Cold & Cough

Front 1

Mucus function & complications in a cold (5)

Back 1

Function = trap foreign particles. However the mucus can drip in certain locations, causing complications

a.) eustachian tube = ear infections
b.) throat = post-nasal drip (cough, sore throat, laryngitis)
c) nose = rhinorrhea
d.) lungs = bronchitis, pneumonia
e.) sinuses = sinus infection/ sinus headache

Front 2

Defense mechanism of respiratory system (3)

Back 2

1.) vasodilation
2.) inflammation
3.) increased mucus production

Front 3

Common cold
a.) etiology
b.) incidence
c.) risk factors

Back 3

a.) most common is rhinovirus. other viruses are also involved
b.) transmission is either self-innoculation (hand to mucosal lining) or aerosol transmission
c.) stress for over a month, smoking, bad lifestyle (sedentary/ poor diet), around sick people, weak immune system

Front 4

Signs & symptoms of cold (3-2 in order)

Back 4

The 3 S's
1.) sore throat
2.) STUFFY nose/ rhinorrhea
3.) SNEEZING

2 C's
there is coughing but is is mild. also some chest discomfort

Front 5

Cold
a.) incubation time
b.) duration of symptoms

Back 5

a.) 1-3 days, then symptoms appear
b.) 7-10 days

Front 6

Complications of cold
a.) outcomes
b.) symptoms (2)

Back 6

a.) Ear infection, lung infection, sinus, COPD
b.) fever after the cold, the mucus/phelgm is colored

Front 7

Signs & symptoms of secondary bacterial infection

Back 7

k

Front 8

When to refer a patient to MD

Back 8

fever (101.5) for more than 3 days, kid is <2, more than 7 day duration, diseases (AIDs, COPD, CHF)

Front 9

CAM

Back 9

k

Front 10

Needs/considerations of cough & cold products in KIDS. counseling points to the parents

Back 10

k

Front 11

Things to ask before recommending a product

Back 11

4: AGE (& who is it for), allergies, diseases, med list

4: SYMPTOMS (severity, mucus, duration), what have you tried, what factors worsened/made it better

Front 12

What to do for pharyngitis

Back 12

Local anesthetics (N'ice, Halls, Cepacol, Sucret)

Front 13

Decongestants
a.) MOA
b.) CI (4) & specific people to avoid!
c.) precaution
d.) population

Back 13

a.) alpha-adrenergic stimulation = vasoconstriction = less edema in the mucosa
b.) severe HTN, DM, CAD, MAOI use: nursing & kids <12yo
c.) hyperthyroidism, BPH, HTN-DM-CAD
d.) recommend for people you don't know. this is a safe route

Front 14

Topical decongestants
a.) brands
b.) pros & cons
c.) counseling

Back 14

a.) neo-synephrine (phenylephrine), afrin (oxymetazoline)
b.) cheap, fast onset, covers large area; imprecise dosing, tip can be clogged, high risk of contamination
c.) gently blow nose, tilt head, exhale, close 1 nostril, spray as you gently inhale. when done, breathe through mouth & rinse the tip. DONT USE MORE THAN 3 DAYS (afrin/oxymetazoline & phenylepherine/neo-synephrine) bc of rebound congestion

Front 15

If you're going to use a topical decongestant, which is the best form to use for kids?

Back 15

DROPS (otrivin/ xylometazoline)

Front 16

Topical decongestant forms (3)

Back 16

spray, drops, inhalers (lose efficacy over time)

Front 17

Rhinitis medicamentosa
a.) seen in
b.) duration
c.) to prevent
d.) to treat

Back 17

a.) topical decongestants
b.) when used >3 days
c.) use prn, don't use >3 days, switch decongestant
d.) stop drug, use saline drops, normalcy returns in 1-2 weeks (use systemic decongestants or topical corticosteroids in the meantime if needed)

Front 18

What is the drug of choice for pregnant women with a cold? (& dose)

Back 18

Chlor-Trimeton (chlorpheniramine) 4mg PO q 4-6 hours

Front 19

Antihistamine MOA

Back 19

blocks histamine and cholinergic receptors. first gen antihistamines block cholinergic receptors to a much greater extect than 2nd gen antihistamines, so greater anticholinergic side-effects

Front 20

Antihistamine C/I
a.) diseases
b.) people
c.) drug

Back 20

a.) BPH/bladder neck obstruction, narrow angle glaucoma
b.) nursing, newborns & preemies
c.) MAOI

Front 21

D-D rxns with antihistamines (3)

Back 21

1.) alcohol
2.) CNS depressants
3.) MAOI

Front 22

Antihistamine caution
a.) people (3)

Back 22

a.) kids <6, asthma/emphysema, paradoxical excitation in kids

Front 23

Antitussive
a.) indication
b.) MOA

Back 23

a.) dry non-productive cough!! do not use on productive cough unless there is vomiting or insomnia
b.) acts on the cough center in the medulla to increase cough threshold

Front 24

What is the gold standard antitussive?

Back 24

Codeine (Rx only)

Front 25

Codeine counseling points (3)

Back 25

1.) not recommended for kids <2
2.) drowsiness/dizziness may occur
3.) take with food

Front 26

Codeine d-d rxns (2)

Back 26

alcohol, CNS depressants

Front 27

Delsym
a.) class
b.) caution
c.) d-d rxns (4)

Back 27

a.) antitussive
b.) teenagers bc of abuse
c.) ANTIHISTAMINES, alcohol, MAOI, psychotropic drugs

Front 28

Which drug interacts with psychotropic drugs

Back 28

Delsym

Front 29

Which drug interacts with antihistamines?

Back 29

Delsym

Front 30

a.) <12 yo
b.) <2yo
c.) <6yo
d.) teenagers

Back 30

a.) C/I of pseudoephedrine SUSTAINED RELEASE in kids <12
b.) codeine not recommended in kids <2
c.) caution antihistamine use
d.) no dextromethorphan