Clp 1001 Final Exam

Front 1

Efforts to master, reduce or tolerate the demands caused by stress in one's life are collectively known as:

Back 1

Coping

Front 2

A condition or event that an experimenter varies to see its impact on another variable is called a ________ variable.

Back 2

Independent

Front 3

A researcher wants to determine whether diet causes children to learn better in schools. In this study, the independent variable is

Back 3

The type of diet

Front 4

A correlation coefficient indicates the _____ and the ______ of the relationship between two variables.

Back 4

Strength; direction

Front 5

Albert Bandura differed from other behaviorists in that he gave an important role to _______ in influencing human behavior.

Back 5

Cognition

Front 6

Which of the following psychologists said "personality is determined to a large extent by a person's genes"?

Back 6

Hans Eysenck

Front 7

The "Fight or Flight" response was first described by:

Back 7

Walter Cannon

Front 8

Post-traumatic stress disorder involves

Back 8

Psychological disturbance due to the experience of a major traumatic event

Front 9

Albert Ellis believes that problematic emotional reactions to stress are caused by:

Back 9

Catastrophic thinking

Front 10

Constructive coping involves all of the following except

Back 10

Being less realistic in your appraisal of your coping resources

Front 11

When Taylor returned from a difficult deployment in the Army, he reevaluated his priorities and decided to go back to school. He is most likely experiencing:

Back 11

Post-traumatic growth

Front 12

Defense mechanisms are most often _____ and entirely ______

Back 12

Unconscious; normal

Front 13

Which of the following is the best definition of psychology?

Back 13

The study of behavior and the profession that applies knowledge from these studies to solving practical problems

Front 14

A positive correlation coefficient indicates that two variables co-vary in the ________, and a negative coefficient indicated that the variables co-vary in the ________

Back 14

Same direction; opposite direction

Front 15

Case studies

Back 15

Can provide general conclusions through consistencies between cases

Front 16

Which of the following is not one of the three levels of awareness proposed by Freud?

Back 16

Collective unconscious

Front 17

The humanistic theorist who emphasized the need for self-actualization and the hierarchical organization of needs was

Back 17

Abraham Maslow

Front 18

One's belief about one's ability to preform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes is called:

Back 18

Self-efficacy

Front 19

One accepted definition of stress is:

Back 19

Any circumstance that threatens well-being and taxes coping abilities

Front 20

One challenge faced by members of ethnic minorities in dealing with everyday discrimination is that manifestations of everyday discrimination are often:

Back 20

Ambiguous

Front 21

Which of the following does the textbook cite as a weakness of the biological approached to personality?

Back 21

The complicated interactions of heredity and environment

Front 22

The leading cause of death in North America is

Back 22

Heart disease

Front 23

Beth's doctor says she is at a high risk for coronary disease. This is most likely related to her:

Back 23

A. Smoking

B. High blood pressure

C. Diabetes

All of the above

Front 24

Which of the following is known to be the principal cause of coronary heart disease?

Back 24

Atherosclerosis

Front 25

_________ is the gradual narrowing of the coronary arteries

Back 25

Atherosclerosis

Front 26

The name of the condition when the heart is temporarily deprived of adequate blood flow is:

Back 26

Myocardial ischemia

Front 27

The immune response is

Back 27

The body's defensive reaction to invasion

Front 28

The most likely explanation for people's tendency to act in self destructive ways is that

Back 28

Many health-impairing habits involve activities that are quite pleasant at the time

Front 29

According to E. Tory Higgins, which of the following is NOT one of the three types of self-perceptions that people have?

Back 29

Unrealistic

Front 30

A women who describes herself as "frank and honest" but who, in fact, lies frequently is manifesting her

Back 30

Self-discrepancy

Front 31

If you are feeling anxious because you know that you should have visited your sick great aunt in the convalescent home over the holidays, you are experiencing a discrepancy between your actual self and your ______ self

Back 31

Ought

Front 32

______ is the process of forming impressions of others

Back 32

Person perception

Front 33

Internal attributions ascribe causes of behavior to

Back 33

Personal dispositions

Front 34

External attributions ascribe causes of behavior to

Back 34

Situational factors

Front 35

Which of the following statements is NOT true about self-fulfilling prophecies?

Back 35

The effect of self-fulfilling prophecies is limited to education settings

Front 36

In general, prejudice is ________ and discrimination is _______

Back 36

An attitude; a behavior

Front 37

Elements in the communication process include all of the following except

Back 37

Personal space

Front 38

The size of an individual's personal space is related to which of the following?

Back 38

A. Social status

B. Personality

C. Age

D. All of the above

Front 39

Betty has low self-esteem. Her friend urged Betty to join Facebook to help her form connections with others. What is most likely to happen?

Back 39

Betty's self-disclosure will be too high in negativity and lead to undesired reactions

Front 40

The root of communication apprehension is thought to be

Back 40

The interpretation of one's own physiological reactions

Front 41

Close relationships can arouse both positive and negative feelings. This phenomenon is termed

Back 41

Paradox of close relationships

Front 42

Elena is very caring toward her friend Monique. She spends a lot of time texting with her, especially when Monique was going through a rough time in her marriage. When Monique forgave husbands for bad behavior, Elena felt despair and anger with Monique for giving in. These feelings exemplify:

Back 42

The paradox of close relationships

Front 43

Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing the nature of initial encounters between two people?

Back 43

Resource exchange

Front 44

Which of the following is NOT true about the role of physical attractiveness in relationships?

Back 44

The importance of physical attractiveness in a dating partner has decreased in the last 50 years

Front 45

Heterosexual married and dating couples tend to be similar in all of the following ways EXCEPT

Back 45

Personality

Front 46

The idea the interpersonal relationships are governed by perceptions of rewards and costs is a key premise in

Back 46

Social exchange theory

Front 47

Susan and Manny's relationship is characterized by warmth, closeness and sharing. Their relationship would be considered high in which of the following?

Back 47

Intimacy

Front 48

Alicia and Michael have thought seriously about splitting up on several occasions. The fact that they're still together indicated a high level of _____ in their relationship

Back 48

Commitment

Front 49

According to Hazan and Shaver

Back 49

Adult romantic relationships are similar to attachment relationships in infancy

Front 50

Hazan and Shaver found that, like infants in their attachment relationships, adults fall into the following three categories in their love relationships

Back 50

Avoidant, anxious-ambivalent, secure

Front 51

Which statement more accurately reflects the current state of marriage in modern Western society?

Back 51

It remains popular but appears to be under assault from changes in society

Front 52

It is estimated that up to _______ of the world practices arranged marriage

Back 52

80%

Front 53

Research suggests that polygamy is

Back 53

Related to lower self-esteem and unhappiness for wives

Front 54

In terms of what they look for in a marital partner, men place a higher value than women on which of the following?

Back 54

A. Ambition

B. Intelligence

C. Financial prospects

D. Youthfulness

Front 55

As a child, Daniel was generally smiling in photos. This indicated that his marital success is

Back 55

More likely

Front 56

Monique is in the first family life cycle stage. She is

Back 56

An unattached young adult between families

Front 57

Research indicates that

Back 57

A. The negative effects of divorce on psychological well being is similar for men and women

B. Post divorced adjustment is more favorable with a higher income

C. Forgiveness of an ex-spouse is correlated with lower depression

D. All of the above

Front 58

Research on homosexual couples suggest that

Back 58

A. There are rarely long-term relationships

B. Relationships are more prone to breakups than heterosexual marriages

C. Gays of both genders face more barriers to dissolution

D. All of the above

Front 59

Which of the following statements about cohabitating couples are NOT true?

Back 59

Cohabitating relationships tend to be more stable than marital relationships

Front 60

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the challenges to traditional views of marriage?

Back 60

People are not as interested in monogamous relationships now

Front 61

Scholars often use _____ to refer to male-to-female differences that are learned and _______ to designate biological differences

Back 61

Gender; sex

Front 62

If Bruce is a stereotypical male, he will generally be:

Back 62

Self-confident

Front 63

Which of the following is NOT associated with the gender similarities hypothesis?

Back 63

Overinflated claims of gender differences do not affect relationships?

Front 64

It appears that boys engage in more ______ aggression and girls engage in more ______ aggression

Back 64

Physical; relational

Front 65

Margie tends to interrupt others at work frequently. Given research in communication and gender differences we can guess that Margie

Back 65

is in management

Front 66

Which of the following researchers proposed the social role theory?

Back 66

Alice Eagly

Front 67

The overall evidence suggests that biological factors play a relatively minor role in gender differences, creating predispositions that are largely shaped by

Back 67

The way males and females are socialized

Front 68

Cultural expectations about what is appropriate for each gender are called

Back 68

Gender roles

Front 69

Gender role socialization occurs through

Back 69

A. Self-socialization

B. Observational learning

C. Reinforcement and punishment

D. All of these plays a part the acquisition of gender roles

Front 70

Which of the following has NOT been shown to influence gender role socialization?

Back 70

Self-motivation

Front 71

_______ is comprised of personal qualities, self perceptions, attitudes, values and preferences that guide an individual's sexual behavior

Back 71

Sexual identity

Front 72

Which of the following is NOT a key feature of sexual identity?

Back 72

Sexual differentiation

Front 73

______ are the principal class of female sex hormones; _______ are the principal class of male sex hormones

Back 73

Estrogens; androgens

Front 74

According to Masters and Johnson, the four phases of the sexual response cycle are

Back 74

Excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

Front 75

A body area that is sexually sensitive or responsive is a called a/an

Back 75

Erogenous zone

Front 76

Which of the following terms does NOT belong with the others?

Back 76

Cunnilingus

Front 77

Sodomy is the legal term for

Back 77

Anal sex

Front 78

Which of the following statements about condoms is accurate

Back 78

A. Polyurethane condoms are impervious to oil based creams and lotions

B. If used correctly, the condom is highly effective in preventing pregnancy

C. Condoms made of animal membranes don't protect against sexually transmitted diseases

D. All of the above statements are accurate

Front 79

There are about ______ different sexually transmitted diseases

Back 79

25

Front 80

Which of the following is a good suggestion for engaging in safer sex?

Back 80

A. Avoid engaging in anal intercourse

B. Don't have sex with someone who has had a lot of previous partners

C. Wash your genitals with sop and water before and after sex

D. All of the above

Front 81

Proposes that it isuseful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease

Back 81

The medical model

Front 82

Global, pervasiveresponses to experiences

Back 82

Moods

Front 83

Are powerful, largelyuncontrollable feelings, accompanied by physiological changes

Back 83

Emotions

Front 84

A social andintellectual movement within the discipline of psychology that focuses on humanstrengths and how people can flourish and be successful

Back 84

Positivepsychology