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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Neurons
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cells that carry information from one place to another
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Glia cells
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Serve as "Support Cells" do not convey information. also serve an important role in myelination
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Neuron anatomy.-- what is in a neuron?
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cell body- contains the nucleus
axon- carries information from one cell to the synapse dendrite tree- receives input from other cells. |
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5 major Functions of Glia Cells
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Myelination of Axon
structural support help maintain blood brain barrier removes dead neurons modify the environment of neurons |
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Gray Matter
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in a fresh brain its pink. the surface and edges/ the neural cell bodies
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White matter
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the internal portion consist mostly of myelination from the glial cells
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2 parts of the central nervous system
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brain and spinal cord
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Peripheral nervous system
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all neural tissue beyond the CNS
sensory neurons throughout the body neurons that send information to muscles (motor control) |
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anterior and posterior
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from and back of the brain
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Superior and inferior
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Ton and bottom of the brain
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Rostral and Caudal
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towards the front of the brain (towards the head) and towards the back of the head (towards the tail)
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Dorsal and Ventral
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Above (toward the back of the spinal cord
bellow (toward the belly or front of the spinal cord ) |
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Medial and Lateral
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towards the middle
away from the middle |
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proximal and distal
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near ( in reference to the middle of the body)
Far ( in reference to the middle of the body) |
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Bilateral
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both sides of the brain
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Unilateral
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one side of the brain
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ipsilateral
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on the same side of the brain
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contralateral
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on opposite sides
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Coronal
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straight from the top to the bottom (will be separated as front to back)
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horizontal or axial
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through the middle top from bottom
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sagittal
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separating left from right
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Ventricles
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fluid filled spaces that contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
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Lateral Ventricle
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biggest two of them one on the right and one on the left. most prominent and readily available also known as 1st and 2nd ventricles
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3rd ventricle
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situated at the middle between the left and right thalamus (at the midline)
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4th ventricle
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diamond shaped fluid filled pace that is behind pons of the medulla runs down the spinal cord or brain stem
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spinal cord
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nervous system tissue- brings info from peripheral sensory organs to brain
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Medulla
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superior to the spinal cord
most motor fivers cross contains cell bodies of the cranial nerds (face and head nerves) |
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Cerebellum
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at the base of the skull
known for movement- balance and posture cognition-langage function |
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Pons
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anterior to the cerebellum in front of the medulla and cerebellum
role in movement of eyes and maintaining balance relay center from ear to the brain |
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Mid Brain
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integration or visual and auditory information
superior collicus (visual) iferior (auditory) |
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Brain Stem
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medulla, pons, midbrain
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Thalamus
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major relay station for sensory information (incoming)
motor information (outgoing) |
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hypothalamus
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beneath the thalamus
helps maintain a steady state- regulation |
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Diencephalon
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thalamus and hypothalamus
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basal ganglia
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motor control
(spiral like structure) includes caudate nucleus and putamen and globus pallidus helps control voluntary movement function together via excitatory and inhibitory connections |
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Limbic System
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memory formation and emotions includes:
amygdala, hypothalamus cingulate cortext anterior thalamus mammillary body and hippocampus |
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amygdala
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helps experience emotion in particular fear and aggression
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cingulate cortex
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sits above corpus callosum involved in pain perception
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mammillary body
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associated with amnesia
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hippocampus
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memory- long term memory.
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Cerebral cortex
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bumps and groves on the surface of the brain
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gyrus
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bumps
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sulcus
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valleys between bumps
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fissure
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deep sulcus 3 major ones
longitudinal fissure- separates L and R hemisphere central sulcus- divides the front from the back sylvian fissure- divides the frontal and parietal lobe |
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4 lobes of the brain
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frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital
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brodmanns areas
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parts of the cerebral cortex- divides brain into 6 cell layers that contribute to the cortex. each layer has a higher or lower density of cells
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Primary motor cortex
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in the frontal lobe
runs from the medial aspect to the lateral controls muscles |
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primary sensory cortex
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next to motor cortex
devoted to sensation of touch and sense of our body in space |
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Primary visual cortex
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in the occipital lobe
in the back of the brain |
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primary auditory cortex
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in the temporal lobe
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primary olfactory cortex
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positioned right next to frontal lobe
sense of smell |
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gustatory cortex
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cant see it from the surface
bellow the sylvain fissure sense of taste |
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Association areas
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area between all the cortex. process information that is not specific to just one sense
connects the senses and thinks about how we feel about it |
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Frontal lobe
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planning guidance, evaluation of behavior
if damaged- difficulty organizing behaviors to reach a goal and behavioral changes ex. phineas gage |
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parietal lobe
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integration of information across sensory modalities
damage: hemineglect ignoring one side of space |
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temporal lobe
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memory visual item recognition emotion and auditory processing
damage: recognizing common objects |
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neuropsychology
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study of brain behavior relationships
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4 major intelligence test
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WAIS- 18+
WISC- 6-16 WPPSI 2.5-7 |
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Domains of cognitive ability FSIQ domains
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VCI- similarities vocabulary comprehension
PRI-block design picture concepts PSI- coding symbol search WMI- digit span, letter number sequencing |
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Halastead Reitan Battery
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very common,
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