Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
In the CNS, there are many smaller and varied _____________ responses
|
postsynaptic
|
|
Classical neurotransmitters are small molecular weights and capable of being produced within the ________
|
axon terminal
|
|
Ach to autonomic efferents to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands where it acts on ________ receptors
|
muscarinic receptors
|
|
Synapses with Ach as transmitters are _______ synapses
|
cholinergic
|
|
Biogenic amine nts
|
NE, DA, Serotonin, histamine
synapses are adrenergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic. |
|
Amino acids or their derivatives nts
|
glutamate, glycine, GABA
|
|
the most abundant excitatory transmitter in the CNS is
|
glutamate
|
|
Both _____ and ______ are inhibitory transmitters
|
glycine, and GABA
|
|
Purine nts
|
adenosine, ATP
|
|
Gas that can be enzymatically generated and has transmitter like effects both postsynaptically and presynaptically.
|
Nitric oxide
|
|
larger molecular weight transmitters which are produced with in the neuron soma and transported to the axon terminal by axonal transport.
|
neuropeptides
|
|
neuropeptides
|
substance P, VIP, beta endorphin, opioids
|
|
peptides which bind to _____ receptors and are involved in regulation of pain information. e.g. endorphin and enkephalin
|
opioids, opiate receptors
|
|
more than one transmitter per synapse
|
cotransmitters
|
|
peptide cotransmitters usually modify the __________ effect of the classic transmitters by_______ or _______
|
postsynaptic, magnifying, attenuating
|
|
Transmitter reuptake is an active process in the ________ or ________
|
presynaptic membrane, nearby glia cells
|
|
peptide transmitters are produced in the soma and are not ______
|
transported back into the terminal by uptake pump.
|
|
ESPS is a localized subthreshold depolarization of the ___________ which increases the ________ an AP will occur
|
postsynaptic membrane, liklihood
|
|
ESPS use _________ regulated channels
|
chemically
|
|
The ____ and ______ of most neurons produce no APs
|
soma and dendrites
|
|
postsynaptic potentials of the receiving areas are not conducted like action potentials but instead uses
|
electrotonic spread (decrements)
|
|
decreases the liklihood that a postsynaptic AP will occur
|
ISPS (GRADED HYPERPOLARIZATION)
|
|
ISPS Ek and Ecl
|
Ek = -90 or less
Ecl = variable but near resting potential |
|
Inhibitory ISPS that increases K conductance
|
GABA b receptor
|
|
Inhibitory ISPS that increases Cl- conductance
|
GABA a recptor
|
|
Glycine inhibits by increasing ______ cunductance
|
Cl-
|
|
Renshaw cell
|
Inhibits alpha motor neurons by an efferent reflex mechanism
|
|
_______ postsynaptic synapses tend to be closer to axon hillock, and have a greater effect than most excitatory synapses
|
ISPS
|
|
Chemically gated direct ligand channels
|
Ionotropic
|
|
Ionotropic nicotinic receptors opens a _______ selective channel at the NMJ
|
CATION
|
|
Indirect ligand (2nd messengers) coupled channels
|
metabotropic
|
|
2nd transmitter coupled ion channel on cardiac nodal cells which open ______ channels to hyperpolarize these cells and _____ the heart rate
|
muscarinic, K, slow
|
|
muscarinic receptors in the heart may also decrease ______ conductance
|
calcium conductance
|
|
_______ transmitters may act on multiple types of channels
|
second
|
|
Not all signaling potentials are brought about by increasing ion conductances
|
TRUE
|
|
The NMJ is a 1:1 synapse due to (3)
|
1. large branched presynaptic terminal
2. many postsynaptic receptors 3. large endplate potential, 60mV |
|
The most common type of chemical synapse in the CNS and requires ________ to bring about postsynaptic APs
|
many to one synapse, summation
|
|
small CNS neurons may produce a burst of AP following input from a single presynaptic neuron
|
one to many synapse
|
|
Synaptic facilitation occurs when the postsynaptic responses are increased in _________ thus magnifying the effect
|
amplitude
|
|
_____ synaptic effects are responsible for most synaptic facilitation
|
presynaptic
|
|
Post tetanic poentiation characteristics
|
greater transmitter release and first step in short term memory
|
|
In some synapses high frequency stimulation (tetanic) can produce facilitation that lasts for ____
|
hours
|
|
receptors on the presynaptic terminal membrane can respond to transmitters released by the same terminal
|
autoinhibition or auto facilitation
|
|
NE autoinhibition receptor
|
alpha 2 on presynaptic membrane
|
|
cross talk between synapses example
|
Ach inhibits NE release at some synapses
|
|
Pain afferents may be presynaptically inhibited by
|
opiates
|
|
CNS depression and coma
|
acidosis
|
|
CNS excitation, hyperactivity, and convulsions
|
alkalosis
|
|
CNS depression, confusion, and coma
|
hypoxia
|
|
beta blocker is an
|
antagonist
|
|
Can have many varicosity synapses or discrete synapses
|
NE autonomics
|