Cma Drug Cards

Front 1

Calcium Carbonate

Back 1

Drug: (Tums)

Uses: Osteoporosis; Hypocalcemia

Action: Replaces and maintains calcium

Usual Dose/Special Instuctions: 250-650mg PO daily

Side Effects/Adverse Reaction: Constipation; cardiac changes if calcium level goes too high

Hint 1

Front 2

Potassium Chloride

Back 2

Drug: (K-Dur)

Uses: vomiting; diarrhea; starvation diet

Actiin: Replaces and maintains potassium

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 40-100mEq PO tid or qid

Side Effects/Adverse Reaction: Cardiac changes if potassium level goes too high

Hint 2

Front 3

Iron

Back 3

Drug: (Fesol, Imferon)

Uses: Iron-deficiency anemia

Action: Formation of red blood cells

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 325mg PO Tod or qid; 50-100mg IM daily

Side Effects/Adverse Reaction:

Constipation; black stool; nausea

Hint 3

Front 4

Amoxicillin

Back 4

Drug: (Amoxil, Polymox)

Uses: Ear, nose , throat, genitourinary, skin, lower respiratory, and uncomplicated gonocacsal infections

Action: Inhibits cell wall synthesis, cell growth and division, bactericidal

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 500mg q8h or 500mg q12h

Side Effects/Adverse Reaction: Skin rashes, diarrha, nausea, vomitting, abdominal cramps or pain, dizziness

Hint 4

Front 5

Sulfamethoxazale Trimethoprim

Back 5

Drug: (Septra, Bactrim)

Uses: Bronchitis, UTI, otitis media

Action: Blocks folate metabolism pathway

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 1 double-strength tab PO q12h; encourage fluids

Side Effects/Adverse Reactions: Nausea, vomitting, diarrha, rash, allergic reaction to sulfa

Hint 5

Front 6

Ciprofloxacin

Back 6

Drug: (Cipro)

Uses: Pneumonia, bone infection, UTI, skin infection

Action: Inhibits DNA gyrase

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 500mg PO q12h; do not take with antacids

Side Effects/Adverse Reaction: Headache, nausea, diarrhea, rash

Hint 6

Front 7

Nitroglycerin

Back 7

Drug: (Nitro-Bid, Nitrostat)

Uses: Angina Pectoris

Action: Reduce myocardial oxygen demand by causing peripheral vasodilation

Usual Dose/Special Instruction: SL: 0.15-0.6mg repeated @ 5min intervals; if no relief after 15mins or 3tabs, notify physician; oint: 1-2" q8h noc; patch: apply 1 patch q24h

Side Effects/Adverse Reactions: Headache, dizziness, flushing, orthostatic hypotension, nausea, rapid pulse

Hint 7

Front 8

Clonidine Hydrochloride

Back 8

Drug: (Catapres)

Uses: Hypertension

Action: Suppresses sympathetic outflow from the brain and decreases cardiac output

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 0.2-0.8mg in divided doses daily, PO; 1 patch effective for 7 days

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Rebound hypertension if d/c abruptly, dry mouth, drowsiness, dizziness, constipation, pruritis

Hint 8

Front 9

Amlodipine

Back 9

Drug: (Norvasc)

Uses: Hypertension, chronic stable angina

Action: Inhibits the inflows of calcium through the cell membrane, resulting in a decrease in automaticity and conduction velocity of both the amotth and cardiac muscles

Usual Dose/ Special Instructions: 5-10 mg daily

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Headache, fatigue, lethargy, dizziness, nausea, abdominal distress, peripheral edema, palpalations, hypotension, muscle cramps

Hint 9

Front 10

Verapamil

Back 10

Drug: (Calan)

Uses: Angina, supraventricular tachycardia, hypertension, atrial fibrillation

Actiin: Slows AV conduction and prolongs effective refractory period; decreases myocardial contractility and peripheral vascular resistance

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 80-120mg PO rid initially, then 240-480mg in divided dose daily

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: CHF, bradycardia, hypotension, nausea, constipation, dizziness, headache, paresthesia

Hint 10

Front 11

Digoxin

Back 11

Drug: (Lanoxin)

Uses: CHF, arrhythmias

Action: Slows and strengthens heartbeat, increase cardiac output

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: Daily maintenance dose: 0.125-0.5mg PO; usually 0.25mg; take apical pulse for 1min prior to administering; don't give if pulse under 60

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Nausea, vomiting, slow or irregular pulse, loss of appetite, extreme fatigue, increased risk of side effects when blood levels are greater than 2mg/dL, hypokalemia, and worsening renal funcioning; yellow-green halos around images, blurred vision

Hint 11

Front 12

Atenolol

Back 12

Drug: (Tenormin)

Uses: Hypertension, angina pectoris

Action: Decreases cardiac output, peripheral resistance, and cardiac oxygen consumption

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 50mg/day in single or divided dose; maintenance dose: 50-100mg/day

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Respiratory distress, bradycardia, dizziness, fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, hypotension

Hint 12

Front 13

Metoprolol Tartarate

Back 13

Drug: (Lopressor)

Use: Management of hypertension; most effective when used with a thiazidediuretic or another antihypertensive

Action: Decreases cardiac output, peripheral resistance, and cardiac oxygen consumption

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 100mg/day in single or divided doses; maintenance dose: 50-100mg/day

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Respiratory distress, bradycardia, dizziness, fatigue, diarrhea, nausea

Hint 13

Front 14

Lisinopril

Back 14

Drug: (Prinivi, Zestril)

Uses: Hypertension

Action: Supresses the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 20-40mg daily

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Hypotension, dizziness, headache, fatigue, vertigo, cough, athenia, rash

Hint 14

Front 15

Diltiazem

Back 15

Drug: (Cardizem, Cardizam SR)

Uses: Angina and hypertension

Action: Inhibits cell membrane during depolarization of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 30-120mg (up to 240mg/day) SR

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Edema, arrhythmias, drowsiness, mausea, lightheadedness

Hint 15

Front 16

Captopril

Back 16

Drug: (Capoten)

Uses: Hypertension

Action: Suppresses the renin-angiotension aldosterone system

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 25mg bid; May increase to 50mg bid

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Rash, nausea, vomitting, hypotension, orthostatic hypotension

Hint 16

Front 17

Hydrochlorothiazide

Back 17

Drug: (HydroDiuril)

Uses: Edema associated with CHF; hypertension

Action: Increases water and sodium excretion

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: Initially, 25mg/day; potassium supplement may be needed

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, weakness, dizziness, fatigue, dry mouth, confusion, epigastric distress, orthostatic hypotension

Hint 17

Front 18

Furosemide

Back 18

Drug: (Lasix)

Uses: Edema associated with CHF; hypertension

Action: Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the proximal and distal tubules and loop of Henle

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 20-80mg/day in a single dose; May be increased to 20-40mg q8hrs; max Daly dose should not exceed 600mg; given in the morning

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Dehydration, hypovolemia, hypokalemia, hypochlormia, hyponatremia, nausea, vertigo, orthostatic hypotension

Hint 18

Front 19

Spironolactone

Back 19

Drug: (Aldactone)

Uses: Edema when other approaches to treatment are ineffective or inadequate

Action: Acts on distal tubules to inhibit sodium exchange for potassium, resulting in increased secretion of sodium and water and conservation of potassium

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 100mg/day; maintenance dose: 75-400mg/day 2-4 divided doses

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, diarrhea, cramps, drowsiness

Hint 19

Front 20

Simvastatin

Back 20

Drug: (Zocar)

Uses: Hypercholesterolemia

Action: Decrrded elevated total and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 40mg daily in the evening or 80mg tid

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Rhabdomyolysis south renal dysfunction secondary to myoglobinuria, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dysfunction of certain cranial nerves, headache

Hint 20

Front 21

Clopidogrel

Back 21

Drug: (Plavix)

Uses: Reduced myocardial infraction and vascular death when atherosecterosid is present; peripheral vascular disease; acute coronary syndrome

Action: Inhibits platelet aggregation

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 75mg daily

Side Effects/Adverse Reactions: Edema, hypertension, syncope palpitation, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness

Hint 21

Front 22

Warfarin Sodium

Back 22

Drug: (Coumadin)

Uses: Thrombus, pulmonary embolism, phlebotid, coronary occlusion

Action: Prevents or slows formation of blood clots; prevents enlargement of existing Thrombus

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 2-10mg PO daily for maintenance adjust dose weekly until blood coagulation tests are 1.5-2 times normally: not to be used when their is a risk of hemorrhage

Side Effects/Adverse Reaction: Hemorrhage (blood in urine, feces, and tissue, bruising, nosebleed, bleeding gums)

Hint 22

Front 23

Albuterol

Back 23

Drug: (Proventil, Ventolin)

Uses: Asthma, bronchitis

Action: Provides bronchodilation

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: PO: 2-4mg tid or qid, not to exceed 32mg daily; Inhalation: 4-6 x daily; start with inhalation in 3-5min if no relief; Rinse mouth with water between doses to prevent throat irritation and cough

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Tremor, anxiety, nervousness, restlessness

Hint 23

Front 24

Docusate Sodium

Back 24

Drug: (Colace)

Uses: Constipation and hard stool, in patients with painful anorectal conditions after a heart attack, and in cardiac and other conditions where patients should not strain durimg defecation (stool softner)

Action: Stool softner; carcasses discs tension by increasing liquid content if stool

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 50-300mg/day; full effect may take 1-3 days

Side Effects/Adverse Reactions: Bitter taste, throat irritation, mild abdominal cramping, diarrhea

Hint 24

Front 25

Ranitidine

Back 25

Drug: (Zantac)

Uses: Duodenal and gastric ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hypersecretory conditions

Action: Inhibits histamine at H2-receptors site in the gastric parietal cells; conduits gastric acid secretion

Usual Dose/Special Instruction: 150mg bid for 6 weeks; the 150mg at h.s.; there is an over-the-counter product

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Headache, drowsiness, agitation, depression, constipation, abdominal pain

Hint 25

Front 26

Lansoprazole

Back 26

Drug: (Prevacid)

Uses: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; severe erosive esophagitis, pathological hypersecretory conditions

Action: Suppresses gastric acid

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 30-60mg every day a.c. for up to 8 weeks

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Headache, dizziness, diarrhea, abdominal pain

Hint 26

Front 27

Nitrofurantoin

Back 27

Drug: (Furadantin)

Uses: UTI

Action: Interferes with bacterial enzyme system

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 50-100mg tid or qid; give with food or milk to avoid gastric irritation; cruise mouth Asher giving liquid firm to avoid straining teeth

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Anorexia, nausea, diarrhea; may turn urine brown or darker

Hint 27

Front 28

Potassium

Back 28

Drug: (K-Lyte, Slow-L, Kaon)

Uses: Potassium deficiency

Action: Is a potassium ion replacement

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 20mEq/day for prevention of hypokalemia; 40-100mEq/day or more for treatment of potassium depletion

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal distress, hypokalemia, phlebitis

Hint 28

Front 29

Levothyroxine Sodium

Back 29

Drug: (Synthroid)

Uses: Hypothyroid conditions such ad cretinism, myxedema, goiter, mild hypothyroidism, surgical removal of thyroid gland

Action: Is a synthetic thyroid hormone replacement; simulates metabolism

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 25-100mg mcg PO daily in single dose, increase by 50-100 mcg PO every 1-4 weeks until desired response occurs; given on empty stomach

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Headache, palpitations, sleeplessness, weight loss, nervousness, tachycardia, hypertension

Hint 29

Front 30

Prednisone

Back 30

Drug: (Deltasone)

Uses: Hormone replacement, inflammatory diseases, lymphatic canvet, allergies, ulcerative colitis, kidney disease

Action: Suppresses inflammation and immunr response; stimulates bone marrow; influences protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 2.5-15mg PO 2, 3, or 4 x a day; depending in specific disease, adjusted to lowest effective maintenance level; convert abruptly discontinuance drug; maintenance dose: may be given daily or every other day

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Euphoria, insomnia, edema, hypokalemia, GI upset, rounded face, delayed wound headlong, weight gain, muscle weakness

Hint 30

Front 31

Metformin

Back 31

Drug: (Glucophage)

Use: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)

Action: Simulates release of insulin from beta cells in islets of Langerhans in pancreas

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 500mg bid (1 with a.m. mal and p.m. meal) or 850mg qd with p.m. meal

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal bloating, lightheadedness, headache, asthenia, rash

Hint 31

Front 32

Glyburide

Back 32

Drug: (DiaBeta, Micronase)

Use: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)

Action: Stimulates release of insulin from beta cells in islets of Langerhans in pancreas

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 2.5-5mg PO daily with breakfast

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, flatulence, anorexia, diarrhea or constipation

Hint 32

Front 33

Aspirin

Back 33

Drug: Aspirin

Uses: Mild and moderate pain, inflammatory distress (e.g. osteoarthritis)

Action: Reduces pain (analgesic), inflammation (anti-inflammatory), and fever (antipyretic); inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: Mild Pain:325-650mg q4h prn; Rheumatoid arthritis: 3.6-5.4g daily in divided doses; cove oral forms with food, milk, or full glass of water to avoid stomach irritation unless enteric-coated

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Nausea, stomach pain, indigestion, gastrointestinal bleeding, overdose, tinnitus, rapid breathing, dizziness, severe headache

Hint 33

Front 34

Ibuprofen

Back 34

Drug: Ibuprofen (Motrin, prescription; Advil)

Uses: Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, mild-moderate pain

Action: Reduces pain, inflammation, fever; inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 200-800mg PO tid or qid, adjusted individually; cove with milk our food if stomach irritation occurs; takes up to 2 weeks to soiree effect; into relief in 2 weeks, consult physician

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Epigastric distress, nausea, headache, dizziness, tinnitus, rash, visual disturbances, gastrointestinal bleeding, renal impairment

Hint 34

Front 35

Naproxen

Back 35

Drug: (Naprosyn)

Uses: Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, allowing spondylitis, tendonitis, bursotes, acute goat

Action: Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis; is an anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and analgesic agent

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 250-500mg bid a.m. and p.m. for rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, an kylosing spondylitis; for gout: 750mg, then 250mg q8h until attack subsides

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Gastrointestinal bleeding, heartburn, nausea, headache, dizziness, itching, tinnitus, edema

Hint 35

Front 36

Allopurinol

Back 36

Drug: (Zyloprim)

Uses: Gout, excess uric acid, prevention pig hyperuricemia associated with cancer chemotherapy

Action: Suppresses formation of uric acid

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 100mg PO daily; cradle with meals and drink 10-12 glasses if fluid daily

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Drowsiness, vomiting, rash, headache

Hint 36

Front 37

Clonazepam

Back 37

Drug: (Klonopin)

Uses: Absence, akinetic, myoclonic seizures

Action: Controls seizures without impairing the normal functioning if the central nervous system; selectively depresses the the hyperactive areas of the basin that cause seizures

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 0.5mg tid, increase 0.5-1mg every 3 days until seizures under control

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Rash, fever, headache, pain or swelling in the mouth, nose, urinary tract, sore throat, bruising, dark urine, loss of appetite, abdominal pain

Hint 37

Front 38

Phanytoin Sodium

Back 38

Drug: (Dilantin)

Use: Grand mal epilepsy; psychometee seizures; tonic clonic seizures

Action: Controls seizures

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 300mg/day divided q8h for liquid oral and IV administration

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Back-and-forth eye movement (nystagmus); diplopia (double vision); swollen, tender gums; staggered walking (ataxia); slurred speech; constipation; dizziness; nausea and vomiting; dashes; anemia; sedation

Hint 38

Front 39

Carbidopa and Levodopa

Back 39

Drug: (Sinemet)

Use: Parkinson's disease or Parkinson-like symptoms

Action: Reduces rigidity of had and limbs; is a doppminergic (involving activity of a neurotransmitter)

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: Initial dose: 1 tab (10mg carbidopa/100mg levodopa or 25/100) tid; maintenance dose: 1 or 2 tabs (25/250) tid, individually adjusted; catch for symptoms of depression; give with food; may cause drowsiness

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Mood change; unusual, uncontrolled body movement; palpitations; difficult urination; dry mouth; nausea; vomiting; orthostatic hypotension

Hint 39

Front 40

Domepezil

Back 40

Drug: (Aricept)

Uses: Mild-moderate dementia of Alzheimer's disease

Action: Enhances cholinergic functions by increasing levels of acetycholine

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 5mg daily, may increase to 10mg after 4-6 weeks

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, insomnia, dizziness, hypertension, headaches, muscle cramps, urine incontinence, dyspnea

Hint 40

Front 41

Bupropion

Back 41

Drug: (Wellbutrin)

Uses: Major depression

Action: Unknown, did not inhibit MAO, weakly blocks uptake of epinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: Immediate release: 100mg bid for 3 days followed by 100mg tid; Extended release: 150mg daily, followed by 300mg daily

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Headache, dizziness, insomnia, tachycardia, hypotension, excessive sweating, muscle spasms, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting

Hint 41

Front 42

Amitriptyline

Back 42

Drug: (Elavil)

Use: Depression

Action: It is a tricyclic antidepressant, inhibits serotonin reuptake

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 75mg/day in divided dose; may increase to 150mg daily; 20-30mg qid IM, or 80-120 mg at h.s.

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Dizziness, drowsiness, constipation, dry mouth, orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision

Hint 42

Front 43

Imipramine

Back 43

Drug: (Tofranil)

Uses: Depression

Action: Is a tricyclic antidepressant; inhibits serotonin reuptake

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 75-100mg/day in divided dose or in a single dose at h.s.; up to 300mg given to hospitalized patients; caution patient to avoid alcohol, OTC drugs, prolonged exposure to sunlight, and hazardous activists that require alertness

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, urine retention, constipation, weight gain, tachycardia, photosensitivity

Hint 43

Front 44

Fluoxetine

Back 44

Drug: (Prozac)

Use:Depression

Action: Inhibits serotonin reuptake

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 20-80mg/day, given once or twice daily in divided doses

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Anxiety, insomnia, weight loss, sexual dysfunctional, nausea, headache, diarrhea, dry mouth

Hint 44

Front 45

Sertraline

Back 45

Drug: (Zoloft)

Use: Depression, OCD

Action: Inhibits serotonin reuptake

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: Begins with 50mg PO and gradually increases every few weeks; range 50-200mg

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Headache, nausea, diarrhea, insomnia, make sexual dysfunction

Hint 45

Front 46

Paroxetine

Back 46

Drug: (Paxil)

Uses: Depression, OCD

Action: Inhibits serotonin reuptake

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 20-50mg/day PO in divided dose

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Headache, nausea, sedation, dry mouth

Hint 46

Front 47

Lorazepam

Back 47

Drug: (Ativan)

Use: Anxiety, tension, insomnia, agitation, premedication before operative procedure

Action: Depresses the central nervous system

Usual Dose/Special Instructions: 2-6mg daily in divided doses; caution patient to avoid alcohol; may cause drowsiness; 2-4mg IN

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Drowsiness, lethargy, dependence

Hint 47

Front 48

Alprazolam

Back 48

Drug: (Xanax)

Use: Anxiety and tension

Action: Is a benzodiazepine; depresses the central nervous system

Usual Dose/ Special Instructions: 0.25-0.5mg tid

Side Effect/Adverse Reactions: Drowsiness, lightheadedness, suicidal tendencies

Hint 48