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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Is there social communication in rhesus monkeys?
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Yes, the young have to deal with social cues from the older monkeys.
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What makes human language unique?
(4) |
Transmits language creatively
Past Present Future tense Rule based Hierarchical |
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What is similar in all languages?
(3) |
Nouns, verbs
Negativity Statement vs Question |
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Broca and Wernicke
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Specific areas in left hemisphere for making speech and comprehending language.
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Making speech is by....?
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Inferior Frontal Gyrus
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Comprehending Language is by...?
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Superior Temporal Gyrus
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Broca's Aphasia (3)
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Difficulty producing language
Comprehension intact Incoherent use of words (turtle...turtle...turtle...) |
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Wernicke's Aphasia (2)
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Can speak and write with normal grammar, rate, intonation.
But.. inserts incorrect words, made up words, strings words randomly. |
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B.F. Skinner idea of language
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Learned through reinforcement
Reward and Punishment |
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Noam Chomsky
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Children form sentences they have never heard and that have never been reinforced
Psycholinguists |
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Four Major Concerns of psycholinguists:
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Comprehension
Speech Production Representation Acquisition |
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Phonemes
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Short sound segments that if replaced; change meaning of the word.
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Morphemes
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Smallest unit of language that can be defined.
Truck = 1 Bedroom = 2 |
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Word frequency effect:
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We process higher frequency words faster than lower frequency words. We decide to pay more attention to words that are unknown.
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How do we test frequency effect?
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We use eye gaze monitoring. We look at unfamiliar words longer.
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Lexical ambiguity
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Words with more than one meaning: Bug. (spies, computers, insect)
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Lexical Priming
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Priming in a sentence:
Rumor had it that, for years, the government building had been plagued with problems. The man was not surprised when he found several spiders, roaches and other bugs in the corner of the room. Flash a photo; easier to define ANT as a bug because of sentence as opposed to SPY. |
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Parsing
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Grouping of words into phrases or ideas.
Context Cast iron sinks quickly vs Cast Iron sinks quickly, rust. |
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Parsing Theory: Syntax-first approach
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Reading along the sentence.
Cast Iron sinks rust? OH! Cast iron sinks rust quickly! That makes the sinks a noun not a verb. |
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Parsing Theory: Interactionist approach
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Using after knowledge to interact with the sentence.
The spy saw the man with the binoculars. (Wait, the man with the binoculars or he saw using the binoculars?) |
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Parsing Theory: Environmental and syntactic cues
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Apple on the towel in the box.
See its not step by step, but locates the apple. Can see the eye movements go from apple on napkin to apple on towel. |
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Making inferences
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We fill in the gaps of a story with past knowledge.
"He was pounding the nail" We assume he used a hammer. |
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Types of Inference: (3)
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Anaphoric Inferences
Instrument Inferences Causal Inferences Social Inferences |
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Anaphoric Inferences:
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Connecting an object in the first sentence to the pronoun in the next.
Prior knowledge helps. |
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Instrument inferences:
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Inferring the tools and methods.
Writing with a quill. |
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Causal Inferences:
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Events from first clause results in next.
Sharon took shower. Headache went away. |
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Social Inferences
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Rhetorical sentences. Subtle control.
Brrr, im cold. (CLOSE THE WINDOW) |
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How do we organize info?
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In a mental picture; story.
A picture is worth a thousand words. |
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Mental simulations
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The nail at the wrong angle makes it longer for us to say yes.
Same with bird flight or nest. |
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How do simulations occur in the brain?
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Activating sensory and motor systems in the brain when we read the certain actions.
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How do we coordinate information transfer during verbal conversations?
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semantics
The “given – new contract” Pattern of known information followed by new, related information Ease into it. |
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syntactic priming
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We will mimic the syntax of something we just heard.
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