementary: maximization of difference In communication styles. |
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Axiom 4
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Goals of the systems/ interactional approach: to examine how communication functions relationally
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Define Power
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Power: the capacity one has to proactive control over another.
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Define Control
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the actual behavioral practices one practices over another (power enacted)
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Relational Control Coding (RCC)
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coding scheme used to categorize ongoing interaction according to who controls the relationship…3 different
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3 Different Codes:
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• One-Up-Communication: to gain control of the exchange
• One-Down-Communication: to yield control of the exchange • One-Across-Communication: moves towards neutralizing control. |
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Symmetrical Communication
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equal power
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Complimentary Interaction
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Differences in power
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Culture
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Socially constructed way of life, developed and shared by a group of people passed down from generation to generation.
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Interpretive approach to culture
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culture is something we have, deep systems of meaning, the goal is to understand not predict.
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Social scientific (objective) approach to culture
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culture is something we have, viewed as external, independent; the goal is prediction and control.
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Symbolic:
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we affiliate certain symbols with culture which are assigned and agreed upon meetings.
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Individualist
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values individual identity over group
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Norms
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underneath everything you and anyone finds appropriate, there lies a cultural norm. Our ability to successfully interact in an inter-cultural context is highlight correlated with our willingness to admit to admit that our norms are not necessary.
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Main principals of CAT
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• Accommodate different cultural groups
• Gain approval • Any cultural group |
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Convergence:
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becoming more similar, adopting communication style, discourse management. Accommodating your own group.
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Divergence:
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maintenance and over accommodation:
• Maintenance: persisting with original style • Over accommodation: trying too hard to converge. |
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Face
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public self image, reputation, unobservable
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Facework
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directly observable, focused on actions.
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Protective Face
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our need for freedom of action, the need to be seen as independent and self directed.
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Supportive Faces
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need to be desirable to others, to be perceived as belonging interdependence.
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Protective FTAs
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threatens independence.
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