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24 Cards in this Set
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The Protestant Reformation |
Started by Martin Luther in 1517 Claimed only Bible could represent God Calvinism created by John Calvin--expanded on Luther's idea--became ideology of NE Puritans Predestination--idea that God decides before birth which souls will go to heaven --Influence Puritan extremists, otherwise known as Separatists/Pilgrims to leave the Church of England b/c wouldn't separate "elect" from "damned" when allowing membership King James I persecuted them, they left on Mayflower for VA but landed in Plymouth Bay instead. Outside of VA Co's barriers, made Mayflower Compact A civil body politic that made a model for future constitutions |
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Puritans |
Originated from desire to "purify" English Christianity Given permission to form Massachusetts Bay Colony Arrived in NW, set up organized, sanitized society and est. Harvard--first English American college, 6 years after arrival John Winthrop--colony's first governor, told Puritans new colony would be "a city upon a hill" Idea carried out by Puritans in their determination for colony to be an ideal society other nations would be modeled after Gov leaders still use ideas today American exceptionalism and international leadership comes from this phrase |
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"The Elect" |
Idea people are predestined to go Heaven and born good Predestination--Calvin's idea that fate is decided no matter what you do in your life Puritan world very black and white-either born good or bad and nothing you can do about it If born good, in the "elect" Problem w/ the Church of England is have the "elect" but also riffraff Puritans want city on a hill to be for the "elect" Goes against colonial unity in long run |
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Separation of church and state for Puritans |
If you're a religious leader, you cannot be a political leader Only Elect can vote in Puritan cities though Depends on how separation is defined if they have it or not Only members of Puritanism have a say in politics |
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Rhode Island |
Started by Roger Williams--Puritan states person, one of Elect, high up w/ Puritans Williams against how Puritans treat natives b/c thinks taking land away from them isn't right and isn't the right way to conduct themselves in God's eyes. Others think natives not part of elect so justified b/c building city on a hill Williams is exiled--if kicked out at this time, no where to go. But supporters came w/ him 1636--Rhode Island established Welcomed all people not welcomed by Puritans (Catholics or Jews). Anti-Puritan colony. "Rogue" Island--unity won't happen for another century after this |
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Anne Hutchinson |
Questions predestination Antinomianism--idea if everything's predestined, why have rules? How significant are they and what are they good for? If everyone's good or bad, people will do what they're going to do and the law makes no difference Secret meetings to discuss idea, so Puritans exile her and kick her out of Mass Bay Goes to Rhode Island Idea of how Puritans dealt w/ people who look at world differently or question status quo |
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Mercantilism |
Idea that main reason to have colonies was to benefit the mother country From English perspective, having these colonies would bring wealth and valuable goods back to England Suggesting colonies would buy all their goods from England People in America helping English and providing marketplace for English goods and services *Single largest factor in starting American Rev |
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Colonists' view of mercantilism |
Inconvenience or impediment to livelihood Everything is supposed to benefit the mother country, but if sell it directly to other countries English will later sell it to, then can make more money Colonists realize will get more money from other countries, but can't do that b/c mercantilism |
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The Navigation Acts |
1650-1750 Dozens of laws passed by Parliament in at least a hundred year period As a group, laws designed to enforce mercantilism--Brits trying to make sure mercantilism is happening in colonies Hard for English to actually enforce it though, easy for Americans to ignore laws. Leads to smuggling (Ex of acts--colonists can't sell goods to anyone but English, goods must be sent on ships w/ English flags, colonists must buy from English merchants)
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Smuggling |
The colonists try to find ways around the Navigation Acts Sell goods in secretive, underground ways to bend rules a bit and sell to Spanish British trying to make mercantilism happen, Americans trying to get around the law Big in colonial period up until Rev when English crack down on Americans for this |
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The Confederation of New England |
1643 Set up by Americans Colonies Mass Bay, Plymouth, New Haven, and other CT settlements came together to defend themselves from Indians, French, and Dutch Each colony had two votes (Mass Bay wanted more b/c biggest) Colonists deemed qualified could participate through representatives England dealing w/ civil wars so colonies got independence w/o royal involvement for 7 yrs Fades out and doesn't lead to any bigger unity amongst colonists and emphasizes Puritans don't share anything in common w/ Rhode Island (enemy kept out of confederation) Significance--represents colonies' first attempt at colonial unity/working together |
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King Charles I |
King during Mass Bay creation Puritans left b/c of him Overthrown in 1649 and publicly executed England goes into long, bloody civil war No real king for following years |
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Interregnum |
1649-1660 No attention being paid to America Fate of empire in balance, everything messy in England British attention focused on home while NE growing stronger and Boston bigger Colonies expanding English bring Charles II back as king--Restoration period--want a king and think this is how country should work |
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King Charles II |
During his reign, colonies expand Carolinas and Pennsylvania established English take NY from Dutch While King, colonies growing and solidifying |
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King James II |
Not King very long b/c not very successful ruler Wanted to pay more attention to Americans Wants to bring all goods from America possible Goal: no random colonies overseen by diff leaders and legislatures, create one big super colony Leads to Dominion of New England |
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Dominion of New England |
*Mercantilism going on Mass, Conn, NH, Rhode Island, NY, and NJ Point is to make easier for English to enforce Navigation Acts Edmund Andros--overseer of all colonies, main job to enforce acts which were usually broken/ignored in colonies beforehand English getting stricter, Americans opposed, also don't like being forced together Unrest in America as opposition to dominion Many in England questioning James's rule James didn't really want to be King, Parliament tells him to give up thrown, he willingly accepts and steps down |
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Glorious Revolution |
James willingly steps down from throne William and Mary take over (1689-1702) Glorious b/c no bloodshed, Parliament tells king what to do, he accepts, government working effectively In America--means no one backing up Dominion or Andros--incited mobs in Boston who drove Andros out of Mass Shows American unity--united enough to protest against something they don't like, but also protesting being united--shows unity hasn't happened yet **look at homework about key events |
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Salutary neglect |
After the Americans rebel against Dominion and Andros, forty year period of English leaving Americans alone Helpful period of neglect, allows colonies to develop, find governments, and come up w/ identity as Americans |
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The Dutch |
Won independence from Catholic Spain with help of Protestant England Declared war on England-->3 Anglo-Dutch Naval Wars Dutch republic became a leading colonial power Created Dutch East India Co and Dutch West India Co West India--more like pirates, secured land for Dutch to settle in NW 1623--New Netherland established New Englanders didn't like imposing Dutch but couldn't get rid of them |
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The Swedish |
1638--New Sweden set up 1655-Dutch sent military group to take down the colony New Sweden--absorbed by New Netherland |
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The Chesapeake |
Lots of disease (malaria, typhoid, dysentery) Short life span--10 less yrs if move thereFew families 1650-not enough women to marry so lots of single men--families rare and short-lived Orphaned children who never met grandparents Young girls pregnant before marriage Fertile land for growing tobacco Tobacco ruined soil quickly Needed more fertile land, so expanded across south Farmers needed labor for all the tobacco, couldn't use Indians or Africans so used indentured servants BACON'S REBELLION Africans became new labor source--changed social structure and led to race-based laws
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New England |
Cold climate and clean water Longer life span, suffered from less disease Families, early marriages, lots of children Children learned from parents and grandparents Less widespread and rural than south Towns grew in organized fashion and had engaged societies Education highly valued--towns required public education be available (Harvard est) City upon a hill-influenced other American cities that imitated organization and democracy |
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Peter Zenger |
1733 Newspaper publisher in NY Published statements about colonial governor and was arrested for libel Became famous lawyer People rarely had credentials b/c seen as lazy work, not done w/ hands, no prestige **Add from handout |
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Benjamin Rush |
Famous doctor (seen as ultimate) Medical treatment--bleeding or excessive laxatives (not really helpful if sick) People rarely had credentials b/c seen as lazy work, not done w/ hands, no prestige |
