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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Communication
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process of acting on information
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Human communication
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process of making sense out of the world and attempting to shar that sense with others, verbally and nonverbally
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Effective Communication***
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1. Be Understood
2. Achieve its Intended Effect 3. Be Ethical |
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Models of Communication
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1. Action: Message transfer
2. Interaction: Message exchange 3. Transaction: Message creation |
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Five Characteristics of Communication
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1. Inescapable
2. Irreversable 3. Complicated 4. Emphasizes Content and Relationships 5. Governed by Rules |
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Content Aspect**
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Part of message tha focuses on new information, ideas, suggested action that the communicator wants to share:: what is said
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Relationship Aspect**
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The aspect of communication that offers cues about emotions, controls the speaker:: how something is said
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Communication Principals
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1. Aware of Comm. with yourself and others
2. Effectively use and interpret verbal messages 3. Effectively use and interpret nonverbal messages 4. Listen and respond thoughtfully 5. Appropriately adapt to messages |
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Asynchronus vs. Synchronus
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ie. email vs. phone
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Listening Process**
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1. Selecting
2. Attending 3. Understanding 4. Remembering 5. Responding |
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Listening Goals
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1. To enjoy
2. To learn 3. To evaluate 4. To empathize |
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Listening Barriers**
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1. Self barriers
2. Information-processing barriers 3. Context barriers |
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Skills to Improve Listening**
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1. Stop: Turn off competing messages
2. Look: Observe nonverbal cues 3. Listen: Understand both details and major ideas |
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Responding skills**
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1. Be descriptive
2. Be timely 3. Be brief 4. Be useful |
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Four Methods of Speech Delivery**
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1. Manuscript
2. Memorized 3. Extemporaneous 4. Impromptu |
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Effective Word Structures**
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1. Concrete: object or action
2. Unbiased: not descriminatory 3. Vivid: add color and interest 4. Simple: known to all 5. Correct: gramatically, etc. |
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Delivery: Verbal and Non-Verbal Characteristics**
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Pitch, rate, cadence, drama
and Eye-contact, movement, gestures, posture, expression |
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Groups vs. Teams
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3-15 people with: a common theme -VERSUS- a coordinated group with a common goal
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Roles in Group Communication**
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1. Task roles: helps accomplish work
2. Social role: managing group climate 3. Individual role: focuses on one person |
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Norms**
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standards that say what is appropriate for a group
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Status**
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An individuals importance in a group
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Power**
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An individuals ability to influence behaviour
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Ways to obtain power
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1. Legitimate: voted
2. Referent: from being liked 3. Expert: from having expertise 4. Reward: ability to provide incentives 5. Coercive: being able to punish others |
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Cohesiveness
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Talk about we, and goals, celebrate successes
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Phases of Group Development**
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1. Orientation
2. Conflict 3. Emergence 4. Reinforcement |
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Team Structure vs. Interaction
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the way a team is organized -VS- the give and take diologue
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Reflective Thinking
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1. Indentify
2. Analyze 3. Generate 4. Select solution |
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Groupthink vs. Consensus**
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Groupthink: agreement when an idea is unchallenged, a false consensus
Consensus: an agreement that all memeber acutally support |
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Leadership Approaches**
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1. Trait: specific qualities
2. Functional: focuses on the key task 3. Styles approach: authoritarian, democratic, laissez-faire 4. Situational: bases leadershp on how the group is running 5. Transformational: shaping the group through quality relationships |
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Styles of leadership**
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Authoritarian: controlling
Democratic: asks for input and reacts Laissez-faire: only leads when asked |
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Meeting Structure**
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1. Determine Goals
2. What needs to be discussed to achieve them 3. Organize the agenda |
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Managing interactions**
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writing before speaking, nominal group technique, or silent brainstorming
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Keys for visual aids**
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right, easy to see, simple, polished...need to rehearse, use eye contact, explain, time, no passing, handouts with caution, thoughtful
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Informative speech keys
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Clear: simple and even paced
Interesting: reveals interest, supporting material, well worded, visual aids Memorable: motive, redundant, verbal and nonverbal reinforcement |
