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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Gram stain of Group B streptococcus
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gram positive cocus
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MCC of neonatal meningitis
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Group B streptococcus
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2nd MCC of neonatal meningitis
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E. coli
Gram negative rod |
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gram stain of E. coli
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gram negative rod
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pathogen found in soft cheese and hot dogs that is a culprit of neonatal meningitis
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Listeria monocytogenes
Gram positive rod |
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gram stain of Listeria monocytogenes
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gram positive rod
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gram stain of Niesseria meningitidis
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Gram negative diplococcus
located in posterior pharynx |
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MCC of meningitis in those between 1-18 years of age
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Niesseria menigitidis
gram negative diplococcus |
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MCC of meningitis in those > 18 years of age
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Streptococcus pneumonia
gram positive diplococcus |
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Gram stain of MCC of meningitis in 18+
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Gram positive diplococcus
Streptococcus pneumonia |
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Tabes dorsalis
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type of neurosyphilis
involves posterior root ganglia and posterior columns causes ataxia, loss of vibration sense, absent DTRs Argyll-Robertson pupil |
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Most common fungal infection in AIDS
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Cryptococcus neoformans
- budding yeasts visible in India ink |
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Occurs in DKA
causes frontal lobe abscess spreads from frontal sinuses |
Mucor species
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Protozoa infection that involves the frontal lobes, contracted by swimming in freshwater lakes
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Nagleria fowleri
- meningoencephalitis |
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Winterbottoms sign
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Trypansosomes invade blood and lymphatics early in the disease > initial drainage into posterior cervical lymph nodes producing lymphadenopathy
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MCC of death in Trypanosoma gambiense infection
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starvation
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Disease caused by Taenia solium
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Cysticercosis
- helminth/tapeword: cestode - patient ingest food or water contaminated with eggs - eggs develop into larval forms that invade the brain producing calcified cysts causing seizures; hydrocephalus |
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Toxoplasma gondii
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causes encephalitis
most common CNS space occupying lesion in AIDS ring enhancing lesions on CT Congenital toxoplasmosis produces basal ganglia calcification |
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Ulnar nerve roots
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C8-T1
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a patient has fractured the medial epicondyle of their right arm. What is at risk for being damaged?
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Ulnar nerve
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Ulnar nerve damage produces what findings?
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produces claw hand (loss of interosseous muscles)
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Radial nerve roots
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C5-T1
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what type of fracture would endanger the radial nerve?
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mid-shaft fracture of the humerus
draping the arm over a park bench |
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your patient has wrist drop. what nerve have they damaged?
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radial nerve
C5-T1 |
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Axillary nerve roots
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C5-C6
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What type of injuries produces axillary nerve damage?
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fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus
anterior dislocations of the shoulder joint |
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Clinical findings in a patient with axillary nerve damage?
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cannot abduct their arm to horizontal position or hold at horizontal position when a downward force is applied to the arm
> paralysis of deltoid muscle |
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Meidan nerve roots
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C6-T1
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common peroneal nerve roots
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L4-S2
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most deficits in common peroneal nerve injury
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loss of foot eversion due to weakening of peroneus longus and brevis muscles
loss of foot dorsiflexion due to weakening of the tibialis anterior muscles produces slapping gait/high stepping gait loss of toe extension due to weakening of extensor digitorum longus and hallucis longus muscles - plantar flexion with foot drop and inversion of the foot |
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Erb Duchenne's palsy
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brachial plexus lesion involving C5-C6
Waiter's tip deformity |
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Arcus senilis
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most often occurs in elderly
Gray-opaque at the CORNEAL margin (periphery) cholesterol deposits in corneal stroma may indicate hypercholestrolemia |
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Ophthalmia neonatorum
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Conjuctivitis in newborn
Pathogenesis: Neisseria gonorhoaea (first week) Chlamydia trachomatis (second week) |
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Bacterial conjunctivitis
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Purulent conjunctivitis
PAIN with NO blurry vision cause: S. aureus, S. pneumonia, H. influenza |
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Viral Conjunctivitis
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Watery exudates
Adenovirus: viral cause of pink eye, preauricular lymphadenopathy HSV-1: keratoconjunctivitis with denderitic ulcers noted with fluroescein staining |
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Allergic Conjunctivitis
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seasonal itching of eyes
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Acanthamoeba infections
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severe keratoconjunctivitis in patients who do NOT clean their contact lenses properly
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Stye
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infection of the eyelid most commonly due to S. aureus
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Chalazion
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Granulomatous inflammation involving the meibomian gland in the eyelid
usually disappear on their own within 2 months |
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Orbital cellulitis
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periorbital redness and swelling that is often secondary to sinusitis
Pathogens: S. pneumonia, H. influenza CF: fever, proptosis, periorbital swelling, ophthalmoplegia, normal retinal examination |
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Orbital fractures
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most often associated with blunt trauma to the eye that produces an orbital floor fracture
often associated with edema and ecchymoses of the eyelids and periorbital region vertical diplopia, prolapse of orbital contents into maxillary sinus, damage to infraorbital nerve may occur in severe fracture |
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Pterygium
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actinic damage
(Farmers/sailors) raised triangular encroachment of thickened conjunctiva on the NASAL side of the conjunctiva may grow onto cornea Due to excessive exposure to wind, sun, and sand |
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Pinguecula
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yellow white conjunctival degeneration at the junction of cornea and sclera on the temporal side of the conjunctiva
Does not grow onto the cornea |
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optic neuritis
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inflammation of the optic nerve
causes: MS, methyl poisoning Blurry vision or loss of vision may cause optic atrophy |