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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Modular Organizations:
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Modular Organizations:
- These are certain areas and or regions of the brain that are involved in specific functions -such as: auditory cortex, motor speech, visual cortex) the brain is highly interconnected, so some (many) processes might be DISTRIBUTED - this means that a given function is processed by multiple different regions of the brain But there are certain areas of the cortex that are selectively responsible for certain motor or sensory functions - ex: motor cortex- body control |
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Aphasia:
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-This is the general term for language impairment due to some form of trauma to the brain
-it is an acquired communication disorder that impairs a persons ability to communicate, process language, but DOES NOT IMPAIR INTELLIGENCE -it impairs the ability to speak and understand others -most w/aphasia also have difficult reading and writing -example: a stroke, blow to the head A stroke: is caused by a ruptured artery (blood clot) - this causes tissue to die and subsequent damage Aphasia is almost ALWAYS on LEFT side of the brain -symptom patterns of aphasia were named by the people who discovered them: Broca's aphasia and wernicke's aphasia |
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Broca's Aphasia: ( grammar (syntax) area)
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people with lesions in this area have fairly good language comprehension
- but poor comprehension of complicated syntax -for example: passive function words (by,was) They have very poor expressive language -but their speech is very effortful -lack of function words and inflection morphology -they tend to spit out list of nouns -They say lots of fillers like (um,ah,um) to make up for this fact -they may exhibit motor speech problems if the lesion is very large they are VERY aware of their challenges in speaking |
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Wernickes Aphasia: (semantics, meaning)
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People with wernickes aphasia dont have a problem with producing fluent speech:
- they have few or no problems with grammatical morphemes and articulating speech -can produce complete sentences However, they have very poor content with their speech -their sentences make no sense They have very jumbled and disconnected ideas - their ideas usually have no relation with each other or to the conversational partner -their speech consists of many neologisms -have impaired comprehension Wernicke aphasics are NOT aware they have a problem with communication -they will get very frustrated when speaking because they think they make sense |
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Site of Lesion
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It is not overly simple that patients has JUST either Broca's or Wernicke's aphasia, their are symptom patterns, but it is possible they are connected or have a mixture of both
the site of lesion may sometimes predict what kind of aphasia a person will have BUT it is not always the case -some patients w/lesions in Broca's area have no symptoms of aphasia, or symptoms that are not consistent with broca's aphasia -some patients with Broca's aphasia dont have a lesion in the Broca's area this all applies to Wernickes aphasia -also consider the location -and source (how the lesion was gained) |
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Modalities of Language:
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expression (verbal & written)
-speaking -writing comprehension (auditory and reading) -understanding what you hear -understanding what you read and see |
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Recovering from Aphasia
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-recovering of language from brain damage is possible but this usually happens within the first six months
-some adults recover completely but recovery for children is much more likely because of evidence in PLASTICITY |
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Lateralization:
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the notion that specific functions are associated with either the left or right hemisphere
- adults with aphasia almost always have left hemisphere damage - this has led to view that language localizes to the left hemisphere of the brain |
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Other stuff I probably dont need to know..
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Strokes
- left hemisphere strokes: often results in language impairment (aphasia) right hemisphere strokes: - rarely results in language impairment - results in other impairments like: visual-spatial, organization, memory, attention Treatment: for more severley impaired speech and language functions: - automatic sequencing -word retrieval stratagies -naming -grammar and sentence structure -reading aloud -reading comprehension -auditory comprehension -written language treatment |
