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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Descriptive Statistics
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involves procedures for summarizing sample data
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Inferential Statistics
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logical system for estimating population characteristics from sample descriptions
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What are the three pictorial ways information can be shown?
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bar graph, frequency polygon or in a histogram
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Where does the scores or values (x) appears on which axis and their frequency appears on which axis?
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scores/values on the horizontal axis
frequencies on the vertical axis |
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What are the three key indices of a distrobution's central tendency?
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mean, medium and mode
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what are the three common indices of the dispersion of scores in a distrubution?
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range, variance and standard deviation
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How to you solve the variance?
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Σd² ÷ N-1
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How do you solve for the standard deviation
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the square root of the variance:
√Σd² ÷ √N-1 |
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what is a statistic?
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numerical characteristic of a sample
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what is a parameter?
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numerical characteristic of a population
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Explain the sampling error
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estimates probable deviations of population parameters from sample statistics at some specified level of confidence
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what is the magnitude of sampling error?
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function of the homogeneity of the populaion from which the radom sample was drawn and the sample size
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Research Hypothesis
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a particular kind of relationship exists between or among populations
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Null Hypothesis
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no relationship exists
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When the level of confidence is <.05 what does that really mean?
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Over the long run, researchers will reject a null hypothesis when it is actually true about 5% of the time.
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what is a type 1 error?
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aka Alpha Error, results from rejecting a true null hypothesis
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what is a type 2 error?
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beta error, results from accepting a false null hypothesis
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When do you use a t-test?
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when you have
-two samples, one of which are samll |
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when do you use a z-test?
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for mwan differences between two large samples
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when do you use a chi-squared test?
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analyzing differences among two or more frequency tables of moderatly small to large sizes
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when do you use a contingency table analysis?
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it tests for differences among the frequency categories of two or more independent variables
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