Cold War Vocabulary

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Cold war countries

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U.S.A. and U.S.S.R.

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Cold War

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rivalry after World War II between the Soviet Union and its satellites (countries around it) and the democratic countries of the Western world, under the leadership of the United States.

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Capitalism

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an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations (USA)
This is different than when property, goods, and wealth are controlled cooperatively or are state-owned/controlled. (USSR)

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United States

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A republic in the N Western Hemisphere comprising 48 conterminous states, the District of Columbia, and Alaska in North America, and Hawaii in the N Pacific.

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Soviet Union

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A Communist country trying to spread communism in the Cold War.

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Cold war

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Rivalry after World War II between the Soviet Union and its satellites and the democratic countries of the Western world, under the leadership of the United States.

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Market economy

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A capitalistic economic system in which there is free competition and prices are determined by the interaction of supply and demand.

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Communism

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A system of social organization in which all economic and social activity is controlled by a totalitarian state dominated by a single and self-perpetuating political party

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Iron Curtain

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A barrier to understanding and the exchange of information and ideas created by ideological, political, and military hostility of one country toward another, especially such a barrier between the Soviet Union and its allies and other countries.

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Arms Race

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Competition between countries to achieve superiority in quantity and quality of military arms

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Nuclear War

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When two countries have an all out nuclear war against each other beginning WW3

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Anti-Communism

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Any government that doesn't support communism

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Space Race

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The competitive nature of the nations involved in space exploration

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Atomic Age

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The period in history initiated by the first use of the atomic bomb and characterized by atomic energy as a military, political, and industrial factor.

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McCarthy Hearings

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Were a series of hearings held by the United States Senate's Subcommittee on Investigations between April 1954 and June 1954. The hearings were held for the purpose of investigating conflicting accusations between the United States Army and Senator Joseph McCarthy.

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Trade Embargo

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The United States embargo against Cuba is a commercial, economic, and financial embargo partially imposed on Cuba in October 1960. It was enacted after Cuba nationalized the properties of United States citizens and corporations and it was strengthened to a near-total embargo on February 7, 1962

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Cuban Missle Crises

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The Cuban Missile Crisis was the closest the world ever came to nuclear war. When USSR removed the missiles from Cuba and nuclear war was avoided.

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Bay Of pigs invasion

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The Bay of Pigs Invasion was an unsuccessful action by a CIA-trained force of Cuban exiles to invade southern Cuba, with support and encouragement from the US government, in an attempt to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro.

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Berlin Airlift

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Berlin airlift, 1948-49, supply of vital necessities to West Berlin by air transport primarily under U.S. auspices. It was initiated in response to a land and water blockade of the city that had been instituted by the Soviet Union in the hope that the Allies would be forced to abandon West Berlin.

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Berlin Wall

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Berlin Wall, 1961-89, a barrier first erected in Aug., 1961, by the East German government along the border between East and West Berlin, and later along the entire border between East Germany and West Germany.

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Communist Bloc
Eastern Bloc

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During the Cold War, the term Communist Bloc was used to refer to the Soviet Union and countries it either controlled or that were its allies in Central and Eastern Europe.

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Containment

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Was the idea of keeping communism in one place and not spreading around Europe and to the West.

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N.A.T.O.

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International military alliance created to defend western Europe against a possible Soviet invasion.

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Warsaw Pact

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The Warsaw Pact was an organization of communist states in Central and Eastern Europe. It was established on May 14, 1955 in Warsaw, Poland. The treaty was signed in Warsaw on May 14, 1955 and official copies were made in Russian, Polish, Czech and German. It was an initiative of the Soviet Union. This treaty was in response to Western Germany joining the NATO treaty, in that there was a political Consultative Committee, followed by a civilian secretary general, while down the chain of command there was a military commander in chief and a combined staff, although the similarities between the two international organizations ended there.

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Limited Test Ban Treaty

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The Treaty banning Nuclear Weapon Tests In The Atmosphere, In Outer Space And Under Water, often abbreviated as the Partial Test Ban Treaty, Limited Test Ban Treaty, or Nuclear Test Ban Treaty is a treaty prohibiting all test detonations of nuclear weapons except underground. It was developed both to slow the arms race, and to stop the excessive release of nuclear fallout into the planet's atmosphere.

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Marshall Plan

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Marshall Plan or European Recovery Program, project instituted at the Paris Economic Conference to foster economic recovery in certain European countries after World War II. The Marshall Plan took form when U.S. Secretary of State George C. Marshall urged that European countries decide on their economic needs so that material and financial aid from the United States could be integrated on a broad scale. In Apr., 1948, President Truman signed the act establishing the Economic Cooperation Administration to administer the program.

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Open Skies

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Was a plan to keep the skies to be open and let planes fly wherever they want to.

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Sputnik

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Was the first satellite in space and was the thing in space. The Soviet Union sent it into space.

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Truman Doctrine

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The Truman Doctrine was a proclamation by U.S. President Harry S. Truman on March 12, 1947. It stated that the U.S. would support Greece and Turkey economically and militarily to prevent their falling under Soviet control.

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U-2 Spy Plane

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Plane that could take pictures of Soviet Land and see what is there.

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M.A.D.
Mutually Assured Destruction

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Assured destruction is a concept sometimes used in game theory and similar discussions to describe a condition where certain behaviors or choices are deterred because they will lead to the imposition by others of overwhelming punitive consequences.

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United Nations

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United Nations, international organization established immediately after World War II. It replaced the League of Nations. In 1945, when the UN was founded, there were 51 members; 192 nations are now members of the organization.

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Korean Confict

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Some of Korea was communist and the other part wasn't and the democratic didn't want to fall to communism because they thought it would be a domino effect.

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Vietnam Conflict

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Some of Vietnam was communist and the other part wasn't and the democratic didn't want to fall to communism because they thought it would be a domino effect.

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Police Action

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Police action in military security studies and international relations, is a euphemism for a military action undertaken without a formal declaration of war.

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Masssive Retalliation

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If you attack me I will attack you.

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I.C.B.M.

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A guided missile that is programmed and it doesn't have to be dropped.

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Diplomatic pressure

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When a country takes away a natural resource from an enemy to try and win a war.

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Economic Pressure

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A condition in a country's economy in which economic indicators are unfavorable.

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Military Pressure

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When one military threatens to attack another.

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Soviet Aggression

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When the Soviets want to fight another country usually for a war type reason.

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Glasnost

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Glasnost , Soviet cultural and social policy of the late 1980s. Following his ascension to the leadership of the USSR in 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev began to promote a policy of openness in public discussions about current and historical problems.

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Perestoika

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Perestroika , Soviet economic and social policy of the late 1980s.

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Detente

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Détente is a French term, meaning a relaxing or easing; the term has been used in international politics since the early 1970s.

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Stalemate

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When no one wins and it is a tie.

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Boycotts and Economic Sanctions

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Attempting to destabilize a communist country by limiting or withdrawing the exchange of goods, knowledge, technology, or cultural contact.

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Building Defenses

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Allocating a large percentage of the U.S. budget to the construction of nuclear arms and a powerful military to counter the Soviet defense buildup and discourage Soviet agression.

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Clandestine Operations

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Working in secret often through the Central Intelliagence Agency, to fix elections or conduct assassinations, coups, or smear campaigns to keep Communist leaders in a country from rising to power.

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Economic Aid

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Providing a country with funds, expert advice, or humanitarian aid to promote its economic health and political stability and to foster positive feelings toward the United States.

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Forging Alliances

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Creating a strong relationship in which the U.S. and another country pledge to support each other in efforts to prevent the spread of communism and promote the spread of democracy.

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Military Aid

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Providing weapons and military advice to a country to help it defend itself against the threat of communism from either external influences or internal Communist revolutionaries.

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Negotiations

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Talking with Soviet or Communist leaders to arrive at agreements that reduce the communist threat by lessening the Soviets military threat or political influence.

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Promoting U.S. Business Interests

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Maintaining stable, friendly relationships with a country to promote the interests of America corporations doing business there.

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Proxy Wars - Police Action

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Avoiding direct conflict with the Soviet Union by providing military and economic aid to countries, or groups within countries, who were willing to fight against communism. In such cases, the U.S. and the Soviet Union provided military support to opposing groups in a warring nation so as to influence the outcome of the war without actually fighting against each other and bringing on nuclear war.

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Harry Truman

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President after FDR died.

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Winston Churchill

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Britians president

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Douglas MacAurthur

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General in lots of wars.

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Stalin

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Soviet Union dictator WW2

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Nikita Khrushchev

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Dictator during Cold War.

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Fidel Castro

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Cuban dictator

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JFK

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President during Cold War

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George Kennan

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American advisor

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Lyndon B. Johnson

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36th president during Cold War

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Richard Nixon

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37th president

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Jimmy Carter

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39th President

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Ronald Reagan

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40th president

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Leonid Brezhnev

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Was the General Secretary of the Central Committee (CC) of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

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Mikael Gorbachev

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Is a former Soviet statesman, having served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991

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Senator Joseph McCarthy

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Was an American politician who served as a Republican U.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in

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Kim IL-Sung

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Was the ruler of North Korea,

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Ho Chi Mihn

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Was a Chinese Communist revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist

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Syngman Rhee

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Was the president of South Korea