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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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9 components of the ophthalmic history
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chief complaint present illness past ocular history ocular medications general medical/surgical history systemic medications allergies family and social history |
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what is the proper response to a patient's request from the technician for medical advice/diagnosis?
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refer them to the ophthalmologist
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what is the term used for the reason for the patient's visit?
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chief complaint
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what elements are important when taking the social history?
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smoking, alcohol, drug use |
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prior use of topical ocular pharmaceutical agents is part of a patient's .....
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past ocular history
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what is the term for the spasmodic, rhythmic dilating/contracting pupillary movements during pupil function testing?
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hippus
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which muscle of the iris constricts in bright light?
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sphincter
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what is pupil dilation called?
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mydriasis
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what is the term used when there is a difference in pupil size?
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anisocoria
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what is pupillometry?
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measurement of pupillary diameters
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How often should the applanation tonometer be calibrated?
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2 months (or sooner with regular use) |
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when cleaning the goniolens, what is used to rinse off the methycellulose?
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warm running water
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when replacing a light bulb, what can diminish its effectiveness and life?
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oil from fingers
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what can you use to sterilize diagnostic lenses that contact the eye?
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ethylene oxide gas
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how should you clean the removable glass slides inside the American optical acuity projector?
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wipe with clean, soft lint-free towel or photographic lens paper
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what can you use to clean the mirror of the slit lamp?
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a lint-free cloth lens brush blast of air |
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what accessories are used to check calibration of an ophthalmometer/keratometer?
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3 test balls made of steel aka "Lensco Meter" |
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what should be used to clean the accessible lenses of a phoropter?
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photographic lens cleaner and lens tissue
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what size letter are used to calibrate visual acuity projectors?
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20/200
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what is the name of the instrument used to neutralize lenses?
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lensometer
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how much prism does each black ring in the lensometer measure?
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1 diopter for each ring
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what is the technique used to measure the radius of curvature of the anterior corneal surface?
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A-Scan keratometry length measurements
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what device is used for keratometry
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keratometer ophthalmometer |
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3 examples where keratometry measurements are useful
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contact lens fitting refractive surgery intra ocular lens calculations keratoconus |
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what is keratometry measured in? |
diopters
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how much of an error will an unfocused eye piece make?
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1 diopter in the K reading
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what is the average K reading?
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43 to 44 diopters
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How much of the anterior curvature of the cornea does keratometry measure?
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central 3.3 mm
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What instrument is used to determine the posterior surface radius of curvature of a RGP?
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radiuscope contacto guage |
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3 reasons you would dispense a therapeutic bandage contact lens
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protect cornea from lids/lashes promote corneal healing provide comfort stop wound leaks improve vision for drug delivery |
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overwear of contact lenses can result in insufficient oxygen to the cornea called ......
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hypoxia ophthalmia
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what are ethics?
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moral principles/values that govern individual behavior
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what must ophthalmic med. assts. abide by?
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the laws of the state in which their employer practices and under the services of a licenses ophthalmologist
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what should an ophthalmic practice have in place to meet legal compliance?
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a compliance officer, policies and procedures
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what is HIPAA?
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health insurance portability and accountability act
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what does HIPAA protect?
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dissemination of specific patient information
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what is coding?
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application of numerical designations for medical diagnosis, procedures and services
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what is the assessment of the use of services by a practice institution, clinic, or individual physician?
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utilization review
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What is ICD-9-CM?
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international classification of diseases, 9th revision, clinical modification
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name 3 common causes of eye infections
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bacterial viral fungal |
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what is used to determine sensitivity of organisms to certain drugs so that effective therapy can be carried out?
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cultures
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what is a major factor in contracting Acanthamoeba?
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contact lens wear
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what drug will contract the iris sphincter?
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miotic
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what is the main disadvantage of an ophthalmic solution?
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frequent instillation due to short duration of contact with the eye |
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how can you prevent drainage of topical drops from the eye?
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punctal occlusion
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what meds are used as topical anesthetics?
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proparacaine tetracaine |
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what is the color of prostaglandins bottle caps
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teal
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a true allergic reaction can involve what symptoms?
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itching rash difficulty breathing weak/rapid pulse |
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5 basic requirements for ophthalmic preparations? |
tolerance tonicity sterility stability penetration |
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what is benzalkonium chloride?
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preservative commonly used in ophthalmic preparations
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what is the name of the most notorious organism found in ophthalmic preparations?
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
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how should drops be properly instilled into a patient's eyes?
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into the lower cul de sac
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how are systemic meds given?
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orally injection (subcutaneous/intramuscular) intravenously |
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what does idiosyncrasy refer to with ophthalmic drugs?
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a bizarre/peculiar reaction to a drug not commonly seen (tremors, excitability, collapse)
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what drug classification is contraindicated in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease or cardiovascular disease?
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beta blockers
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what are symptoms of an allergic reaction to a topical drug?
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edema of lids redness scaliness vesicle formation oozing |
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what are some side effects of ling-term use of steroid drops?
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rise in IOP cataracts decreased wound healing decreased resistance to infection |
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nystagmus indicates a problem with?
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Brain NOT MUSCLES |
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what are the parallel movements of the eyes from 1 gaze to another?
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versions
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what is the movement of 1 eye called?
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duction
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versions and ductions are tested by using 6 cardinal positions to test the 6 pairs of what muscles?
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yoke
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with a cover test, if the eye under the cover moves when uncovered, this is a ....
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phoria latent deviation |
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what is the name for the range of procedures used to prevent spread of infectious microbes?
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aseptic technique
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what is the most popular injected anesthetic for minor procedures?
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lidocaine
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how often should time remaining be announced during a PRK?
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10 seconds
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what is the organism most destructive to the eye?
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pseudomonas aeruginosa
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what procedure using an Argon Laser is thought to destroy areas of ischemic retina?
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panretinal photocoagulation panretinal laser |
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what procedure uses probes, syringe, lacrimal needle and punctum dilator?
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lacrimal probing and irrigation
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what are the 2 common facial nerve blocks?
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Van Lint O'Brien technique |
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what intraocular injection infiltrates the soft tissue of the globe, rather than the muscle cone itself?
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peribulbar anesthesia
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what is the most important step in successful LASIK?
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care and preparation of the microkeratome
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what virus can cause a dendritic pattern of keratitis?
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herpes simplex
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what endocrine disease cause increased thirst, excessive urination, increased hunger and weight loss?
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diabetes insipidus
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why are alkali burns more serious than acid burns on the cornea?
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alkali burns penetrate deeper
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variability in the functions of levator and extraocular muscle can mean which disease?
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myasthenia gravis
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what is a blockage of the central retinal artery by an embolus, which stops blood flow and causes acute loss of vision and a cherry red spot in the retina?
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central retina artery occlusion
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what does the aqueous drain out of the eye through?
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trabecular meshwork
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how should tape be applied for pressure patching or a shield?
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bridge of nose to earlobe
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what is the minimum thickness of safety lenses?
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3.00 mm
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what type of hemorrhage in confined to the anterior chamber?
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hyphema
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which layer of the cornea is the thickest?
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stroma
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what is sudden painless vision loss, which may continue over a few days, and may not be recovered?
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ischemic optic neuropathy
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retinal receptors that function best in dim light, number about 125 million and are found in the periphery of the retina
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rod
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retinal receptors that are for color vision, number about 6 million and are found in the macula
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cone
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what does specular photomicrography evaluate?
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endothelial surface of cornea
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what documents the posterior segment of the eye?
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fundus photography
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what creates 3 dimensional digital images of the optic nerve and retina?
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tomography
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what are the 3 most common tomographic image devices?
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OCT - optical coherence tomography HRT - Heidelberg retinal tomography GDx scanner laser polorimeter |
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what does computer assisted corneal topography help diagnose early?
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keratoconus
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todays computer assisted corneal topography systems are based on data from .....
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a reflected placido disc image
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what doesn't appear on a MRI?
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bone
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what is the name of the test to determine the correct myopic correction using red/green filter?
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duochrome test
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what is another reference point for refracting a patient that has poor retinoscopy reflex?
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keratometry
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what is the distance from the back of the lens to the front of the eye called?
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vertex
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what measures the radius of curvature (base curve) of a lens surface in diopters?
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Geneva lens clock
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what does A-scan biometry measure?
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distance between internal ocular surfaces
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what is the chief use of A-scan biometry?
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to measure the axial length of the eye
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