Cognitive Science Quiz 5

Front 1

A number between 0 and 1 that represents the relevance of an object to current processing.

Back 1

Activation

Front 2

a lack of decisiveness or commitment resulting from a failure to make a choice between alternatives.

Back 2

Ambiguity

Front 3

Learning algorithm in feedforward networks that adjusts the strengths of the links between neurons.

Back 3

Backpropogation

Front 4

emphasizes the importance of connections among simple neuronlike structures, but is also sometimes discussed in terms of neural networks or parallel distributed processing

Back 4

Connection

Front 5

where electrical signals flow into during connection through a synapse.

Back 5

Dendrite

Front 6

refers to the removal of ambiguity by making something clear

Back 6

Disambiguation

Front 7

a pattern of activity across many units that represents a concept. More neurologically plausible.

Back 7

Distributed Representation

Front 8

Neurons have ________ of neurotransmitters that provide chemical links between them, so the brain must be considered in chemical as well as electrical terms.

Back 8

Dozens

Front 9

Philosophical view that the mind consists of two separate substances, soul and body.

Back 9

Dualism

Front 10

activity of one neuron that can increase the firing rate of another.

Back 10

Excitatory synapse

Front 11

Artificial neural network in which the flow of activity is in one direction, from input neurons to output neurons

Back 11

Feedforward

Front 12

Version of materialism according to which mental states are defined by their functional relations, not by any particular kind of physical realization.

Back 12

Functionalism

Front 13

Process in neural networks that strengthens the association between two neurons that are simultaneously active.

Back 13

Hebbian Learning

Front 14

units in the middle of the feedforward system as a bridge from input units to the output units. Do not receive or send units directly to or from the outside.

Back 14

Hidden Units

Front 15

activity of one neuron that decreases the firing rate of another.

Back 15

Inhibitory Synapse

Front 16

recieves information into a network, activates the network.

Back 16

Input units

Front 17

a representation in which neuron-like structures are given an identifiable interpretation in terms of specifiable concepts or propositions. Single unit.

Back 17

Local Representation

Front 18

Philosophical view that minds are purely physical.

Back 18

Materialism

Front 19

Use of language to understand and experience one kind of thing in terms of another

Back 19

Metaphor

Front 20

visual analogy for distributed processing.

Back 20

Octopus Network

Front 21

number of neurons in the brain.

Back 21

One hundred billion

Front 22

each neuron has about _______ synapses.

Back 22

one thousand

Front 23

send information outside the network

Back 23

Output units

Front 24

processing that simultaneously resolves parallel constraints. Process in which a problem is solved by using a parallel algorithm to find the best assignment of values to interconnected aspects of the problem.

Back 24

Parallel Constraint Satisfaction

Front 25

property of a system in which many activities take place at once

Back 25

Parallel processing

Front 26

claims that every mental state such as being conscious of the smell of donuts is a physical state of the brain.

Back 26

Reductive Materialism

Front 27

Process in which an artificial neural network reaches a state of stable activations.

Back 27

Relaxation

Front 28

neurons fire up a maximum of up to this number per second.

Back 28

Several hundred

Front 29

activation flowing back and forth between two units.

Back 29

Symmetric

Front 30

Space in which a signal passes from one neuron to another.

Back 30

Synapse

Front 31

an ordered set of numbers that indicates the activation of different units .

Back 31

Vector

Front 32

a number that indicates how important one unit is to the activity of another object.

Back 32

Weight