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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sexual reproduction |
type of reproduction in which the genetic information from 2 individuals combine forming an offspring |
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the egg comes from the ... |
mother |
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the sperm comes from the ... |
father |
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the egg and sperm combine to form the ... |
zygote |
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haploid cell |
half the genetic information or a single chromosome (humans 23 chromosomes) |
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diploid cell |
cell with all the chromosomes in pairs (humans 46 chromosomes) |
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diploid cells are made in ... |
mitosis |
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haploid cells are made in ... |
meiosis |
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How many times does meiosis occur |
twice |
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prophase I |
chromosomes condense, spindle fibers form, nucleus breaks down, and nucleolus disappears |
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metaphase I |
chromosomes line in the middle of a cell spindle fibers attach to each chromosomes |
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anaphase I |
chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles in the cell sister chromatids stay together |
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telophase |
a nuclear membrane forms around the chromosomes |
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prophase II |
chromsomes remains condensed, nuclear membrane breaks apart, nucleolus dissappears |
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metaphase II |
sister chromotids line up in middle of the cell (single file) |
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anaphase II |
the sister chromatids of each duplicated chromosomes pull apart towards the poles of each cell (single chromosomes) |
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telephase II |
nuclear membrane around chromosomes in all four cells |
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cytokinesis |
form 4 haploid cells |
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what are the 4 differences of mitosis and meiosis |
mitosis-- somatic cell, 2 new cell, diploid cells, occurs once meiosis--- sex cells, 4 new cells, haploid cells, occurs twice |
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what 3 things do mitosis and meiosis have in common |
same phases, cytokinesis, making new cells |
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what are the two advantages of sexual reproduction |
genetic variation and selective breeding |
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genetic variation |
different traits among species (ex. skin tone) |
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what passes on trait that help to prevent diseases |
genetic variation |
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selective breeding |
breeding animals and plants that have the traits we want... (rose color) |
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disadvantages of sexual reproduction |
takes time and energy, organism must find a mate, offspring- so small at birth-- easy prey, easier to get diseases, and most living conditions are harsh, and fertilization is limited |
