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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are common IV sites for horses?
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Jugular vein
(less common: cephalic, femoral, or lateral thoracic veins) |
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Common IV sites for cows?
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Jugular or tail veins
(less common: "milk" vein) |
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Common IV sites for pigs?
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Cranial vena cava, auricular veins, tail vein
(less common: jugular, cephalic or lateral thoracic veins) |
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Common IV sites for sheep and goats?
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Jugular vein
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Common IV site for camelid?
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Right jugular vein
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What are the 4 sites for equine IM injections?
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Neck triangle
Gluteal muscles Semimembranous or semitendinosus Pectoral muscles |
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What are the borders for the neck triangle?
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Nuchal ligament, cervical vertebrae, and scapula (cranial border)
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What are the 2 sites for bovine IM/SQ injections?
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Neck triangle
Tail head (SQ only!) |
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What are the sites for camelid IM/SQ injections?
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Neck triangle
Axillary region (SQ only!) |
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How many grams in a milliliter?
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1 (1g = 1mL)
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Turn ratios to %
1:100 1:200 3:500 |
1%
0.5% 0.6% |
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How to convert product percentage strength to mg/ml:
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Multiply by 10
ex. 4% = 40mg/mL |
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How long do heifer calf stay in hutch?
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60-90 days
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What can feeding grain only cause?
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Rumen acidosis
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How much do cows eat?
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80-100 lbs per day (50-60 lbs dry matter basis)
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What do bands around the legs indicate?
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The cows that should not be milked
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What do the different colored chalk on tailheads indicate?
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Orange = cow in estrus
Green = cow is pregnant None = ready to be bred |
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Whats the average 1st time calving age?
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24 months
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What determines 1st estrus in mammals?
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% mature BW
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How much protein should cows get?
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10-18% DM basis
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What is dried chicken manure fed for?
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As a nitrogen source
but roughage needs to be fed with it as cellulose |
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What is cottonseed fed for?
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As fat source
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Why should you be careful when feeding whole cottonseed?
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Gossypol in cottonseed causes cardiac problems and decreased fertility
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What is Brewer's grain fed for?
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As a carb. source
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What can too much carbs. cause?
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Acidosis, but can be prevented if combined with roughage
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What are almond hulls used for?
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As a source of oils and fiber
(high energy source) |
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Why is steam cracked/rolled corn steamed and cracked?
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Cracked to make it more digestible.
Steamed to make it less dusty. |
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Why are pellets fed?
What is the ration per cow? |
To balance out minerals and proteins. Pellet ration is 2 lbs. per cow per day
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What determines when calf is weaned?
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Rumen development
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What makes rumen grow faster?
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Grain (but roughage helps keep it healthy)
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How many times are cows milked per day?
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2-3 times per day
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Why is milk refrigerated at 42C within 2 hours of milking?
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to control bacterial growth
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Most of the milk goes to what kind of production?
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Cheese
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How much IgG does a newborn calf need?
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Atleast 100g
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By law, how long after calving do producers have to wait before reintroducing milk in with the rest of the milk?
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2 days
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How long is the dry period for heifers?
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60-70 days
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When can pregnancy be palpated?
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30 days (2 mm)
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What % of cows abort?
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10-15%
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When do cows have first silent estrus?
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14-15 days after calving (goes into heat ~21 days later)
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How long do dairy cows live?
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6 years (before being culled)
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3 parts of Bull BSE?
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1. PE
2. Palpate external sex organs 3. Sperm collection |
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What are the 2 fractions of ejaculate?
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1. Clear, no sperm, urine
2. Cloudy, has sperm |
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How is motility assessed in bulls?
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Motile or not (% not used)
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How long does it take for sperm to be formed?
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40-60 days
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What is sensitivity?
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How good the test is at detecting those that have the disease
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What is specificity?
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How good the test is at detecting those that do not have the disease
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What's more important: sensitivity or specificity?
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Higher specificity
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What is the gold standard?
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Best test to diagnose a disease
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How is sensitivity determined?
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# of total true positives divided by # of total (TP + FN)
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How is specificity determined?
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# FP divided by # (FP + TN)
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What is neg. predicted value?
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probability that a neg. result is actually a true neg. result
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What is pos. predicted value?
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probability that an animal that tested pos. actually has the disease
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How is pos. predicted value calculated?
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TP divided by (TP + FP)
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How is neg. predicted value calculated?
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TN divided by (TN + FN)
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