Cmn 140 Chapter 11

Front 1

symbolic interactionism

Back 1

theory that people give meaning to symbols and that those meanings come to control those people

Front 2

social behaviorism

Back 2

view of learning that focuses on the mental processes and the social environment in which learning takes place

Front 3

symbols

Back 3

in general, arbitrary, often abstract representations of unseen phenomena

Front 4

sign

Back 4

in symbolic interaction, any element in the environment used to represent another element in the environment

Front 5

natural signs

Back 5

in symbolic interaction, things occurring in nature that represent something else in nature

Front 6

artificial signs

Back 6

in symbolic interaction, elements that have been constructed to represent something else in the social world

Front 7

signals

Back 7

in symbolic interaction, artificial signs that produce highly predictable responses

Front 8

symbols

Back 8

in symbolic interaction, artificial signs for which there is less certainty of response

Front 9

social constructionism

Back 9

school of social theory that argues that individuals' power to oppose or reconstruct important social institutions is limited

Front 10

social construction of reality

Back 10

theory that assumes an ongoing correspondence of meaning because people share a common sense about its reality

Front 11

phenomenology

Back 11

theory developed by European philosophers focusing on individual experience of the physical and social world

Front 12

typifications

Back 12

"mental images" that enable people to quickly classify objects and actions and then structure their own actions in response

Front 13

symbol

Back 13

in social construction of reality, an object that represents some other object

Front 14

signs

Back 14

in social construction of reality, objects explicitly designed to serve as an index of subjective meaning

Front 15

typification schemes

Back 15

in social construction of reality, collections of meanings assigned to some phenomenon, which come from a social stock of knowledge to pattern interaction with the environment and things and people in it

Front 16

frame analysis

Back 16

Goffman's idea about how people use expectations to make sense of everyday life

Front 17

social cues

Back 17

in frame analysis, information in the environment that signals a shift or change of action

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frame

Back 18

in frame analysis, a specific set of expectations used to make sense of a social situation at a given point in time

Front 19

downshift and upshift

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in frame analysis, to move back and forth between serious and less serious frames

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hyperritualized representations

Back 20

media content constructed to highlight only the most meaningful actions

Front 21

primary, or dominant, reality

Back 21

in frame analysis, the real world in which people and events obey certain conventional and widely accepted rules (sometimes referred to as the dominant reality)

Front 22

news reality frames

Back 22

news accounts in which interested elites involve journalists in the construction of news drama that blurs underlying contextual realities

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participatory news

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news that reports how citizens routinely engage in actions that have importance for their communities

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explanatory journalism

Back 24

news that answers "why" questions

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collective action frames

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news frames highlighting positive aspects of social movements and the need for and desirability of action

Front 26

cultivation analysis

Back 26

theory that television "cultivates" or creates a worldview that, although possibly inaccurate, becomes the reality because people believe it to be so

Front 27

violence index

Back 27

annual content analysis of a sample week of network television prime-time fare demonstrating how much violence is present

Front 28

cultural indicators project

Back 28

in cultivation analysis, periodic examinations of television programming and the conceptions of social reality cultivated by viewing

Front 29

ice-age analogy

Back 29

in cultivation analysis, idea that the degree of television's influence is less critical than the direction of its steady contribution

Front 30

message system analysis

Back 30

in cultivation analysis, detailed content analysis of television programming to assess recurring and consistent presentations of images, themes, values, and portrayals

Front 31

cultivation

Back 31

in cultivation analysis, television's contribution to the creation of a culture's frameworks or knowledge and underlying general concepts

Front 32

mainstreaming

Back 32

in cultivation analysis, the process, especially for heavier viewers, by which television's symbols monopolize and dominate other sources of information and ideas about the world

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resonance

Back 33

in cultivation analysis, when viewers see things on television that are congruent with their own everyday realities

Front 34

3 Bs of television

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in cultivation analysis, the idea that television blurs, blends, and bends reality

Front 35

commodification of culture

Back 35

the study of what happens when culture is mass-produced and distributed in direct competition with locally based cultures

Front 36

media literacy

Back 36

the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and communicate messages