Cmt Chapter 5 -Integumentary System

Front 1

abrasion

Back 1

a scraping or rubbing away of skin or mucous membrane as a result of friction to the area

Front 2

abscess

Back 2

a localized collection of pus in any part of the body

Front 3

albino

Back 3

an individual with a marked deficiency of pigment in the eyes, hair and skin

Front 4

alopecia

Back 4

partial or complete loss of hair.

Front 5

amputation

Back 5

the surgical removal of a part of the body or a limb or part of a limb; performed to treat recurrent infections or gangrene of a limb

Front 6

basal layer

Back 6

the deepest of the 5 layers of skin

Front 7

bedsore

Back 7

an inflammation, sore or ulcer in the skin over a bony prominence of the body, resulting from a loss of blood supply and oxygen to the area due to prolonged pressure on the body part; a pressure sore

Front 8

blackhead

Back 8

an open comedo, caused by accumulation of keratin and sebum within the opening of a hair folicle

Front 9

blister

Back 9

a small, thin-walled, skin lesion containing clear fluid; a vesicle

Front 10

boil

Back 10

a localized pus-producing infection originating deep in a hair follicle; a furuncle

Front 11

bruise

Back 11

a bluish black discoloration of an area of the skin or mucous membrane caused by an escape of blood into the tissues as a result of an injury to the area; see ecchymosis

Front 12

bulla

Back 12

a large blister

Front 13

carbuncle

Back 13

a circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues that contains pus, which eventually discharges to the skin surface

Front 14

cellulitis

Back 14

a diffuse, acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, characterized by localized heat, deep redness, pain and swelling

Front 15

cerumen

Back 15

ear wax

Front 16

ceruminous gland

Back 16

a modified sweat gland that lubricates the skin of the ear canal with a yellowish-brown waxy substance called cerumen or ear wax

Front 17

cicatrix

Back 17

a scar; the pale, firm tissue that forms in the healing of a wound

Front 18

collagen

Back 18

the protein substance that forms the glistening inelastic fibers of connective tissue such as tendons, ligaments and fascia

Front 19

comedo

Back 19

the typical lesion of acne vulgaris, caused by accumulation of keratin and sebum within the opening of a hair follicle. (closed comedo = white head; open comedo = blackhead)

Front 20

contusion

Back 20

an injury to a part of the body wihout a break in the skin

Front 21

corium

Back 21

the dermis; the layer of the skin just under the epidermis

Front 22

cryosurgery

Back 22

a noninvasive treatment that uses subfreezing temperature to freeze and destroy the tissue. Coolants such as liquid nitrogen are used in the metal probe

Front 23

curettage

Back 23

the process of scraping material from the wall of a cavity or other surface for the purpose of removing abnormal tissue or unwanted material

Front 24

cutaneous membrane

Back 24

the skin see integument

Front 25

cuticle

Back 25

a fold of skin that covers the root of the fingernail or toenail

Front 26

cyanosis

Back 26

a condition of a bluish discoloration of the skin

Front 27

cyst

Back 27

a closed sac or pouch in or within the skin that contains fluid, semi-fluid or solid material

Front 28

debridement

Back 28

removal of debris, foreign objects and damaged or necrotic tissue from a wound in order to prevent infection and to promote healing

Front 29

dermatitis

Back 29

inflammation of the skin

Front 30

dermatologist

Back 30

a physician who specializes in the treatment of diseases and disorders of the skin

Front 31

dermatology

Back 31

the study of the skin

Front 32

dermis

Back 32

the layer of skin immediately beneath the epidermis; the corium

Front 33

diaphoresis

Back 33

the secretion of sweat

Front 34

ecchymosis

Back 34

bruise

Front 35

electrodesiccation

Back 35

a technique that uses an electrical spark to burn and destroy tissue; used primarily for the removal of surface lesions

Front 36

epidermis

Back 36

the outermost layer of the skin

Front 37

epidermoid cyst

Back 37

a cyst filled with a cheesy material composed of sebum and epthelial debris that has formed in the duct of a sebaceuous gland; also known as a sebaceous cyst

Front 38

epithelium

Back 38

the tissue that covers the internal and external surfaces of the body

Front 39

erythema; erythroderma

Back 39

redness of the skin due to capillary dilatation. Blushing or a mild sunburn

Front 40

erythremia

Back 40

an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells; polycythemia vera

Front 41

excoriation

Back 41

an injury to the surface of the skin caused by trauma, such as scratching or abrasion

Front 42

exfoliation

Back 42

peeling or sloughing off of tissue cells, as in the peeling of the skin after a severe sunburn

Front 43

fissure

Back 43

a creacklike sore or groove in the skin or mucous membrane

Front 44

fistula

Back 44

an abnormal passageway between tubular organs (eg rectum and vagina) or from an organ to the body surface

Front 45

furuncle

Back 45

a localize pus-producing infection originating deep in a hair follicle; a boil

Front 46

gangrene

Back 46

death of tissue, most often involving the extremities.

Front 47

hair follicle

Back 47

the tiny tube within the dermis that contains the root of a hair shaft

Front 48

hair root

Back 48

the portion of a strand of hair tht is embedded in the hair follicle

Front 49

hair shaft

Back 49

the visible part of the hari

Front 50

hemangioma

Back 50

a benign tumor that consists of a mass of blood vessels and has a reddish-purple color

Front 51

heparin

Back 51

a natural anticoagulant substance produced by the body tissues; also produced by laboratories for therapeutic use

Front 52

hirsutism

Back 52

excessive body hair in an adult male distribution pattern, occuring in women

Front 53

histamine

Back 53

a substance, found in all cells, that is released in an allergic, inflammatory reaction

Front 54

histiocyte

Back 54

macrophage; a large pahgocytic cell (cell that ingests microorganisms, other cells and foreign particles) occuring in the walls of blood vessels and loose connective tissue

Front 55

hives

Back 55

a circumscribed, slightly elevated lesion of the skin that is paler in the center than its surrounding edges; see wheal

Front 56

hydrocele

Back 56

a collection of fluid located in the area of the scrotal sac in the male

Front 57

ichthyosis

Back 57

an inherited dermatological condition in which the skin is dry, hyperkeratotic (hardened), and fissured, resembling fish scales

Front 58

integument

Back 58

the skin see cutaneous membrane

Front 59

integumentary system

Back 59

the body system composed of the skin, hair, nails, sweat glands and sebaceous glands

Front 60

keratin

Back 60

a hard, fibrous protein that is found in the epidermis, hair, nails, enamel of the teeth and horns of animals

Front 61

keratolytic

Back 61

an agent used to break down or loosen the horny (hardened) layer of the skin

Front 62

laceration

Back 62

a tear in the skin

Front 63

lanugo

Back 63

soft, very fine hari that covers the body of the developing fetus

Front 64

lesion

Back 64

any visible damage to the tissues of the skin, such as a wound, sore, rash or boil

Front 65

lipocyte

Back 65

a fat cell

Front 66

lunula

Back 66

the crescent-shaped pale area at the base of the fingernail

Front 67

macrophage

Back 67

a large phagocytic cell (cell that ingests microorganisms, other cells, and foreign particles) occuring in the walls of blood vessels and loose connective tissue; see histiocyte

Front 68

macule

Back 68

a small, flat discoloration of the skin that is neither raised or depressed ; a freckle

Front 69

mast cell

Back 69

a cell, found within the connective tissue, that contains heparin and histamine; these substances are released from the mast cell in response to injury and infection

Front 70

melanin

Back 70

a black or dark pgment, produced by melanocytes within the epidermis, that contributes color to the skin and helps to filter ultraviolet light

Front 71

melanocytes

Back 71

cells responsible for producing melanin

Front 72

nail body

Back 72

the visible part of the nail

Front 73

nodule

Back 73

a small, circumscribed swelling protuding above the skin

Front 74

oil gland

Back 74

one of the many small glands located in the dermis; its secretions provide oil to the hair and surrounding skin; see sebaceous gland

Front 75

onycholysis

Back 75

seperation of a figernail from its bed, beginning at the free margin.

Front 76

onychomycosis

Back 76

any fungal infection of the nails

Front 77

onychophagia

Back 77

the habit of biting the nails

Front 78

pachyderma

Back 78

abnormal thickening of the skin

Front 79

papule

Back 79

a small, solid, circumscribed elevation on the skin

Front 80

paronychia

Back 80

inflammation of the fold of skin surrounding the fingernail; also called run-around

Front 81

pediculosis

Back 81

infestation with lice

Front 82

perspiration

Back 82

the clear, watery fluid produced by the sweat glands; see sweat

Front 83

petechia

Back 83

small, pinpoint hemorrhages of the skin

Front 84

pimple

Back 84

a papule or pustule of the skin

Front 85

polyp

Back 85

a small, stalklike growth that protrudes upward or outward from a mucous membrane surface, resembling a mushroom stalk

Front 86

pores

Back 86

openings of the skin through which substances such as water, salts and some fatty substances are excreted

Front 87

pruritis

Back 87

itching

Front 88

purpura

Back 88

a group of bleeding disorders characterized by bleeding into the skin and mucous membranes;

Front 89

pustule

Back 89

a small elevation of the skin filled with pus; a small abscess

Front 90

scales

Back 90

thin flakes of hardened epithelium that are shed from the epidermis

Front 91

sebaceuous cyst

Back 91

a cyst filled with a cheesy material composed of sebum and epithelial debris that has formed in the duct of a sebaceous gland; also known as an epidermoid cyst

Front 92

sebaceous gland

Back 92

an oil gland located in the dermis; its secretions provide oil to the hair and surrounding skin

Front 93

seborrhea

Back 93

excessiver secretion of sebum, resulting in excessive oiliness or dry scales

Front 94

sebum

Back 94

the oily excretions of the sebaceous glands

Front 95

skin tags

Back 95

a small brownish or flesh-colored outgrowth of skin occuring frequently on the neck; also known as a cutaneous papilloma

Front 96

squamous epithelial cells

Back 96

flat scalelike cells that are arranged in layers (strata)

Front 97

squamous epithelium

Back 97

the single layer of flattened platelike cells that cover internal and external body surfaces

Front 98

stratified

Back 98

layered; arranged in layers

Front 99

stratum

Back 99

a uniformly thick sheet or layer of cells

Front 100

stratum basale

Back 100

the layer of skin where new cells are continually being reproduced, pushing older cells toward the outermost surface of the skin

Front 101

stratum corneum

Back 101

the outermost layer of skin (composed of dead cells that have converted to keratin) which continually sluffs off or flakes away; known as the keratinized or "horny" cell layer

Front 102

stretch marks

Back 102

linear tears in the dermis which result from overstretching from rapid growth. They begin as pinkish-blue streaks with jagged edges and may be accompanies by itching. As they heal and lose their color, the stria remain as silvery white scar lines

Front 103

subcutaneous tissue

Back 103

the fatty layer of tissue located beneath the dermis

Front 104

subugnual hematoma

Back 104

a collection of blood beneath a nail bed, usually the result of trauma (injury)

Front 105

sudoriferous gland

Back 105

a sweat gland

Front 106

sweat

Back 106

the clear, watery fluid produced by the seat glands; also known as perspiration

Front 107

sweat gland

Back 107

one of the tiny structures within the dermis that produces sweat, which carries waste products to the surface of the skin for excretion; also known as the sudoriferous gland

Front 108

ulcer

Back 108

a circumscribed, open sore or lesion of the skin that is accompanied by inflammation

Front 109

urticaria

Back 109

a reaction of the skin in which there is an appearance of smooth slightly elevated patches (wheals) that are redder or paler thaqn the surrounding skin and often accompanied by severe itching (pruritus)

Front 110

vesicle

Back 110

a small, thin-walled, skin lesion containing clear fluid; a blister.

Front 111

vitiligo

Back 111

a skin disorder characterized by nonpigmented white patches of skin of varying sizes that are surrounded by skin with normal pigmentation

Front 112

wheal

Back 112

a circumscribed, slightly elevated lesion of the skin that is paler in the center than its surrounding edges; hives

Front 113

whitehead

Back 113

a closed comedo, cause by accumulation of keratin and sebum within the opening of a hair follicle, the contents within are not easily expressed

Front 114

xanthoderma

Back 114

any yellow coloration of the the skin

Front 115

xeroderma

Back 115

a chronic skin condition characterized by roughness and dryness

Front 116

adip/o

Back 116

pertaining to fat

Front 117

caut

Back 117

burn

Front 118

cutane/o

Back 118

skin

Front 119

hidr/o

Back 119

sweat

Front 120

hist/o

Back 120

tissue

Front 121

ichthy/o

Back 121

fish

Front 122

kerat/o

Back 122

hard, horny

Front 123

lip/o

Back 123

fat

Front 124

myc/o

Back 124

fungus

Front 125

onych/o

Back 125

nails

Front 126

pil/o

Back 126

hair

Front 127

scler/o

Back 127

hard

Front 128

squam/o

Back 128

scales

Front 129

trich/o

Back 129

hair

Front 130

xer/o

Back 130

dryness

Front 131

acne vulgaris

Back 131

acne; a common inflammatory disorder seen on the face, chest, back and neck and which appears as papules, pustules and comedos

Front 132

albinism

Back 132

a condition characterized by the absence of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes

Front 133

first degree burn

Back 133

superficial burns such as
sunburn

Front 134

second degree burn

Back 134

partial thickness burns such as contact with boiling water

Front 135

third degree burns

Back 135

full thickness burns, sometimes burns through muscle down to bone.

Front 136

callus

Back 136

a common, usually painless thickening of the epidermis at sites of external pressure or friction such as palms of the hands and bottom of the feet

Front 137

basal cell carcinoma

Back 137

the most commmon malignant tumor of the epithelial tissue, occuring most often on areas of the skin that are exposed to the sun.

Front 138

squamous cell carcinoma

Back 138

a malignancy of the squamous, or scalelike cells of the epithelial tissue, which is a much faster growing cancer than basal cell carcinoma and which has a greater potential for metastasis if not treated

Front 139

dermatitis

Back 139

inflammation of the skin, seen in several forms.

Front 140

Contact dermatitis

Back 140

occurs as the skin responds to an irritant or allergen with redness, itching and lesions

Front 141

allergic contact dermatitis

Back 141

develops by sensitization. When coming in contact with a substance for the first time no immediate inflammation occurs, but future exposures will result in severe inflammation

Front 142

irritant contact dermatitis

Back 142

occurs following repeated exposure to a mild irritant or initial exposure of a strong irritant. Can be from soaps, cleaners and bleaches

Front 143

seborrheic dermatitis

Back 143

common inflammatory condition known as cradle cap in babies.

Front 144

eczema

Back 144

an acute or chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, or scabs and is accompanied by intense itching.

Front 145

exanthematous viral diseases

Back 145

a skin eruption or rash accompanied by inflammation, having specific diagnostic features of an infectious viral disease: rubella, roseaola infantum, rubeola (measles) and erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)

Front 146

herpes zoster (shingles)

Back 146

an acute viral infection characterized by painful, vesicular eruptions on the skin following along the nerve pathways of the spinal or cranial nerves

Front 147

hyperkeratosis

Back 147

an overgrowth of the horny layer of the epidermis

Front 148

impetigo

Back 148

contagious superficial skin infection characterized by serous vesicles and pustules filled with millions of staphylococcus or streptococcus bacteria, usually forming on the face

Front 149

Kaposi's Sarcoma

Back 149

rare malignant lesions that begin as soft purple-brown nodules or plaques on the feet and gradually spread throughout the skin

Front 150

keloid

Back 150

an enlarged, irregularly shaped and elevated scar that forms due to the presence of large amounts of collagen during the fomration of the scar

Front 151

keratosis

Back 151

skin condition in which ther is a thickening and overgrowth of the conrified epithelium

Front 152

seborrheic keratosis

Back 152

appears as brown or waxy yellow wartlike lesions 5-20mm in diameter, loosely attached to the skin surface; also known as senile warts

Front 153

actinic keratosis or solar keratosis

Back 153

a premalignant, gray or red to brown, hardened lesion caused by excessive exposure to sunlight

Front 154

leukoplakia

Back 154

white, hard, thickened patches firmly attached to the mucous membrane in areas such as the mouth, vulva or penis

Front 155

malignant melanoma

Back 155

malignant skin tumor originating from melanocytes in preexisting nevi, freckles or skin with pigment; darkly pigmented cancerous tumor

Front 156

nevus (mole)

Back 156

a visual accumulation of melanocytes, creating a flat or raised rounded macule or pupule with definite borders

Front 157

onychocryptosis

Back 157

ingrown nail. The nail pierces the lateral fold of skin and grows into the dermis, causing swelling and pain

Front 158

onychomycosis

Back 158

a fungal infection of the nails

Front 159

pediculosis

Back 159

a highly contagious parasitic infestation caused by blood sucking lice

Front 160

pemphigus

Back 160

a rare, incurable disorder manifested by blisters in the mouth and on the skin and spreading to involve large areas of the body, including the chest, face, umbilicus, back and groin

Front 161

pilonidal cyst

Back 161

a closed sac located in the sacrococcygeal area of the back, sometimes noted at birth as a dimple

Front 162

psoriasis

Back 162

a common, non-infectious, chronic disorder fo the skin manifested by silvery-white scales over round, raised, reddened plaques producing itching

Front 163

scabies

Back 163

a highly contagious parasitic infestation caused by the "human itch mite", resulting in a rash, pruritus, and a feeling of "something crawling"

Front 164

scleroderma

Back 164

a gradual thickening of the dermis and swelling fo the hands and feet to a state in which the skin is anchored to the underlying tissue.

Front 165

systemic lupus erythematosus

Back 165

a chronic, multisystem, inflammatory disease characterized by lesions of the nervous system and skin, renal problems and vasculitis. A red rash known as the butterfly rash is often seen on the nose and face

Front 166

tinea

Back 166

more commonly known as ringworm, a chronic fungal infection of the skin that is characterized by scaling, itching, and sometimes painful lesions. The lesions are names according to the body part affected.

Front 167

tinea capitis

Back 167

ringworm of the scalp (more common in children)

Front 168

tinea corporis

Back 168

ringworm of the body is characterized by round patches with elevated red borders of pustules, papules, or vesicles that affect the non hairy skin of the body. The lesion actually looks like a circle and is raised.

Front 169

tinea cruris

Back 169

ringworm of the groin; also known as jock itch

Front 170

tinea pedis

Back 170

ringworm of the foot; also known as athlete's foot

Front 171

wart (verruca)

Back 171

a benign, circumscribed, elevated skin lesion that results from hypertrophy of the epidermis; caused by the human papilloma virus

Front 172

allergy testing

Back 172

various procedures used to identify specific allergens in an individual by exposing the person to a very small quantity of the allergen.

Front 173

cautery

Back 173

heat or caustic substances that burn and scar the skin (coagulation of tissue)

Front 174

cryosurgery

Back 174

a noninvasive treatment that uses subfreezing temperature to freeze and destroy the tissue

Front 175

dermabrasion

Back 175

removal of the epidermis and a portion of the dermis with sandpaper or brushes in order to eliminate superficial scars or unwanted tatoos

Front 176

dermoplasty

Back 176

skin transplantation to a body surface damaged by injury or disease

Front 177

electrosurgery

Back 177

the removal or destruction of tissue with an electrical current

Front 178

escharotomy

Back 178

an incision made into the necrotic tissue resultin from a severe burn

Front 179

liposuction

Back 179

aspiration of fat through a suction cannula or curette to alter the body contours

Front 180

skin biopsy

Back 180

the removal of a small piece of tissue from skin lesions for the purpose of examining it under a microscope to confirm or establish a diagnosis

Front 181

skin graft

Back 181

a process of placing tissue on a recipient site, taken from a donor site, in order to provide teh protective mechanisms of skin to an area unable to regenerate skin, as in third-degree burns

Front 182

autografting

Back 182

donor tissue comes from the person receiving the graft

Front 183

homografting or allografting

Back 183

donor tissue is harvested from a cadaver

Front 184

heterograft or xenograft

Back 184

donor tissue is obtained from an animal

Front 185

wood's lamp

Back 185

an ultraviolet light that is used to examine the scalp and skin for the purpose of observing fungal spores

Front 186

Bx, bx

Back 186

biopsy

Front 187

decub.

Back 187

decubitus (ulcer); bedsore

Front 188

derm.

Back 188

dermatology

Front 189

DLE

Back 189

discoid lupus erythematosus

Front 190

EAHF

Back 190

eczema, asthma, and hay fever

Front 191

FANA

Back 191

flourescent antinuclear antibody

Front 192

FS

Back 192

frozen section

Front 193

ID

Back 193

intradermal

Front 194

I&D

Back 194

incision and drainage

Front 195

LE

Back 195

(systemic) lupus erythematosus

Front 196

PPD

Back 196

purified protein derivative

Front 197

PSS

Back 197

progressive systemic scleroderma

Front 198

SC

Back 198

subcutaneous

Front 199

SLE

Back 199

systemic lupus erythematosus

Front 200

TENS

Back 200

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

Front 201

ung.

Back 201

ointment

Front 202

UV

Back 202

ultraviolet (light)

Front 203

XP, XDP

Back 203

xeroderma pigmentosum