Cmn 3 Exam 2

Front 1

What is the “interactional” nature of communication and relationships?

Back 1

The nature of the relationship is defined by the communication between its members. Relationships and the communication between the people have an interactional effect. Relationships are defined IMPLICITLY.

Front 2

What are the four dimensions of the metamessage?

Back 2

Content vs. relational message. Content is the explicit what is said and relationship is the implicit how it is said. The meta-message is the relational message.

1) Arousal/composure/formality
2) Intimacy
3) Immediacy
4) Submission/dominance

Front 3

What are the five stages of coming together?

Back 3

1) Initiating- greeting and indicating there is an opening for communication
2) Experimenting- safe topics, small talk
3) Intensifying- characterized by increasingly personal self-disclosures; things feel emotionally compelling
4) Integrating- coupling, pet names, coordinated activities, develop a way of being together
5) Bonding- public expression of a commitment (marriage)

Front 4

What are the five stages of pulling apart?

Back 4

1) Differentiating- pointing and experiencing differences vs. similarities and connections
2) Circumscribing- holding back self-disclosures and other relational expressions
3) Stagnating- biding one's time for a better opportunity, or remaining in a holding pattern
4) Avoiding- creating and tolerating situations that detract from the relationship, spending more time apart
5) Terminating- ending the relationship, or casting the relationship into a new form

Front 5

What do Jourard’s and Altman & Taylor’s theories of self-disclosure assert? What is considered rewarding or non-rewarding self-disclosures? Why is Jourard’s theory significant and why has it been criticized?

Back 5

1

Front 6

What are the four friendship dialectics and how do they affect friendships?

Back 6

1

Front 7

What are the three major types and how do they compare on conventionality, interdependence, and conflict?

Back 7

1

Front 8

What are the five “love languages.” What does the general theory or approach assert about how to show love in relationships?

Back 8

1

Front 9

What does attribution theory assert? What causes human behavior? What is the relationship between the attributions we make and conflict management?

Back 9

1

Front 10

What is the fundamental attribution error?

Back 10

1

Front 11

What is an account? Why are giving accounts important to relationships? How does attribution and account theory relate to one another?

Back 11

1

Front 12

What are the three “I’s” of conflict?

Back 12

1

Front 13

What are the most common sources of conflict?

Back 13

1

Front 14

What are the “four horsemen of the apocalypse?” Why are they named that? What does each of them mean?

Back 14

1

Front 15

What are other problematic signs of relationship troubles?

Back 15

1

Front 16

What are the conditions for arguing as lovers? What does each of them mean?

Back 16

1

Front 17

What are the five strategies for managing conflict? On what are they based?

Back 17

1

Front 18

Know the following ides expressed in the chapter.

Back 18

1

Front 19

Based on recent research, it appears that humans are wired to interpret the touch of our fellow humans.

Back 19

1

Front 20

The experience of touch is affected by your social evaluation of the person touching you.

Back 20

1

Front 21

With the face and voice, in general we can identify just one or two positive signals that are not confused with each other. Touch can communicate multiple positive emotions.

Back 21

1

Front 22

The U.S. is a touch-phobic society.

Back 22

1

Front 23

How touch gets interpreted is very context dependent.

Back 23

1

Front 24

Touch leads to a more positive interaction and deeper sense of connection with others.

Back 24

1

Front 25

Even a fleeting contact with a stranger can have a measurable effect, both fostering and enhancing cooperation.

Back 25

1

Front 26

Warm climates tend to produce cultures that are more liberal about touching than colder regions.

Back 26

1

Front 27

A mother’s touch enhances attachment between mother and child; it can signify security.

Back 27

1

Front 28

The amount of touch we receive is highest when we’re young, and consistently declines as we grow older.

Back 28

1

Front 29

There is a lot of cultural variation in touch.

Back 29

1

Front 30

Touch is predominantly learned.

Back 30

1

Front 31

Research revealed that touch predicted performance across all of the NBA teams.

Back 31

1

Front 32

Self-massage has been shown to slow the heart rate and lower the level of the stress hormone cortisol.

Back 32

1

Front 33

Research has revealed that a person giving a massage experiences as great a reduction in stress hormones as the person on the receiving end.

Back 33

1

Front 34

The amount of touching couples do is highest in the early stages of the relationship and then it drops and stabilizes.

Back 34

1

Front 35

The true indicator of a healthy long-term bond is not how often your partner touches you but how often he or she touches you in response to your touch.

Back 35

1

Front 36

Dominance and degree of intimacy are the two most important things we reveal through touch.

Back 36

1

Front 37

What are the ways in which infants benefit from consistent and appropriate touch from their mothers?

Back 37

1

Front 38

Most cases of sexual harassment involve which specific kind of touch?

Back 38

1

Front 39

When is the MOST appropriate time to communicate via touch?

Back 39

1

Front 40

Know all the “kinds of listening” and specifically what each one of them means: appreciative, active, comprehensive, critical, defensive, dichotic, discriminative, empathic, reflective, selective, and therapeutic.

Back 40

1

Front 41

What are some examples of internal and external distractions to listening?

Back 41

11

Front 42

Know the four types of listeners (analyticals, amiables, drivers, expressives) and the qualities associated with each type.

Back 42

1

Front 43

What did Daniel Goleman say are the behaviors of people who are empathic?

Back 43

1

Front 44

What is the SIER model and what should listeners do during the sensing, interpreting, evaluation, and responding phases?

Back 44

11

Front 45

What is rephrasing and what stage of the SIER model should a listener do it?

Back 45

1

Front 46

What are the various kinds of structures people use when speaking?

Back 46

1

Front 47

What were the four kinds of antisocial ways of communicating online that are viewed as the dark side of the Internet? Which one of the four was considered to be the least harmful and which of the four are considered the most harmful?

Back 47

1

Front 48

What are the two key related reasons for why these dark forms of communication are more commonly enacted online rather than face-to-face?

Back 48

1

Front 49

How many hate sites have been found on the Internet?

Back 49

11

Front 50

Know the following ideas that were said about “flaming.”

Back 50

1

Front 51

Flaming is the most well known example of antisocial online behavior.

Back 51

1

Front 52

Flaming was described as the “practice of expressing oneself more strongly on the computer than one would in other communication settings.”

Back 52

1

Front 53

Flaming was described as “hostile expression of strong emotions and feelings” over computer networks.

Back 53

1

Front 54

Although observations of flaming are common, research suggests that in absolute terms, flaming occurs infrequently.

Back 54

1

Front 55

Males tend to flame more than females, and those with an external locus of control are more likely to flame than those with an internal locus of control.

Back 55

1

Front 56

What does relational perception theory assert?

Back 56

In every communication with another person there is both behavior and experience involved

Front 57

What is “behavior” and what is “experience?” How do they compare?

Back 57

Behavior- the observable actions of another person (observable and public)

Experience- the internal perception and feeling of each party (hidden and private)

We can observe behavior, but not experience. However, we want to know what the other person's experience is, so we make inferences about it

Front 58

What are the differences between direct perspective and meta-perspective?

Back 58

d

Front 59

What is a spiral?

Back 59

d

Front 60

What is a unilateral and a bilateral spiral?

Back 60

d

Front 61

Why do we like perceptual accuracy and dislike spirals?

Back 61

d

Front 62

What can we do to prevent spirals?

Back 62

d