Cognitive Psychology Quiz 2

Front 1

a severe deficit in the ability to perceive sensory information

Back 1

agnosia

Front 2

based on the receipt of sensory information in three diemnsions from both eyes

Back 2

binocular depth cues

Front 3

bottom-up theories

Back 3

data driven (i.e. stimulus driven) theories

Front 4

the perceiver constructs a perception of a stimulus; they use sensory information as the foundation for the structure but also uses other sources of information to build the perception

Back 4

constructive perception

Front 5

the influences of the surrounding environment on perception

Back 5

context effects

Front 6

the distance from a surface, usually using your own body as a reference surface when speaking in terms of depth perception

Back 6

depth

Front 7

belief that the array of information in our sensory receptors including the sensory context is all we need to perceive anything

Back 7

direct perception theory

Front 8

what stands out from versus what recedes into the background

Back 8

figure-ground

Front 9

based on the notion that the whole differs from the sum of its individual parts

Back 9

gestalt approach to form perception

Front 10

tendency to perceive any given visual array in a way that most simply organizes the disparate elements into a stable and coherent form

Back 10

law of Pragnanz

Front 11

can be represented in just two dimensions and observed with just one eye

Back 11

monocular depth cues

Front 12

the individual stores a representation of the object, independent of its appearance to the viewer

Back 12

object-centered representation

Front 13

the set of processes by which we recognize, organize, and make sense of the sensations we receive from environmental stimuli

Back 13

perception

Front 14

occurs when our perception of an object remainds the same even when our proximal sensation of the distal object changes

Back 14

perceptual constancy

Front 15

a sort of average of a class of rrelated objects of pattersn, which integrates all of the most typical (most frequently observed) features of the class

Back 15

prototype

Front 16

belief that we quickly recognize objects by observing the edges of objects and then decomposing the objects into geons

Back 16

recognition-by-components (RBC) theory

Front 17

highly detailed models for patterns we potentially might recognize

Back 17

templates

Front 18

driven by high-level cognitive processes, existing knowledge, and prior expectations

Back 18

top-down theories

Front 19

an individual stores the way the objects looks to him or her

Back 19

viewer centered representation

Front 20

a disease of older adults that causes dementia as well as progressive memory loss

Back 20

Alzheimer's disease

Front 21

severe loss of explicit memory

Back 21

amnesia

Front 22

the inability to remember vents that occur after a traumatic event

Back 22

anterograde amnesia

Front 23

a limited-capacity system that is capable of binding info from the subsidiary systems and from long-term emmory into a unitary episodic representation

Back 23

episodic buffer

Front 24

stores personally experienced events or episodes

Back 24

episodic memory

Front 25

when participants engange in conscious recollection

Back 25

explicit memory

Front 26

a process of producing retrieval of memories that would have seem to have been forgotten

Back 26

hypermnesia

Front 27

concepts that are not themselves directly measurable or observable but that serve as mental models fror understanding how a psychological phenomenon works

Back 27

hypothetical constructs

Front 28

a discrete visual sensory register that holds information for very short periods of time

Back 28

iconic store

Front 29

when we recollect something but are not consciously aware that we are trying to do so

Back 29

implicit memory

Front 30

the inability to recall events that happened when we were very young

Back 30

infantile amnesia

Front 31

postulates that memory does not comprise three or even any specific number of separate stores but rather varies along a continuous dimension in terms of depth encoding

Back 31

levels-of-processing framework

Front 32

very large capacity, capable of storing info for very long periods, perhaps even indefinitely

Back 32

long-term store

Front 33

the means by which we retain and draw on our past experiences to use this information in the present

Back 33

memory

Front 34

someone who demonstrates extraordinarily keen memory ability, usually based on the use of special techniques for memory enhancement

Back 34

mnemonist

Front 35

briefly holds inner speech for verbal comprehension and for acoustic rehearsal

Back 35

phonological loop

Front 36

a node that activates a connected node; this activation is knows as the priming affect

Back 36

prime

Front 37

the facilitation in one's ability to utilize missing information; occurs when recognition of certain stimuli is affected by prior presentation of the same or similar stimuli

Back 37

priming

Front 38

the resulting ativation of the node

Back 38

priming effect

Front 39

to produce a fact, word or other item from memory

Back 39

recall

Front 40

to seelect or otherwise identify an item as being one that you learned previously

Back 40

recognition

Front 41

occurs when individuals lose their purposeful memory for eevents prior to whatever trauma induces memory loss

Back 41

retrograde amnesia

Front 42

stores general world knowledge

Back 42

semantic memory

Front 43

a web of interconnected elements of meaning

Back 43

semantic network

Front 44

capable of storing relatively limited amounts of information for very brief periods

Back 44

sensory store

Front 45

capable of storing information for somewhat longer periods but also of relatively limited capacity

Back 45

short-term store

Front 46

briefly holds some visual images

Back 46

visuospatial sketchpad

Front 47

holds only the most recently activated portion of long-term memory, and it moves these activated elements into and out of brief, temporary memory storage

Back 47

working memory