Clinical Psychology (Quiz1)

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Established the first formal psychological laboratory in Leipzig (1879)

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Wilhelm Wundt

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Also established a psychological clinic and published his classic text Principles of Psychology (1890).

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William James

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The conditioned reflex (classical conditioning)

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Ivan Pavlov

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Conducted the Research on intelligence testing.

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Binet and Simon (1905)

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Terman’s research on Binet-Simon test

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(1916)

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Era of the development of the Army Alpha and Beta tests

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THE ADVENT OF THE MODERN ERA (1900 - 1919)

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Publication of the Wechsler-Bellevue test and all the personality testing.

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(1930s)

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Taught clinicians the power of conditioning in the development and treatment of behavioral disorders

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Behaviorism

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Emphasized the importance of understanding that patients’ unique perceptions contribute to their problems

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Gestalt Psychology

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Rorschach and TAT

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Projective Tests

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One of the real pioneers in therapy research (1951)

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Carl Rogers

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Reported controlled research findings on the counseling process.

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Rogers and Dymond (1954)

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Publication of Julian Rotter’s Social Learning and Clinical Psychology

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(1954)

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It presented not only a social learning theory but also a series of controlled studies

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Julian Rotter’s Social Learning and Clinical Psychology (1954)

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Developed the Social Learning and Clinical Psychology (1954)

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Julian Rotter

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The journals were full of research studies dealing with both intelligent testing and personality assessment.

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1950s

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Witnessed the explicit beginnings of more behaviorally oriented forms of intervention.

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1950s

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Traveled from state to state for 40 years campaigning for more humane treatment & better facilities for the insane & the mentally retarded. The chief of hospital nurses for the Union forces.

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Dorothea Dix

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Wrote "A Mind That Found Itself", a chronicle of his experiences while hospitalized as a mental patient. His efforts were instrumental in launching the mental hygine movement.

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Clifford Beers

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Described a behavior therapy research project in 1953.

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B.F. Skinner, Ogden Lindsley, and Harry Solomon

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Research in South Africa on animal and human learning.

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Joseph Wolpe

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Published a survey that supported the efficacy of therapy → laid the basis for a series of studies that has helped us better understand the way therapeutic methods affect patients.

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Mary Smith and Gene Glass

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A research specialty in which both genetic and environmental influences on the development of behavior are evaluated

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Behavior Genetics

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Allows a view of both the structure and function of the brain

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Brain Imaging

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The first President of the American Psychological Association (APA) in 1892

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Established the first psychological clinic at the University of Pennsylvania (1896)

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Lightner Witmer

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First journal in clinical psychology (1907 - 1935)

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The Psychological Clinic

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Began publishing the Journal of Abnormal Psychology (1906)

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Morton Prince

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Was established to certify the professional competence of clinicians holding the Ph.D.

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American Board of Examiners in Professional Psychology (ABEPP)

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Explicated the scientist-practitioner model for training clinical psychologists that has served as the principal guideline for training ever since.

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The Boulder Conference in Colorado (1949)

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Established the juvenile Psychopathic Institute in Chicago (1909)

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Healy

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Published the first clinical psychology text (1936)

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Louttitu

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An advanced degree in psychology that is emerging as an alternative to traditional research-oriented

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Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy)

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An advanced degree, usually obtainable after 2 years of graduate work.

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Master’s degree

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Requires training beyond the master’s degree. In clinical psychology, the this is usually obtainable after 4 years of graduate in training in assessment, diagnosis, psychotherapy, and research, plus a 1-year internship.

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Doctoral Degree

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The predominant training philosophy in clinical psychology today.This model is based on the idea that clinical psychologists should integrate their roles of scientist and practitioner.

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Scientist-Practitioner Model

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6 Scientist-Practitioner Model

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Sample Program

Coursework

Practicum Work

Research

Qualifying Examination

Internship

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Clinical students normally must take a series of basic courses. The intent is to give the student an understanding of the basics that underlie human behavior. Clinical students also enroll in several courses that teach the fundamentals of clinical practice or deal with clinical topics at an advanced level. They also attend in seminars

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Coursework

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All programs seek to build the student’s clinical skills through exposure to clinical practica.

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Practicum Work

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It is a work done by an advanced student that involves the practical application of previously studied theory. It is work includes assessment, therapy, interviewing, and even methods of consulting with school officials, community agencies, or industry.

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Practicum

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The implementation of the scientist-practitioner model requires that the student develop research competence. This is accomplished through courses in statistics, computer software and technology, and research methodology and also by active participation in research projects.

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Research

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Sometimes called the preliminary examination or the comprehensive examination. Students regard it as the most anxiety-provoking experience in their training. The test often covers all areas of psychology, whereas in others, they are confined to the field of clinical psychology.

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The Qualifying Examination

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Vital part of any training program. It is the capstone of the student’s previous experiences in clinical courses and practica and provides the experience that begins to consolidate the scientist-practitioner role.

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The Internship

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Schools offering advanced training in psychology that emphasizes competence in assessment and psychotherapy over competence in research. Many professional schools are not affiliated with universities, and most award the Psy.D. degree.

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Professional Schools

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Developed under the assumption that a core of both knowledge and skills cuts across applied areas of psychology (i.e., clinical, counseling, school psychology), and this base of knowledge and skills can be utilized in a wide variety of practice settings.

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Combined Training Program

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Emphasizes empirically supported approaches to assessment, prevention, and clinical intervention. This model arose from concerns that clinical psychology was not firmly grounded in scienceFor students who want all the answers about human behavior, clinical psychology can be a very disturbing enterprise. But for those who wish to participate in a search for increasingly effective means to improve the human condition, it can be rewarding indeed.

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Clinical Science Model

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Is a physician. Their speciality is the study and treatment of mental disorders.

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Psychiatrists

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Is a general practice and health service provider specialty in professional psychology.

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Counseling psychologist

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Specialized training prepared him or her to consider the social context of people’s problems.

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Clinical social worker

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Works with students, educators, parents, and school administrators to promote the intellectual, social, and emotional growth of school-age children and adolescents.

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School psychologists

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Addresses behavioral and mental health issues faced by individuals across the lifespan who are affected by any injury or chronic condition that leads to disability, including issues such as: Emotional coping, mental and psychological status.

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Health and rehabilitation psychologists

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Specialized in mental health and cares for people of all ages experiencing mental illness or mental distress

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Psychiatric nurses

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Therapeutic personnel, including occupational therapists, recreational therapists, art therapists, and so on.

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Others (yan yung nakalagay aa word eh sorry na :/)

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Activities of Clinical Psychologists

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• Therapy/ Intervention

• Diagnosis/ Assessment

• Teaching

• Clinical supervision

• Research

• Consultation

• Administration

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The professional psychological organization formed in 1988 when an academic-scientific contingent broke off from the APA. Goals of this include advancing the discipline of psychology, preserving its scientific base, and promoting public understanding of the field and its applications.

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Association for Psychological Science (APS)

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A popular learning framework for treating disorders that is based on the principles of conditioning. It usually focuses on observable behavior and is typically of relatively brief duration.

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Behavior therapy

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An approach to understanding and changing behavior by identifying thecontext in which it occurs (the situations or stimulithat either precede it or follow from it).

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Behavioral Assessment

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Generally speaking, therapy of 15 or fewer sessions’ duration. It has gained popularity in recent years due to the financial constraints imposed by managed care, as well as studies demonstrating that its effectiveness is on par with that of traditional psychotherapy.

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Brief (time-effective) Therapy

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A psychologicalspecialty that focuses on the prevention andtreatment of mental health problems,particularly among people who are traditionally underserved.

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Community Psychology

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Clinicians who employ the techniques of more than one theoretical orientation. The nature of the presenting problem determines which orientation to use in a given case.

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Eclectics

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For example, an etiological factor for depression is believed to contribute to its onset.

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Etiological Causal

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A term introduced by Charles Spearman to Describe his concept of a general factor of intelligence.

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“G”

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Clinics devoted to the evaluation and treatment of children’s intellectual andbehavioral difficulties.

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Guidance Clinics

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A psychological specialty that Focuses on the prevention of illness, the promotion and maintenance of good health, and the psychological treatment of individuals with diagnosed medical conditions.

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Health Psychology

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Treatment that is presented and described in a manual format (i.e.,outlining the rationales, goals, and techniques thatcorrespond to each phase of the treatment).

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Manualized Treatment

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The ability to learn over trials

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Mental Process

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The term coined by James McKeenCattell to describe his measures of individual differences in reaction time. He believed that performance on these tests was associated with intelligence.

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Mental Tests

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Coined the term 'Mental tests'

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James McKeenCattell

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The use of test is to measure various mental capacities (e.g., the speedof mental processes, the ability to learn over trials).

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Measurement Of Intelligence

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An assessment approach—based on empirically established brain– behavior relationships—that evaluates a person’s relative strengths and weaknesses across a number of areas (e.g., memory, speed of processing, and manual dexterity).

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Neuropsychological Assessment

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Psychological tests that draw conclusions about people’s states or traits on the basis of their responses to unambiguous stimuli,such as rating scales or questionnaire items.

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Objective Measures

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Responses to objective measures are often interpreted using a ___(blank)___

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Nomothetic Approach

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Enduring and maladaptive patterns of experience and behavior that emerge by adolescence or young adulthood and persist through much of adulthood. Examples include the paranoid, antisocial, and dependent personality disorders.

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Personality Disorders

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The use of measures or techniques to provide insight into enduringcharacteristics or traits.

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Personality Testing

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Psychological testing techniques, such as the Rorschach or the Thematic Apperception Test, that use people’s responses to ambiguous test stimuli to make judgments about their personality traits or their psychological state.

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Projective Techniques

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A framework for understanding and treating mental illness based on the collaborative work of Breuer and Freud in the late 1800s.

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Psychoanalysis

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The use and interpretation of psychological test scores for the purposes of diagnosis and treatment planning.

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Psychodiagnosis

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Research that evaluatesthe effectiveness of therapy or certain therapycomponents. It may be used to determine which intervention is more effectivefor treating a certain condition or which component of a particular therapy is most crucial forbringing about an observed change.

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Psychotherapy Research

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A movement in psychology that began in the late 1950s and persisted through the 1960s. Proponents of this movement asserted that only overt behaviors could be measured and even questioned the existence ofpersonality traits.

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Radical Behaviorism

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The principal model for clinical psychology training of the past 50 years (also referred to as the Boulder model). This model strives to produce professionals who can effectively integrate the roles of scientist and practitioner.

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Scientist-practitioner Model

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A class of assessment tools, all of which consist of questions keyed to diagnostic criteria.

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Structured Diagnostic Interviews

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Means that interviewers ask all interviewees the same questions in the same order and score the answers in standard ways.

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Structured

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A behavioral technique for the treatment of anxiety disorders in which patients practice relaxation while visualizing anxiety-provoking situations of increasing intensity

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Systematic Desensitization