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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many mitochondria do RBCs contain?
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NONE!
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What is the electron donor in complex II of the ETC?
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Succinate
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What is the net reaction for the complex 1 pathway of the ETC?
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NADH + H+ + O2 -> NAD+ + H2O
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Where does the ETC "pump" protons to?
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Complex I, III, IV pump protons from the matrix into the Intermembrane Space
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What is the pathway for electrons in the ETC?
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Reduced fuel -> Coenzyme -> flavoprotein -> Fe-containing cytochrome group -> Oxygen
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How many protons are pumped in each ETC complex?
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I-II : 4
II-III : 0 III-IV : 2 IV-O2 : 4 |
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How many protons are needed to rotate the ATP synthase Fo-domain 360 degrees?
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12 protons (12 c complexes)
*3 ATP are synthesized (4 protons/ATP) |
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Where does ATP bind in ATP synthase?
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Three a,B pairs each have a binding site for ADP and Pi
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Where does the ETC "pump" protons to?
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Complex I, III, IV pump protons from the matrix into the Intermembrane Space
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What transporter moves ATP4- into the IM space and ADP3- into the matrix?
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Adenosine Nucleotide Translocase
*Antiporter |
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What is the electron donor in complex II of the ETC?
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Succinate
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What is the function of phosphate translocase?
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Brings phosphate and H+ back into matrix from IM space
*Symporter |
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Where does the ETC "pump" protons to?
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Complex I, III, IV pump protons from the matrix into the Intermembrane Space
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Where does the ETC "pump" protons to?
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Complex I, III, IV pump protons from the matrix into the Intermembrane Space
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How many protons are pumped in each ETC complex?
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I-II : 4
II-III : 0 III-IV : 2 IV-O2 : 4 |
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How many protons are needed to rotate the ATP synthase Fo-domain 360 degrees?
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12 protons (12 c complexes)
*3 ATP are synthesized (4 protons/ATP) |
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Where does ATP bind in ATP synthase?
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Three a,B pairs each have a binding site for ADP and Pi
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Define: reducing equivalent
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1 hydrogen atom (or H+ + e-)
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Why do fats contain the most energy out of all types of fuels?
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Fats are very carbon-rich and all of the carbons are used to make acetyl CoA
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Which two enzymes are used in the malate-aspartate shuttle?
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1) Malate dehydrogenase
2) Glutamate-Oxaloacetate Transaminase |
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What molecule results from deamination of aspartate?
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Oxaloacetate
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Where does glycolysis take place?
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In the cytosol
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What enzyme oxidizes G3P to DHAP on the inner mitochondrial membrane?
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G3P dehydrogenase
*The electrons from G3P are transferred to FAD to form FADH2 in the inner mitochondrial membrane |
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In a closed chamber filled with isolated mitochondria, what happens to the 02 concentration when ADP is added?
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It rapidly decreases
*ADP is strong stimulator of respiration |
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What two molecular ratios are important regulatory factors of ETC and Oxidative Phosphorylation?
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ADP/ATP and NAD+/NADH
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What molecule uncouples phosphorylation from electron transport?
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Dinitrophenol (DNP)
*DNP destroys the H+ gradient, allowing continued ADP stimulation of O2 consumption |
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Which molecule inhibits ATP synthase, slowing O2 consumption?
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Oligomycin
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Which molecule uncouples the H-gradient, generating heat in the process?
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Thermogenin
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