Cm Level 7

Front 1

allargando (allarg.)

Back 1

getting broader, slower

Front 2

assai

Back 2

very

Front 3

calando

Back 3

gradually diminishing in volume and tempo

Front 4

con brio

Back 4

with vigor, energetic

Front 5

flautando

Back 5

bow lightly over the fingerboard

Front 6

ma non troppo

Back 6

but not too much

Front 7

martele

Back 7

very strongly accented, sharp attack with clean stop

Front 8

mordent

Back 8

~m~

Front 9

morendo

Back 9

gradually decreasing in volume, dying away

Front 10

punta d'arco

Back 10

at the tip of the bow

Front 11

rubato

Back 11

flexible tempo; rhythmically free

Front 12

sautille

Back 12

bouncing bow, rapid spiccato, very close to string

Front 13

solo

Back 13

one player to a part (soloist's entry in orchestra)

Front 14

stringendo

Back 14

accelerating the tempo, gradually getting faster

Front 15

sul Ponticello

Back 15

bow near the bridge

Front 16

sul tasto (Italian)

Back 16

bow lightly over the fingerboard

Front 17

turn

Back 17

~

Front 18

tutti

Back 18

all (complete section plays in orchestra)

Front 19

andantino

Back 19

not as slow as andante

Front 20

attacca

Back 20

next section folows without break

Front 21

colle

Back 21

press, then lift the bow

Front 22

enharmonics

Back 22

notes that sound the same but are written differently

Front 23

harmonic

Back 23

flute-like tone produced by touching the string lightly

Front 24

largo

Back 24

extremely slow, stately, broadly

Front 25

lento

Back 25

very slow, not as slow as largo

Front 26

l'istesso tempo

Back 26

same tempo as prevoiusly

Front 27

loco

Back 27

return to the written pitch after 8va

Front 28

maestoso

Back 28

majestic

Front 29

octava (8va-----)

Back 29

play an octave higher than written

Front 30

pesante

Back 30

heavy

Front 31

porato

Back 31

several notes are separated slightly within a slur

Front 32

simile

Back 32

in a like manner, the same way

Front 33

allegretto

Back 33

not as fast as allegro, with a lightness of style

Front 34

appoggiatura

Back 34

(little 8th note)(quarter note)=(two 8th notes)

Front 35

arpeggio

Back 35

tones of a chord that are played melodically

Front 36

cantabile

Back 36

singing style

Front 37

coda

Back 37

ending passage of a composition

Front 38

marcato

Back 38

emphasized, stressed, marked

Front 39

molto

Back 39

much, very

Front 40

phrase

Back 40

natural division of the melodic line

Front 41

poco a poco

Back 41

little by little

Front 42

presto

Back 42

extremely fast

Front 43

relative major and minor keys

Back 43

keys with the same key signature (C Major, A minor)

Front 44

sempre

Back 44

always

Front 45

sostenuto

Back 45

sustained

Front 46

subito

Back 46

suddenly

Front 47

theme

Back 47

musical motive that serves as the basis of a piece

Front 48

tranquillo

Back 48

calm

Front 49

trill

Back 49

tr (shakes)

Front 50

vibrato

Back 50

rocking motion of left hand to vary the pitch slightly

Front 51

a tempo

Back 51

return to regular speed

Front 52

crescendo (cresc.)

Back 52

gradually get louder

Front 53

decrescendo (decresc.)

Back 53

gradually get softer

Front 54

diminuendo (dim.)

Back 54

gradually get softer

Front 55

fermata

Back 55

(birds eye) hold longer, pause

Front 56

forte

Back 56

f loud

Front 57

legato

Back 57

smooth bowing, no pause between notes

Front 58

piano

Back 58

p soft

Front 59

ritardando (rit.)

Back 59

slowing gradually

Front 60

staccato

Back 60

detached, stopped bows on the string

Front 61

accent

Back 61

play with emphasis

Front 62

arco

Back 62

play with the bow

Front 63

fortissimo

Back 63

ff very loud

Front 64

mezzo forte

Back 64

mf medium loud

Front 65

mezzo piano

Back 65

mp medium soft

Front 66

pianissimo

Back 66

pp very soft

Front 67

pizzicato (pizz.)

Back 67

pluck the string

Front 68

slur

Back 68

connects two or more different notes in one bow

Front 69

tie

Back 69

connects two or more of the same notes in one bow

Front 70

accelerando (accel.)

Back 70

gradually getting faster

Front 71

allegro

Back 71

fast, quick and lively tempo

Front 72

andante

Back 72

moderately slow, at a walking tempo

Front 73

D.C. al Fine

Back 73

return to the beginning, play to the end ("Fine")

Front 74

D.S. al Fine (~S~)

Back 74

return to the sign, play to the end ("Fine")

Front 75

dolce

Back 75

sweetly

Front 76

forte-piano

Back 76

fp loud, then immediately soft

Front 77

moderato

Back 77

medium tempo

Front 78

rallentando (rall.)

Back 78

becoming gradually slower

Front 79

sforzando

Back 79

sfz suddenly accented, forced

Front 80

adagio

Back 80

slow tempo, slower than andante

Front 81

con sordino

Back 81

with the mute

Front 82

concerto

Back 82

piece for a soloist with orchestral accompaniment

Front 83

detache

Back 83

slight pause between notes, one note per bow

Front 84

etude

Back 84

study or exercise stressing a technical problem

Front 85

grazioso

Back 85

gracefully

Front 86

interval

Back 86

the distance between two notes

Front 87

leggiero

Back 87

light, graceful

Front 88

meno mosso

Back 88

less motion, slower

Front 89

piu mosso

Back 89

more motion, faster

Front 90

senza sordino

Back 90

without the mute

Front 91

spiccato

Back 91

bow is bounced, clearly articulated

Front 92

tenuto

Back 92

sustained, hold for full value

Front 93

Tonic (I)

Back 93

first note of a scale, pitch on which a key is centered

Front 94

vivace

Back 94

very fast, vivacious and full of life

Front 95

order of sharps

Back 95

F# C# G# D# A# E# B#

Front 96

order of flats

Back 96

Bb,Eb,Ab,Db,Gb,Cb,Fb

Front 97

order of sharp Major scales including C major

Back 97

C,G,D,A,E,B,F#,C#

Front 98

order of flat Major scales including C major

Back 98

C,F,Bb,Eb,Ab,Db,Gb,Cb

Front 99

three enharmonic major scales

Back 99

C#/Db, F#/Gb, B/Cb

Front 100

order of sharp minor scales including a minor

Back 100

a,e,b,f#,c#,g#,d#,a#

Front 101

order of flat minor scales including a minor

Back 101

a,d,g,c,f,Bb,eb,ab

Front 102

three enharmonic minor scales

Back 102

a#/Bb, d#/eb, g#/ab

Front 103

how to write order of sharps in BASS CLEF?

Back 103

down 4, up 5, until A# which is placed on lower space, then continue pattern

Front 104

how to write order of flats in BASS CLEF?

Back 104

start low Bb, up 4, down 5 straight w/o break

Front 105

how to write order of sharps in TREBLE CLEF?

Back 105

start upper F#, down 4, up 5, until A# which is on lower space

Front 106

how to write order of flats in TREBLE CLEF?

Back 106

straight starting on Bb, up 4, down 5

Front 107

how to write order of sharps in TENOR CLEF?

Back 107

start lower F#, go up five, down four, straight

Front 108

how to write order of flats in TENOR CLEF?

Back 108

start at middle Bb, up 4, down 5 straight

Front 109

four major periods of music history and three famous composers from each

Back 109

baroque--vivaldi/telemann/bach, classical--haydn/beethoven/mozart, romantic--schumann/schubert/chopin/tchaikovsky, and 20th century--stravinsky/rachmaninoff/shostakovich

Front 110

the four sections of a symphony orchestra

Back 110

strings, winds, brass, percussion

Front 111

four 20th/21st century concert performers that play cello, 2 for violin and viola

Back 111

cello--yo-yo ma/leonard rose/jacqueline du pre/hannah chang, violin--sarah chang/joshua bell, viola--joseph de pasquale/cynthia phelps