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448 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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AMAUROSIS
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partial or total blindness
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ANABOLIC
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constructive
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ANEURYSM
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a sac formed by the dilation of the walls of artery or vein and filled with blood
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ANGIOMA
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a tumor whose cells tend to form from blood or lymph vessels
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AMBLYOPIA
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loss of vision due to the disuse of the eye.
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ACETYLCHOLINE
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a chemical compound which is essential for the transmission of nerve impulses
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ACCOMODATION
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the adjustment by the eye seeing at different distances, by changing the shape of the crystalline lens through action of the ciliary muscle
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ANIRIDIA
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congenital absence of the iris
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ANISEIKONIA
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a condition in which the ocular image of an object differs between eyes in size or shape and cannot be fused into a single impression.
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ANISICORIA
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pupils are unequal in diameter
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ANKYLOBLEPHARON
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adhesion of upper and lower lids
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ANOPHTHALMIC
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absences of the eye
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ANOPHTHALMOS
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absence of a true eyeball
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ASTHENOPIA
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eye fatigue caused by tiring of the internal or external muscles
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ASTIGMATISM
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refractive error which prevents the light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina because of different degrees of refraction in the various meridians of the eye
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AQUEOUS HUMOR
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clear, watery fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers within the front part the eye.
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ATROPINE
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paralyzed parasympathetic nerve action. applied to the eye to paralyze the ciliary Muscle for accommodation and dilate the pupil
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AXON
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nerve fiber
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BENIGN |
a tumor which is not malignant unless in a vital organ |
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BINOCULAR VISION
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the ability to use the two eyes simultaneously to focus on the same object
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BIOMICROSCOPY
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microscopic examination of the cornea or lens with a slit lamp and corneal microscope
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BEDEWIMG CORNEAL
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an edematous condition of the epithelium, characterized by irregular reflection from a multitude of droplets.
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AUTOIMMUNE
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allergy to one's own tissue.
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BJERRUM SCREEN
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a tangent screen
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BLEPHARITIS
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inflammation of the margins of the eyelids
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BLEPHAROPHIMOSIS
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abnormally small palpebral fissure
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BLEPHAROSPASM
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tonic or clinic spasm of the orbicularis oxymoron muscle
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BLEPHAROCHALASIS
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loss of elasticity of the eyelid skin
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BLINDNESS
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20/200 or worse in best eye, or a field defect in which the widest diameters the vf subtends an angle no greater than 20 degrees.
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BULBAR
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referring to the eyeball
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BUPHTHALMOS
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infantile glaucoma which produces enlargement of eye
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CC
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cum correction, with correction
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CANAL OF SCHLEMM
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a circular Canal, at the juncture of the sclera and cornea through which the aqueous is eliminated after it has circulated between the lens and iris and the cornea and iris
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BLEPHAROPTOSIS
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drooping of the upper eye lid
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CANALICULUS
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passageway for drainage of tears from eyes to tear sac
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CANDLE
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unit of luminous intensity in the photometric system
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CANTHOTOMY
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surgical procedures lengthening opening between eyelids
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CANTHUS
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the angle at either end of the slit between the eyelids.
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CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITOR
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chemical compound, diamox, it suppresses the formations CAH and in the eye decreases the formation of aqueous humor
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CARUNCLE
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fleshy skin in the medial cantons area adjacent to the plica semilunaris
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CATABOLIC
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destructive metabolism
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CATARACT
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opaque lens/capsule with consequent loss of vision
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CATARACT TYPES
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Incipient - early
Mature - completely opaque Hypermature - solid/shrunken/soft liquid Congenital- before birth Senile - opacity in aged Traumatic - following an injury |
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CATARACT OPERATIVE PROCEDURES |
intracapsular, extracapsular, linear extraction, needling, |
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CHALAZION
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inflammatory enlargement of a meibomian gland in the eyelid
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CHEMOSIS
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severe edema of the conjunctiva
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CHIASM |
a nervous tissue structure of the brain formed by the junction and partial decussation of the topic nerves |
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CHOKED DISC
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swollen optic nerve
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CHORIORETINITIS
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inflammation of the choroid and retina
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CHOROID
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the vascular, intermediate coat which furnishes nourishment to the other parts of the eyeball
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CHOROIDITIS
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inflammation of the choroid
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CILIARY BODY
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portion of the vascular coat between the iris and the choroid
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COLOBAMA
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congenital cleft due to the failure of the eye to complete growth in the part affected
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COMPLIMENTARY COLORS
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two colors when mixed produce white
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CONCAVE LENS
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a lens that diverges rays of light, diverging, reducing, myopic, negative, minus lens
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CONE, RETINAL
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visual cells in the retina, sharpness and color
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RODS, RETINAL
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light receiving media for motion and night vision
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CONFORMER
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a device, placed in the socket after enucleation or evisceration of an eyeball, to preserve the shape of the fornices
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KERATOCONUS
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a conical protrusion of the cornea
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CONJUNCTIVA
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mucous membrane which lines the eyelids and covers the front part of the eyeball.
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CONJUNCTIVITIS
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inflammation if the mucous membrane of the eyelid or eyeball
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CONVERGENCE |
directing the visual axis of the two eyes to a near point |
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CONVEX LENS
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converging light rays to a focus, converging, magnifying, hypersonic, plus lens
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CORNEA
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clear, transparent, portion of the outer coat of the eyeball forming front of aqueous chamber
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CORTICOSTEROIDS
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cortisone derivatives
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CRYOSURGERY
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use of low temperature in surgery
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OPTIC CUP
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depression in the center of the optic disc or nerve
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CRYSTALLINE LENS
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a transparent body suspended between the aqueous and vitreous. it brings light to a focus on the retina
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CYCLITIS
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inflammation of the ciliary body
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CYCLOPLEGIA
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a drug that puts the ciliary muscle at rest and dilated the pupil
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CYLINDRICAL LENS
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a segment of a cylinder, the refractive power of which varies in different medians. used in the correction of astigmatism
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CYST
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a sac containing fluid
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CYTOMEGALIC INCLUSION DISEASE
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retinal viral inflammation
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DACROCYSTITIS
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inflammation of the lacrimal sac
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DACROCYSTECTOMY
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operation to removal the tear duct sac
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DACRYOCYSTOGRAM
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an xray photograph of the lacrimal apparatus of the eye made visible by radio opaques dyes
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DACRYOCYSTOHINOSTOMY
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operation to create a new tear duct for drainage directly into the nasal cavity
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DARK ADAPTATION |
the ability of the retina and pupil to adjust to dim light |
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DECOMPRESSION, ORBITAL
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surgical relief behind the eyeball, as in exophthalmos, by the removal of bone from the orbit
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DEGENERATION
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deterioration of an organ or a tissue resulting in diminished vitality
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DEMYELINIZING
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loss of protective myelin sheath of nervous tissue. eg ms
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DENSITOMETRY
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measurements of blood flow by determination of density of dyes introduced into the circulation
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DEPTH PERCEPTION |
the ability to perceive the solidity of an object and their relative position in space; also stereoscopic vision |
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DERMATO CONJUNCTIVITIS
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inflammation of the skin and the palpebra conjunctiva near the eyelid margin
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DETACHED RETINA
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complete or partial seperation of retina from choroid
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DIAL, ASTIGMATIC
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a chart or pattern used for determining the presence or the amount and meridonial orientation
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DIATHERMY
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coagulationof tissue by heat
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DIOPTER
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unit of measurement of strength or refractive power of lenses
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DIPLOPIA
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the seeing of one object as two
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DISC, OPTIC
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the optic nerve as it enters the eye
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DISCISSION
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needling of cataract to permit entrance of aqueous humor and ultimate absorption of lens
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DUCTION
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a stem word used with a prefix to describe the turning or rotationof the eye. ab out/ ad in
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DYSTROPHY
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abnormal or defective development; degeneration
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ECCHYMOSIS
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discoloration of skin due to extravasation of blood into tissue following injury
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ECTROPION
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an eversion or turning out of the eyelid
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EMMETROPIA
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the refractive condition of the normal eye.
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ENDOPHTHALMITIS
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inflammation of the internal tissues of the eye
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ENTROPION
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turning inward of the eye
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ENUCLEATION
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complete surgical removal of the eye
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EPISCLERA
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a loose fibrous structure on the outer surface of the sclera. it contains blood vessels.
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ERYSEPILAS
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an acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
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ESOTROPIA
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a manifest turning inward of the eye
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ETIOLOGY
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cause of a disease
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EVISCERATE
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to remove the contents of the eye
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EXENTERATE
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to remove the eye and all the contents of the orbit
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EXOPHORIA
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a tendency of the eye to turn outward
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EXOPHTHALMOS
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abnormal protrusion of the eye
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EXOTROPIA
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abnormal turning outward from the nose of one or both eyes
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EXTRACTION
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the surgical removal of the lens
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EXTRINSIC MUSCLES
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external muscles of the eye which moves the eye. each eye has 4 rectus and 2coblique muscles
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HYPEROPIA
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farsighted
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FIELD OF VISION
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the entire area which can be seen without shifting the eye
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FLARE, AQUEOUS
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tyndall effect, scattering of light directed into the AC as a result of increased protein, a sign of severe inflammation iris and or ciliary body
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FLASH BLINDNESS
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visual disturbance resulting from intense light source, eg atomic bomb blast
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FLOATERS
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small particles consisting of cells, pigmrnt or fibrin which move in the vitreous
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FLUORESCEIN
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a fluorescent yelow dye, used to detect corneal abnormalities or injected to study bloodvvessel pathology of the eye
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FOCUS
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point to which rays are converged after passing through a lens
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FORNIX
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a loose fold ofvthe conjunctiva, where that covering the eye meets the conjunctiva lining the eyelid
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FOVEA
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smal depression in the retina, the part of the macula adapted for most acute vision
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FUNDUS
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the inside of the eye, the retina/optic disc/blood vessels
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FUSION
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the power to make images from both eyes as one
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GENICULATE BODY
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a way station in the central nervous system for the transmission of visual impulses from the retina to the visual cortex of tge brain
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GLAUCOMA
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an ocular disease of increased IOP, that the eye can't withstand without damage to its structure, or impairment of its function.
Absolute: final stage, NLP Acute: sudden, painful, angle closure Congenitsl: developed by anomalies in tge region of the angle of the AC which presents an obstruction of the drainage mechanism of the intraocular fluids. Open Angle: the angle is open, usually hereditary, symptomless, slow erosion of the visual field |
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GLAUCOMA SURGERY PROCEDURES
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Basal iridectomy / iridenleisis / cornel-scleral trephine / peripheral iridectomy / cyclodialysis / goniopuncture / goniotomy
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GLIOMA
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malignant tumor of the retina or optic nerve
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GONIOSCOPE
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a magnifying device used w illumination to examin the angle of the AC
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GONORRHEAL OPHTHALMIA
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blinding rye disease of newborns, aquired in the birth canal
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GRANULOMA
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a nodule neoplasm which is benign in nature, and occurs as a result of a localized inflammation
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HEMATOMA
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swelling of the the tissues due to a large hemorrhage
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HEMIANOPSIA
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blindness in one half of one or both eyes
Altitudinal: upper or lower half of field Bitemporal: temporal halves of the visual fields of both eyes Homonymous: nasal half of field of one eye and the temporal of the other eye. |
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HERPES SIMPLEX
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an acute virus marked by groups of watery blisters of the skin and mucous membranes. most common cause of blindness due to corneal disease
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HERPES ZOSTER
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an acute inflammatory dusease affecting nerve tissue, shingles
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HETEROCHROMIA OF THE IRIS
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a difference between the two irides
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HETEROGRAFT
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transplant from one species, to another species
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HETEROPHORIA
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a consistent of the eye to deviatefrom the normal position for binocular fixation, counterbalanced by simultaneous fixation forced by muscular effort, priompted by the desire for singular binocular vision.
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HETEROTROPIA
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an obvious or manifest deviation of the vidual axis of an eye out of alignment with the other eye
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HISTOPLASMOSIS
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parasitic inflammation affecting an eye
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HOMOGRAFT |
tranplant from one species to the same species |
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HORDEOLUM OR STYE
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inflammation of an eyelid gland at the
lid margin |
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HYPEROPIA, HYPERMETROPIA
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a refractive error in which the point of focus falls behind the retina
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HYPERPHORIA
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a tendency for one eye to deviate upward, controllable by fixational efforts
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HYPERTROPIA
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a deviation of the eye upward and not controllable by fixational efforts
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HYPHEMA
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a hemorrhage in the anterior chamber of the eye
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HYPOPHYSECTOMY
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removal of pituitary gland
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HYPOPYON
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cells pooled below in the anterior chamber
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IDU
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antimetabolic chemical agent, iododesoxyruidine, antiviral
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INJECTION
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a term used to mean congestion of ciliary or conjunctival blood vessels, redness of the eye.
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IMPLANT
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an inert filler placed in the eye socket after surgical enucleation
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INFRA-RED HEAT SCANNING
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temperature sensitive techniques for diagnosis
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INTERSTITIAL KERATITIS
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infection of the middle layer of the cornea, disease.usually caused by transmission of syphilis from mother to unborn
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INTRACAPSULAR
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removal of the lens with the lens capsule intact
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INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE
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the pressure of the fluid within the eye
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IRIDECTOMY
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operation to remove iris tissue, peripheral-from its base, full- from its base to pupillary margin
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IRIDOCYCLITIS
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inflammation of the iris and ciliary body
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IRIS
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colored, circular membrane, suspended behind the cornea and in front of the lens. it regulates the amount of light entering the by changing the size of the pupil
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IRITIS |
inflammation of the iris. pain, photophobia, inflammation, contraction of the pupil, discoloration of the iris. causes - injury, syphilis, rheumatism, gonorrhea, tuberculosis, or other systemic disease |
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ISCHEMIC
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lacking in blood
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ISHIHARA COLOR PLATES
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a test for defects in recognizing color.
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JAEGER TEST |
a test for nesr vision, |
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KERATECTOMY
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removal of a portion of the cornea
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KERATITIS
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inflammation of the cornea, type by layer, interstitial,phlyctenular, sicca (dry)
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KERATOCONUS
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cone shape deformity of the cornea
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KERATOPATHY
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a non - inflammation disease of the cornea
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KERATOPLASTY |
see corneal graft |
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KERATOPROSTHESIS
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corneal implant usually plastic, artificial
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LACRIMAL GLAND |
a gland that secrets tears, it lies in the upper outer angle of the orbit |
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LACRIMAL SAC
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the dilated upper end of the lacrimal duct
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LACRIMATION
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production of tears
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LAGOPHTHALMOS
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a condition in which the lids cannot completely close
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LAMELLER KERATOPLASTY |
an operstion in which only the diseased layer of cornea is removed and a healthy donor cornea is sutured as a replacement |
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CRYSTALLINE LENS
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a transparent biconvex body situated between the posterior chamber and the vitreous, through which the light rays are focused on the retina
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LUXATED LENS
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when the lens is completely displaced from the pupillary aperature
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SUBLUXATED LENS
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when the lens is partially displaced but remains in the pupillary aperature
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LENTICULAR
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pertaining to or shaped like a lens
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LEUKOCORIA
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any pathological condition, such ascretrolental fibroplasia, which produces a white reflex in the pupillary area
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LEUKOMA
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a dense opacity of the lens
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LEVATOR MUSCLE
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raises the eyelid
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LIGHT ADAPTATION
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the power of the eye to adjust to light
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LIGHT PERCEPTION
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can distinguish between dark and light
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LIMBUS
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boundary between cornea and sclera
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MACROPHTHALMOS
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abnormally large eyeball, resulting chiefly from infantile glaucoma
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MACULA LUTEA
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small area that surrounds the fovea, yellow, distinct vision
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MARCUS GUNN PHENOMENON
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jaw winking type of ptosis
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MEGACORNEA
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abnormally large cornea
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MRGOPHTHALMOS
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abnormally large eyeball, resulting usually by infantile glaucoma
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MEIBOMIAN GLANDS
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subaceous glands of the eyelid
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MELANOMA |
a tumor rising from pigmented tissue (nevus) |
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MELANOSIS
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a condition of abnormal deposits of melanin or pigment
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MICRCORNEA
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abnormally small cornea
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MICROPHTHALMOS
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abnormally small eyeball
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MIOSIS
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reduction in the size of the pupil
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MIOTIC
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a drug that causes the pupil to contract
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MONOCULAR
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pertaining to one eye
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MUCOCELE
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a pathalogical swelling of a cavity due to an accumulatio of the mucoid material
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MUSCAE VOLITANTIS
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small floating spots entopically observed, due to embryonic remnants in the vitreous humor
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MYDRIASIS
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increase in pupil size
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MYDRIATIC
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a drug that dilates the pupil
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MYOKYMIA
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twitching of individual muscle bundles of the eyelid
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MYOPIA
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nearsightedness, a refractive error where the point of focus is in front of the retina.
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MYOPIC DEGENERATION
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a form of nearsightedness which may lead to blindness
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MYOTOMY
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surgical division of muscle fibers
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NEBULA
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a faint or slightly misty corneal apacity
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NEURITIS
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inflammation of a nerve or nerves
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NEUROBLASTOMA
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retinoblastoma, tumor of the retina
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NUCLEUS
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a central mass, portion or core
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NYSTAGMUS
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an involuntary oscillating, rapid movement of the eyeball, it may be lateral, vertical, rotary or mixed
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OCULOMOTOR
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pertaining to the movements of the eye
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OCULUS DEXTER
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right eye
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OCULUS SINISTER
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left eye
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OVULUS UTERQUE
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two eyes, both
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ONCHOCERCIASIS
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parasitic infection common in tropical areas
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OPACITY
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the condition of being opaque
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OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM
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an acute conjunctivitis of a newborn
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OPHTHALMODYNAMOMETRY
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measurement of the pressure in the eye
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OPHTHALMOPLEGIA
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paralysis of one or more ocular muscles
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OPHTHALMOSCOPE
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an instrument used in examining the interior of the eye
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OPHTHALMOSCOPY, DIRECT
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the observation of an upright view of the interior of the eye
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OPHTHALMOSCOPY, INDIRECT
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the observation of an inverted image of the interior of the eye
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OPTIC ATROPHY
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degeneration of the nerve tissue which carries messages from the retina to the brain
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OPTIC CHIASM
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the crossing of the fibersof the optic nerves on the lower surface of the brain
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OPTIC DISC
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head of the optic nerve in the eye
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OPTIC NEURITIS
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inflammation of the nerve
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OPTIC NERVE
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the special nerve of the sense of sight which carries messages from the retina to the brain
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ORA SERRATA
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the anterior border of the retina
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ORBICULARIS
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an eyelid muscle which closes the eye
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ORBIT
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the cavity in the skull which contains the eye
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PADDY KERATITIS
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corneal inflammation in rice field workers, unknown cause
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PALLOR OF DISC
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paleness of the optic nerve , suggesting atrophy
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PALPEBRAL
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pertaining to the eyelid
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PALPEBRAL FISSURE
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opening between the eyelid
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PALSY
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paralysis
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PANOPHTHALMITIS
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inflammation of the whole eye
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PANNUS
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invasion of the cornea by infiltration and formation of new blood vessels
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PAPILLEDEMA
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edema of the optic nerve head. "choked disc" when due to increased intracranial pressure
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PAPILLOMA
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a benign epithelial new growth
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PARACENTESIS
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surgical puncture of a cavity for the aspiration of fluid, e.g. aspiration of aqueous humor
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PARASYMPATHETIC
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the nerve system which, in the eye, acrtivates the pupillary constriction
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PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC
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a chemical agent that produces effects similar to those produced by stimulation of the parasympathetic nerves
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PARASIS
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incomplete or partial paralysis
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PATHOGENISIS
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sequence of abnormal events causing a disease
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PATHWAY, VISUAL
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the neural path of visual impulses
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PEMPHIGUS
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a progressive and often a fatal condition of blistering and scarring of the mucous membranes and the skin which can affect the eye
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PENETRATING
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with reference to corneal transplant means removing full thickness corneal segment from epithilium to endothelium
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PERIMETER
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an instrument for measuring the field of vision peripherally
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PERIORBITA
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the loose connective tissues within the orbit
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PERIPHLEBITIS |
IFLAMMATION OF THE TISSUES AROUND A VEIN |
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PHACO ANALPHYLAXIS |
HYPERSENSITIVITY TO THE PROTEIN OF THE CRYSTALLINE LENS |
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PHAKOMA |
A SMALL GRAYISH WHITE TUMOR IN THE RETINA |
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PHENOTHIAZINE |
A CHEMICAL COMPOUND FORMING THE BASE OF MANY TRANQUILIZERS |
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PHLYCTENULAR KERATITIS |
A KERATITIS CHARACTERIZED BY THE FORMATION OF PUSTULES OR PAPULES ON THE CORNEA OR CONJUNCTIVA, USUALLY OCCURS IN YOUNG CHILDREN AND MAY BE CAUSED BY POOR NUTRITION, ALLERGY OR TUBERCULOSIS. |
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PHORIA |
A ROOT WORD DENOTING A LATENT DEVIATION IN WHICH THE EYES HAVE A CONSTANT TENDENCY TO TURN FROM THE NORMAL POSITION FOR BINOCULAR VISION. USED WITH A PREFIX TO INDICATE DIRECTION. |
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PHOROPTER |
AN INSTRUMENT FOR DETERMINING THE REFRACTIVE STATE OF THE EYES. |
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PHOTOCOAGULATION |
PROCEDURES IN WHICH THERE IS INTENTIONAL BURNING BY STRONG LIGHT. TREATS VASCULAR DZ, TUMORS, DEGENERATIVE AREAS OF THE RETINA. |
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PHOTOPHOBIA |
ABNORMAL SENSITIVITY TO AND DISCOMFORT TO LIGHT |
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PHTHISIS BULBI |
SHRINKING, WASTING OF THE EYEBALL. |
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PIGMENT EPITHELIUM |
A LAYER OF CELLS IN THE RETINA CONTAINING PIGMENT GRANULES. |
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PILOCARPINE |
A DRUG THAT CSUSE THE PUPIL TO CONTRACT |
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PINGUECULA |
YELLOWISH THICKENING OF BULBAR CONJUNCTIVA, NASAL OR TRMPERAL TO THE CORNEA |
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PITUITARY ABLATION |
DESTRUCTIIN OF THE PITUITARY |
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POSTERIOR CHAMBER |
SPACE BETWEEN THE BACK OF THE IRIS AND THE FRONT OF THE LENS, FILLED WITH AQUEOUS. |
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PRESBYOPIA |
A GRADUAL LESSENING OF THE POWER OF ACCOMODATION DUE TO A PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGE WHICH BECOMES NOTICEABLE ABOUT THE AGE OF 40. |
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PRISM |
AN OPTICAL SYSTEM WHICH DEVIATES THE PATH OF LIGHT. |
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PROPTOSIS |
PROTRUSION OF THE EYE |
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PROSTHESIS |
THE REPLACEMENT OF A HUMAN EYE, BY AN ARTIFICIAL ONE. |
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PSUEDOCHROMATIC CHARTS |
CHARTS WITH COLOREDDOTS OF VARIOUS HUES AND SHADES INDICATING NUMBERS, LETTERS, AND PATTERNS, USED FOR TESTING COLOR DISCRIMINATION. |
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PTERYGIUM |
A TRIANGULAR FOLD OF GROWING MEMBRANE WHICH MAY EXTEND OVER THE CORNEA FROM THE WHITE OF THE EYE. |
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PTOSIS |
A DROOPING OF THE UPPER EYELID |
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PYROGENIC |
PRODUCING TEMPERATURE ELEVATION |
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PYROGENIC |
PRODUCING TEMPERATURE ELEVATION |
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QUADRATNOPSIA |
BLINDNESS OR LOSS OF VISION IN A QUARTER SECTOR OF ONE OR BOTH EYES. |
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QUADRATNOPSIA |
BLINDNESS OR LOSS OF VISION IN A QUARTER SECTOR OF ONE OR BOTH EYES. |
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RADIATION OPTIC |
A structure in the brain made up of nerve fibers from the retina |
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RECESSION |
Operation to sever eye muscle from its original insertion and reattach it more posteriorly on the sclera |
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RECTUS MUSCLE |
A muscle attached to the eyeball which controls eye movement. |
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REFLEX CORNEAL |
Blinking or winking in responsr to tactilestimulation of the cornea; reflection of light from the cornea. |
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REFLEX OCULO-CARDIAC |
A slowing of the rythm of the heart folowing compression of the eyes; if ocular compression produces acceleration of the heart, the reflex is called inverted. |
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REFLEX PUPILARY |
Constriction of the pupil when stimulated by the light or accomodation. |
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REFRACTION |
Deviation in the course of rays of light in passing from one transparent medium into another of different density. Determination of refractive errors of the eye and correctionby glasses. |
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REFRACTIVE ERROR |
A defect in the eyethat prevents light rays from being brought to a single focus exactly on the retina. |
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REFRACTIVE MEDIA |
The transparent parts of the eye having refractive power; cornea and lens. Thr aqueousand vitreous are transparent but contribute very little refractive power. |
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RESECTION |
Operation to remove a portion of a muscle and tendon to shorten it. Operation to remove a portion of sclera to shorten it. |
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RETINA |
Innermast coatof the eye, formed of sensitive nerve elements and connected with the optic nerve. |
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RETINAL CORRESPONDENCE |
Corresponding retinal areas in both eyes which perceive the same point in space simultaneously. |
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RETINAL DETACHMENT |
A seperation of the inner layer of the retina from the outer layer and the choroid. |
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RETINITIS |
Inflammation of the retina. |
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RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA |
A hereditary degeneration and atrophy of the retina. There is usually migration of pigment. |
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RETINBOBLASTOMA |
Malignant tumor involving the retina. |
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RETINO-CHOROIDITIS |
Inflammation of the retina and choroid. |
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RETINOPATHY |
A disease of the retina due to various causes; Diabetic - changes in tge retina due to diabetes mellitus; Hypertensive - a disease associated with essential or malignant hypertension. |
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RETINOPEXY |
Surgical reattachment of a detached retina. |
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RETINOSCOPE |
An instrument for determining the refractive state of the eye. |
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RETROBULBAR |
Behind the eyeball. Inflammation of the orbital portion of the optic nerve. |
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RETROLENTRAL FIBROPLASIA |
A diseaes of the retinal in the premature infant in which the retina is partially or completely detached and pulled forward against the posterior surface of the lens. |
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RUBEOSIS IRIDIS |
Condition characterized by the formation of vessels and connective tissue on thr surface of the iris. |
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S , SC (SINECORRECTION) |
Without correction, not wearing specs. |
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SAC |
A bag like structure. |
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SAC, CONJUNCTIVAL |
The dilated upper end of the nasolacrimal canal. |
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SARCOIDOSIS |
A disease of unknown cause affecting almost all systems of the body and frequently the eye. |
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SCHLEMMS CANAL |
A circular channel at the junction of the sclera and cornea through which the aqueous humor leaves the eye. |
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SCLERA |
The white part of the eye, a tough covering which, with the cornea, forms the external, protective coat of the eye. |
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SLERITIS |
Inflammation of the sclera. |
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SCLEROMALCIA |
Degenerative softening of the sclera. |
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SCOTOMA |
A blind area of reduced vision in the visual field. |
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SCREEN, TANGENT |
A large square of black cloth, stretched on a frame, and having a central mark for fixation used to map the field of vision. |
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SEGMENT ANTERIOR |
Referring to the front part of the eye. |
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SEPERATION OF RETINA |
Seperation of the retina from its pigment epithilium layer. |
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SIDEROSIS |
A deposit of iron in tissue. |
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SLIT LAMP |
A narrow beam of strong light; often used with a corneal microscope for examination of the front part of the eye. |
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SPASM LID |
Blepharospasm, a sudden violent, involuntary contraction of tge eyelid, attended by pain. |
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SPECTRUM, VISIBLE |
That portion of the entire spectrum which contains wave lengths capable of stimulating the retina. |
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SPHERICAL LENS |
Segment of a sphere, refracting rays of light equally in all meridians. |
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STAPHYLOMA |
A bulging or protrusion of the cornea or sclera. |
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STEREOSCOPIC VISION |
Depth perception |
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STRABISMUS |
Failure of the two eyes simultaneously to direct their gaze at the same object because of muscle imbalance. May be convergent, divergent, slternating or vertical. |
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STYE |
Acute inflammation of a sebaceous gland in the margin of the eyelid. |
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SUBLUXATION OF THE LENS |
Incomplete dislocation of the crystalline lens. |
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SYMBLEPHARON |
Adhesions of conjunctiva of eyelid conjunctiva of globe. |
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SYMPATHETIC OPHTHALMITIS |
Inflammation of one eye due to inflammation in the other eye, without infection. |
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SYNECHIA |
Adhesion, usually of the iris to cornea (antetior) or to len ( posterior) |
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SYNDROME |
A set of symptoms which occur together, a symptom complex. |
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TANGENT SCREEN |
Tests central vision |
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TARSAL PLATE |
The framework of connective tissue which gives shape to the eyelid. |
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TARSORRHAPHY |
Suturing together of all or part of eyelids. |
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TEAR FILM |
Microscopic film which constantly bathes the cornea |
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TEMPORAL |
Pertaining to the lateral region of the head. |
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TENON'S CAPSULE |
Membranous tissue which envelopes the whole eyeball except the cornea. |
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TONOGRAPHY |
The determination of the outflow of aqueous humor under the continous pressure exerted by a weight of tonometer over 4 - 5 minute period. |
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TONOMETER |
An instrument for measuring the pressure of the eye. |
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TOXOPLASMOSIS |
Infection with ,or a condition produced by the presence of, organisms of the toxoplasma gondi. |
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TPI |
Treponema pallidum immobilization test for detection of syphilis. |
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TRACHOMA |
A form of infection of the conjunctiva snd cornea caused by a specific virus which in the chronic form produces severe scarring of the eyelids. |
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TRANSILLUMINATION |
Passage of light through body tissues for purposes of examination. |
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TREPHINiNG |
Removal of a circular button or disc of tissue |
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TRICHIASIS |
Inversion of the eyelashes resulting in impingement on the eyeball and subsequent irritation. |
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TROCHLEA |
A ring like structure of fibrocartilage attached to the frontal bone through which passes the tendon of the superior oblique muscle. |
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TROPIA |
A root wird denoting an obvious deviation from normal of the axis of the eye (strabismus) used with a prefix to denote the type of strabismus, as hypertropia, esotropia, exotropia. |
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ULCER, CORNEAL |
Pathological loss of substance of the surface of the cornea due to progressive erosion and necrosis of the tissue. |
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UVEA |
Entire vascular coat of the eyeball. It consists of the iris, cilliary body, and choroid. |
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VISION, CENTRAL |
That which is elicited by stimuli impinging on the macula. |
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VISION, PERIPHERAL |
That which is elicited by stimuli falling on areas of the retina distant from the macula. |
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VISION, PHOTOPIC |
Vision attributed to cone function characterized by the ability to discriminate colors and small details, daylight vision. |
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VISION, SCOTOPIC |
Vision attributed to rod function characterized by the lack of ability to discrimate colors and small detail; daylight vision. |
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VISUAL AXIS |
The line of gaze |
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VISUAL CORTEX |
Final station of visual impulses in the brain, sensory area of brain responsible for vision. |
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VISUAL FIELD |
The area of physical space visible to an eye in a given position. |
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VISUAL PURPLE |
A pigment in the outer layers of the retina, a photochemical substance mediating light into nerve impulses. |
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VISUSCOPE |
An instrument designed to determine the type of monocular fixation in amblyopia. |
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VITREOUS |
Transparent material filling the eye behind the lens. |
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XANTHELASMA (XANTHOMA) |
Small yellowish tumors of the eyelids usually occuring in ederly persons or those with high cholesterol in their blood system. |
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XANTHOPSIA |
A condition in which all objects appear tinged with yellow |
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XEROPHTHALMIA |
Conjunctivitis with atrophyand no liquid discharge; produces a dry, lusterless condition of the eyeball. |
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XEROSIS |
A conditiin of dryness of the conjunctiva due to the failure of its own secretory activity or lack of tears. |
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ZONULE OF ZINN |
The suspensory apparatus of the lens. |
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ZONULYSIS |
Dissolving of the zonules of the lens by an enzyme instilled into aqueous humor to facilitate surgical removal of the crystalline lens. |
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PRINCE RULE |
Used to measure near point of accomodation and bifocal add power. |
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PRENTICES RULE |
Formula to calculate induced prismatic effect. Prism induced = Lens Power D x Optical centet displacement cm. IP=12Dx.50 (6) |
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AMPLITUDE OF ACCOMODATION |
Tge lens change in Diopters from a state of no accomodation to maximum accommodation. |
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INDEX OF REFRACTION |
Speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a given substance. IR water=1.0 crown glass=1.517 |
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SNELLS LAW |
Whether the refracted light will be bent toward the normal or away from it. |
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FOCAL LENGTH |
P=1/f meters 3D lens=1/f 3f=1 f meters=1/3 or 33cm |
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CSM |
Central/Steady/Maintained |
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FARNSWORTH COLOR TEST D-15 |
1 fixed 15 movable multicolored caps. close box and turn over to score on sheet. Record cap #s, if a circle patter, normal. Color defect shown by angle of pattern, 2 crisscrosses is a moderate defect. |
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INFANT VA RECORDED AS? |
Fix and Follow |
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1st recognizable letters in children |
HTOV |
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PREFERENTIAL LOOKING TEST |
Teller aquity cards. Nonverbal patients. Cards with a hole, black squares and black with stripes. Normal vision looks at the stripes. |
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FARNSWORTH-MUNSELL HUE 100 COLOR TEST |
85 caps in 4 trays. Error score from each cap is calculated on score sheet, then add. Time consuming, but detaied, easy to transport. Checks color defects for plaquenil, glaucoma, cone dystrophy. 1 fixed cap, arrange to form a regular hue. Scramble each tray. Spikes of test pattern poinrs to wave of most discrimination. Color depends on hue, saturation, inrensity. |
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What colors are the photo sensitive pigments of the eye sensitive to? |
Red green blue |
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Hereditary color defects are ____ linked? |
X |
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Aquired color defect |
Check each eye individually |
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Base curve tolerance |
0.75 |
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GENEVA LENS CLOCK |
Reads the base curve of a lens. Made for crown glass. On a flat surface the hand reads 0. Black # convex side, red #s concave . Front + back surface = power of lens. |
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BIOMETRY |
Measurement of living tissue. |
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Neutralizing lens powers with a straightedge |
Plus shows against motion, use minus lens, minus shows with motion, use plus lens. |
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A SCAN |
AMPLITUDE SCAN. measurement of soundwaves. Ave of an eye 23-24. 1 mm error results in a 3D error. Gain is sensitivity. |
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EXOPHTHAMOTERY |
Ocular protrusion, |
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MARCUS GUNN PUPIL |
Optic nerve problem |
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ARGYLL ROBERTSON PUPILS |
Associated with syphilis. Lack of response to direct or consensual light. |
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HORNERS SYNDROME |
Identified by ptosis, miosis, and anhydrosis |
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IRITIS PUPILS |
Smaller |
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ANGLE CLOSURE GLAUCOMA PUPIL |
Larger |
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ADIES PUPIL |
Mydriasis, doesnt constrict to light, damage to the postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic innervation of the eye, caused by a bacterial or viral infection. |
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ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH |
Check with a pen light from the side, no shadow is normal, a bowed or bunched up angle will cast a shadow across the angle, on the iris. When checking with the slit lamp, a dark interval 1/4 of the total corneal width is normal. |
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MIOTICS |
Drops that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system causing the pupil of the eye to become smaller. Miotics can cause iris cysts. |
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DIAMOX |
Acetazolamide . Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Anhydrase ia a protein in the body. Used for glaucoma and altitude sickness. Sulfa based drug. |
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Steroid use |
Increase iop, accelerated growth of certain organisms, slow wound healing. |
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AIDS : KAPOSIS SARCOMA |
Small raised tumors on lids and conjunctiva |
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AIDS IS MOST SUSCEPTABLE TO WHAT VIRUS |
HSK |
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POLARISCOPE |
Yhe determinstion of optic character. Glass safety lens is identified by a cross. |
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GLASS SAFETY LENS SHATTER BY |
Crumbling |
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BEST IMPACT RESISTANT LENSESARE TREATED BY |
Chemically |
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PLASTIC SAFETY LENS |
Z87.1 1989 |
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BLOOMED LENSES |
Decrease light transmission, optical equipment. In an indirect. |
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APHASIA |
Lack of speech |
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SCHIOTZ MEASURES IOP BY |
Indentation. Measurement is converted of mm of mercury by use of a graph. Weights are not interchangeable. High iop = low iop. Indentation displaces aqueous humor. Younger has higher elasticity, false lowrr iop. Barrel cleaned with pipe cleaner, alcohol, plunger reinserted with tissue. |
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STERILIZE |
1) 10 min. 3%peroxide 2) UV sterilizer 3) 10 min. 1:10 bleach 4) flame or burner |
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DIRECT HEAD SET |
Set on zero, no lenses. If vertical alignment is off, needs a professional. Flat mirror can be vleaned with alens wipe with ethet or alcohol. |
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CEANING CAMERA LENS |
Blow, brush, wipe |
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APPLANATION TONOMETER |
Calibrate with bar. Acceptable head movement is 0.05-0.1 g |
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TRANSILLUMINATOR |
Muscle light |
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OPHTHALMODYNANOMETER |
Measures blood pressure in the carotid artery |
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SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS |
Lubricate after every 5th use. |
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DRY HEAT AUTOCLAVE |
320 for 1 hr |
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COLD CHEMICAL BATH STERILIZATION |
1) ethyl alcohol 70% 2) formaldehyde 3) phenol derivatives |
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ASCAN |
Dimensional amplitude scan. Measured by sound waves ave ascan 23-24. 1mm of error = 3D refractive error. |
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GENEVA LENS CLOCK |
Measues the bc of lens. Black #s-convex side. Red #s-concsve. Front + back= dioptric power of lens |
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BIOMETRY |
Measurement of living tissue |
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ARGYLL ROBERTSON PUPIL |
Syphilis |
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OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM |
Gonorrhea |
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PSUEDOMONAS AERUGINOSA |
Bacteria in drops |
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EKC |
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis |
Viral, contagious, shipyard eye |
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TRACHOMA |
Bacterial infection from chlamydia. Scarring of lids, conjunctiva, cornea |
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Hordeolum |
Infected lash follicle |
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CHALAZION |
Infected meibomian gland |
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ACID |
Causes surface burns |
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BASE CHEMICALS |
Ammonia, bonds to fats, penetrates deeper. |
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MiLIA |
Skin tag |
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ANGLE CLOSURE |
Dilated pupil, pain,nausea,blurred vision |
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IRITIS, UVEITIS |
Smaller pupil |
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BUPHYHALMOS |
Ox eye, infant with glaucoma, cornea takes up most of the palpebral fissure |
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EPICANTGAL FOLD |
Vertical fold, in the skin, nasal. Asian |
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METER=FEET |
1M = 3 1/2 Ft. |
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LBS=KG |
Lbs. X 0.45 = Kg |
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LBS=KG |
Lbs. X 0.45 = Kg |
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CM=INCHES |
Cm ÷ 2.5 = Inches |
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STERILIZATION |
Destroys bacrerial spoes on inanimate objects |
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DISINFECTION |
Destroys and inhibits microrganisms on any surface |
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TELLER AQUITY CARDS |
Nonverbal bpatient. Gray squares c black stripes |
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NAGEL ANOMALSCOPE |
Color test. Dichromats, matches all red green mixtures. vs trichromats, dont accept the normal march. Tritans -confuse violet blue-greenish yellow Protons- confuse red-bluegreen. Deitons- green, reddish purple confusion. |
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ISHIHARA PLATES |
Red/green deficiencies. Psuedoisochromatic plates |
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FARNSWORTH D-15 |
Color arrangement test. 15 plates, arrange in the correct order |
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PREFERENTIAL LOOKING TEST |
Infants test cards with a gray circle and one with sripes |
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RUBEOSIS IRIDIS |
New abnormal blood vessels in the iris. Oxygen deprived retina, ischaemic. Can cause neovascular glaucoma, if grows into the angle. |
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HPI OPQRST |
History of present illness: OPQRST are components Onset - Palliative/Provacative factors - Quality description - Region/Radiation - Severity - Timing |
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CONTEXTUAL TERMS OF A HPI |
Acute- Short duration, high severity, Constant, Chronic, Episodic, Exertional, Intermittent, Intractable (difficult to manage), Paroxysmal ( occurs in sudden,severe,recurring episodes), Positional, Recurrent, waxing & Waning (fluctuate but continue presence) |
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ABX |
Antibiotics |
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A&O |
Alert and oriented |
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BS |
Bowel sounds |
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CP |
chest pains |
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CTA |
Clear to auscultation |
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C/W |
Consistent with |
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Ddx |
Differential diagnosis |
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D/T |
Due to |
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EBL |
Estimated blood loss |
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Lateral rectus muscle |
Rotates eye outward, abduction |
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Superior rectus muscle |
Rotates eye upward |
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Inferior rectus muscle |
Rotates eye downward |
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Superior oblique |
Rotates the eye downward and out |
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Inferior oblique muscle |
Rotates the eye upward and in |
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